List of children of presidents of the United States

Theodore Roosevelt and Edith Carow Roosevelt with their children. Children from left to right: Quentin Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt Jr., Archibald Roosevelt, Alice Longworth, Kermit Roosevelt, and Ethel Roosevelt Derby

The following people are children of U.S. presidents, including biological children, confirmed and alleged extramarital children, adopted or abducted children, stepchildren, and legal wards. Status of paternity investigation/confirmation is included with entries for alleged extramarital children. All full names (including full married names) are given. Currently there are 33 confirmed, known living presidential children, of whom the oldest is Lynda Bird Johnson Robb and the youngest is Barron Trump. Two presidential children, John Quincy Adams and George W. Bush, have become president in their own right. John Scott Harrison is the only person to be both a child of a U.S. president and a parent of another U.S. president, being a son of William Henry Harrison and the father of Benjamin Harrison. Five presidents fathered no (known, biological) children: George Washington, James Madison, Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and James Buchanan. Wives of two of these presidents, Martha Washington and Dolley Madison, had children from previous marriages; Rachel Jackson had no biological children from either of her marriages. ^[1] At least six presidents have had alleged or confirmed extramarital children. ^[2] Several presidents, including Thomas Jefferson, John Tyler, William Henry Harrison, and Andrew Johnson, have alleged or confirmed extramarital children with enslaved women or girls who could not legally consent to or reject sexual intercourse with their enslavers because they had no legal personhood and no recourse of any kind. ^{[3] [4]} During the Creek War, Andrew Jackson sent three Indigenous or mixed-race babies to the Hermitage. ^[5] These children have been variously described as adopted or as spoils of war. ^[6]

Presidential children have been studied individually and as a class. As individuals they are more often notable in their own right than most individuals: They disproportionately circulate among political and social leaders and the wealthier classes, and they are more likely to be scrutinized as part of celebrity culture. Additionally, as individuals they frequently have significant influence on other family members. For instance, a child may have had a significant influence on the child's parent: acting as a sounding board, or having behavioral issues that affected the parent's beliefs or performance. A number of presidential sons and wards have served their fathers as Secretary to the President of the United States. ^[7] Due to a combination of nepotism, generational wealth, and the spoils system, children of presidents have often received benefit from being born into an American political family, either by dint of government appointments or other advantage in running for office. ^[8]

As a class, the children of presidents have also occasioned significant study. Study has generally followed two paths: The issue of what access and inclusion within the circles of power does to individuals' lives, aspirations, and outcomes; ^[9] and the issue of their influence on society and politics. ^[10]

18th century

George and Martha Washington

No biological children together. Martha Washington had four children with Daniel Parke Custis.

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Daniel Parke Custis Jr.	(1751-11-19)November 19, 1751 – February 19, 1754(1754-02-19) (aged 2)	No spouse	Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Custis' marriage to George Washington.
	Frances Parke Custis	(1753-04-12)April 12, 1753 – April 1, 1757(1757-04-01) (aged 3)	No spouse	Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Custis' marriage to George Washington.
	John Parke Custis Nickname: Jacky	(1754-11-27)November 27, 1754 – November 5, 1781(1781-11-05) (aged 26)	Eleanor Calvert	Stepson. Died from "camp fever" while serving in the American Revolutionary War. Father of: Custis (1775) Elizabeth Parke Custis Law (1776–1831) Martha Parke Custis Peter (1777–1854) Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis (1779–1852) Custis & Custis (1780) George Washington Parke Custis (1781–1857)
	Martha Parke Custis Nickname: Patsy	1756 – June 19, 1773(1773-06-19) (aged 17)	No spouse	Stepdaughter. Died from an epileptic seizure.

Alleged illegitimate children of George Washington

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Thomas Posey	(1750-06-09)June 9, 1750 – March 19, 1818(1818-03-19) (aged 67)	Martha Mathews	Posey's parentage is unclear. According to rumors, Posey was born out of wedlock to the widow of George Harrison and was adopted by her second husband John Posey; that he was the illegitimate child of John Posey and another woman; or that he might have been the natural son of seventeen-year-old George Washington and an unnamed "Low Land Beauty" who was raised by the Poseys. [11] [12]
			Mary Alexander Thornton
	West Ford	c. 1784 – July 20, 1863(1863-07-20) (aged 78–79)		Caretaker at Mount Vernon; descendants assert Washington was his father, see West Ford § Washington fatherhood controversy

John and Abigail Adams

Main article: Adams political family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Abigail Adams Nickname: Nabby or Amelia	(1765-07-14)July 14, 1765 – August 15, 1813(1813-08-15) (aged 48)	William Stephens Smith	Earliest confirmed biological child of a President of the United States. Mother of: William Steuben Smith (1787–1850) John Adams Smith (1788–1854) Thomas Hollis Smith (1790–1791) Caroline Amelia Smith (1795–1852)
	John Quincy Adams 6th president (1825–1829)	(1767-07-11)July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848(1848-02-23) (aged 80)	Louisa Catherine Johnson	6th president of the United States, see below at John Quincy and Louisa Adams
	Susanna Adams Nickname: Suky	(1768-12-28)December 28, 1768 – February 4, 1770(1770-02-04) (aged 1)	No spouse	Died of an unknown illness
	Charles Adams	(1770-05-29)May 29, 1770 – November 30, 1800(1800-11-30) (aged 30)	Sarah Smith	Died likely of pleurisy; the first First Child to die during their parent's presidency. Father of: Susanna Boylston Adams (1796–1884) Abigail Louisa Smith Adams (1798–1836)
	Thomas Boylston Adams	(1772-09-15)September 15, 1772 – March 13, 1832(1832-03-13) (aged 59)	Ann Harrod	Father of: Abigail Smith Adams (1806–1845) Thomas Boylston Adams (1809–1837) Elizabeth Coombs Adams (1809–1903) Frances Foster Adams (1811–1812) Isaac Hull Adams (1813–1900) John Quincy Adams (1815–1854) Joseph Harrod Adams (1817–1853)
	Elizabeth Adams	July 11, 1777	No spouse	Stillborn

19th century

Thomas and Martha Jefferson

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	John Skelton	(1767-11-07)November 7, 1767 – June 10, 1771(1771-06-10) (aged 3)	No spouse	Posthumous stepson; died before Martha Skelton's marriage to Jefferson. Fathered by her first husband, Bathurst Skelton.
	Martha Jefferson Nickname: Patsy	(1772-09-27)September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836(1836-10-10) (aged 64)	Thomas Mann Randolph Jr.	Mother of: Ann Cary Randolph (1791–1826) Thomas Jefferson Randolph (1792–1875) Ellen Wayles Randolph (1794–1795) (Died in infancy due to a fatal illness. Her parents later gave her full name to their next child and daughter born in 1796.) Ellen Wayles Randolph (1796–1876) Cornelia Jefferson Randolph (1799–1871) Virginia Jefferson Randolph (1801–1881) Mary Jefferson Randolph (1803–1876) James Madison Randolph (1806–1834) Benjamin Franklin Randolph (1808–1871) Meriwether Lewis Randolph (1810–1837) Septimia Anne Randolph (1814–1887) George Wythe Randolph (1818–1867)
	Jane Randolph Jefferson	(1774-04-03)April 3, 1774 – September 1775(1775-09-00) (aged 1) [13]	No spouse	Died of unknown causes
	[14]	(1777-05-28)May 28, 1777 – June 14, 1777 (aged 17 days)		Died in infancy
	Mary Jefferson Nickname: Polly or Maria	(1778-08-01)August 1, 1778 – April 17, 1804(1804-04-17) (aged 25)	John Wayles Eppes	Mother of: Baby Girl Eppes (1799–1800) Francis Wayles Eppes (1801–1881) Maria Jefferson Eppes (1804–1806)
	Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (I)	(1780-11-30)November 30, 1780 – April 15, 1781 (aged 4 months)	No spouse	Died of an unspecified illness [15]
	Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (II)	(1782-05-08)May 8, 1782 – c. October 13, 1784(1784-10-13) (aged 2) [16]		Died of whooping cough [16]

Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings (enslaved concubine)

Children with Sally Hemings; see Jefferson DNA data

Child	Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
Harriet Hemings (I)	(1795-10-05)October 5, 1795 – December 7, 1797(1797-12-07) (aged 2)	No spouse	Died of unknown causes
Beverly Hemings	(1798-04-01)April 1, 1798 – fl. 1822	A white woman in Maryland	One daughter, unnamed
Hemings	c. (1799-12-07)December 7, 1799 – c. 1800	No spouse	Died in early childhood
Harriet Hemings (II)	(1801-05-22)May 22, 1801 – fl. 1822	Unknown	Unknown
Madison Hemings	(1805-01-18)January 18, 1805 – November 26, 1877(1877-11-26) (aged 72)	Mary Hughes McCoy	Father of: Hemings Sarah Hemings (1835–1884) Thomas Eston Hemings (1839–1865) Harriet Hemings (1842–1926) Mary Ann Hemings (1843–1921) Catherine Jane Hemings (1844-1880) William Beverly Hemings (1847–1910) James Madison Hemings (1849–1922) Julia Ann Hemings (1851–1867) Ellen Wayles Hemings (1856–1940)
Eston Hemings	(1808-05-21)May 21, 1808 – January 3, 1856(1856-01-03) (aged 47)	Julia Ann Isaacs	Father of: John Wayles Jefferson (1835–1892) Anna Wayles Jefferson (1837–1866) Beverly Frederick Jefferson (1839–1908)

Thomas Woodson, the father of Lewis Woodson and Sarah Jane Woodson, was also claimed to be a child of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. However, DNA testing of the male Jefferson line and the male Woodson line showed no link.

James and Dolley Madison

No children together, but raised the older of Dolley's two sons from her first marriage to John Todd.

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	John Payne Todd Nickname: Payne	(1792-02-29)February 29, 1792 – January 16, 1852(1852-01-16) (aged 59)	No spouse	Stepson raised by James Madison; father was John Todd Jr.
	William Temple Todd	(1793-07-04)July 4, 1793 – October 14, 1793 (aged 3 months)		Posthumous stepson; died of yellow fever, along with his biological father, in the 1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic [17]

James and Elizabeth Monroe

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Elizabeth Kortright Monroe Nickname: Eliza	December 1786 – January 27, 1840(1840-01-27) (aged 53) [18] [19]	George Hay	Mother of Hortensia Monroe Hay (1809–1834)
	James Spence Monroe	May 1799 – September 28, 1800(1800-09-28) (aged 1) [20] [a]	No spouse	Died after "several days sickness" [20]
	Maria Hester Monroe	(1802-04-08)April 8, 1802 – June 20, 1850(1850-06-20) (aged 48)	Samuel Laurence Gouverneur	Mother of: Hester Gouverneur (1821) James Monroe Gouverneur (1822–1885) Elizabeth Kortright Gouverneur (1824–1868) Samuel Laurence Gouverneur, Jr. (1826–1880)

John Quincy and Louisa Adams

Main article: Adams political family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	George Washington Adams	(1801-04-12)April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829(1829-04-30) (aged 28)	None [b]	Jumped off of a boat and drowned, believed to have been a suicide.
	John Adams II	(1803-07-04)July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834(1834-10-23) (aged 31)	Mary Catherine Hellen	Father of: Mary Louisa Adams (December 2, 1828 – July 16, 1859) Georgiana Frances Adams (September 10, 1830 – November 20, 1839)
	[22]	June 22, 1806	No spouse	Stillborn
	Charles Francis Adams Sr.	(1807-08-18)August 18, 1807 – November 21, 1886(1886-11-21) (aged 79)	Abigail Brown Brooks	Served as Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1861–1868) Father of: Louisa Catherine Adams (1831–1870) John Quincy Adams II (1833–1894) Charles Francis Adams Jr. (1835–1915) Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918) Arthur Adams (1841–1846) Mary Gardiner Adams (1845–1928) Peter Chardon Brooks Adams (1848–1927)
	Louisa Catherine Adams	(1811-08-12)August 12, 1811 – September 15, 1812(1812-09-15) (aged 1)	No spouse	Died in Saint Petersburg, Russia from an unknown illness while her father was serving as Minister to Russia [23] [24]

Andrew and Rachel Jackson

Main articles: Wards of Andrew Jackson and Indigenous members of the Andrew Jackson household

No biological children together, informally "adopted" four. ^[25] Andrew and Rachel also served as guardians to at least eight other children, and there were a total of 37 individuals who could be considered wards of Andrew Jackson. According to researcher Rachel Meredith, "Andrew Jr. was the only ward that he and Rachel considered to be a child of theirs." ^[26] Andrew Jackson Jr. is the only person listed as a descendant of Andrew and Rachel in family trees included in volume one of The Papers of Andrew Jackson and in Robert V. Remini's biographies. ^{[27] [28]}

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Andrew Jackson Jr.	(1808-12-04)December 4, 1808 – April 17, 1865(1865-04-17) (aged 56)	Sarah Yorke	Biological child of Rachel's brother Severn Donelson; adopted in infancy. Died of tetanus contracted in hunting accident. Father of five: Rachel Jackson Lawrence (1832–1923) Andrew Jackson III (1834–1906) Samuel Jackson (1837–1863) Thomas Jefferson Jackson (1841–1841) Robert Armstrong Jackson (1843–1843)
	Theodore	c. 1813 – before March 1814		Muscogee, possibly taken prisoner at Littafuchee, sent to live at the Hermitage as a companion for Andrew Jackson Jr.
	Charley	fl. February – April 1814		Indigenous or mixed-race orphan, tribal affiliation unknown; Charley was given to Jackson, perhaps as a tribute, and he was sent to live at the Hermitage as a companion to Andrew Jackson Donelson
	Lyncoya Jackson	c. 1811 – July 1, 1828 (aged 16)	No spouse, no children	Muscogee survivor of the Battle of Tallushatchee; died of tuberculosis.
	John Samuel Donelson	Before 1805–1817	No spouse, no children	Orphaned nephews of Rachel, sons of Samuel Donelson who died in 1804. Major General Daniel Smith Donelson died from chronic diarrhea outside of combat.
	Andrew Jackson Donelson	(1799-08-25)August 25, 1799 – June 26, 1871(1871-06-26) (aged 71)	Emily Tennessee Donelson
			Elizabeth Martin Randolph
	Daniel Smith Donelson	(1801-06-23)June 23, 1801 – April 17, 1863(1863-04-17) (aged 61)	Margaret Donelson
	Andrew Jackson Hutchings	1812 – 1841 (aged 28–29)	Mary Coffee	Orphaned grandnephew of Rachel
	Caroline Swanwick Butler	1789 – 1864 (aged 74–75)	Robert G. Bell	Orphaned children of family friend Edward Butler [29]
	Eliza Eleanor Butler	(1791-04-20)April 20, 1791 – November 4, 1850(1850-11-04) (aged 59)	John Donelson IV (1787–1840) [c]
	Edward George Washington Butler	(1800-02-22)February 22, 1800 – September 5, 1888(1888-09-05) (aged 88)	Frances Parke Lewis [d]
	Anthony Wayne Butler	1803 – September 1824 (aged 20–21)	No spouse, no children

Martin and Hannah Van Buren

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Abraham Van Buren II	(1807-11-27)November 27, 1807 – March 15, 1873(1873-03-15) (aged 65)	Angelica Singleton	Father of: Rebecca Van Buren (1840-1840) Singleton Van Buren (1841-1879) Infant Son Van Buren (1843-1843) Martin Van Buren II (1844-1885) Travis Coles Van Buren (1849-1889)
	John Van Buren	(1810-02-18)February 18, 1810 – October 13, 1866(1866-10-13) (aged 56)	Elizabeth Vanderpoel	Father of: Anna Van Buren (1842–1923)
	Martin Van Buren Jr. Nickname: Matt	(1812-12-20)December 20, 1812 – March 19, 1855(1855-03-19) (aged 42)	No spouse and no children	Died of tuberculosis
	Winfield Scott Van Buren	1814		Died in infancy
	Smith Thompson Van Buren	(1817-01-16)January 16, 1817 – December 10, 1876(1876-12-10) (aged 59)	Ellen King James	7 children between 2 wives
			Henrietta Eckford Irving
	[32]	c. 1807 or c. 1818	No spouse	Stillborn

William Henry and Anna Harrison

Main article: Harrison family of Virginia

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Elizabeth Bassett Harrison Nickname: Betsy	(1796-09-29)September 29, 1796 – September 27, 1846(1846-09-27) (aged 49)	John Cleves Short	Mother of: Mary Short (1815-1816)
	John Cleves Symmes Harrison	(1798-10-28)October 28, 1798 – October 30, 1830(1830-10-30) (aged 32)	Clarissa Pike [e]	Father of: Zebuline Adeline Pike Harrison (1821-1849) Anna Maria Symmes Harrison (1822-1849) Clara Harrison (1824-1883) Montgomery Pike Harrison (1826-1849) William Henry Harrison (1828-1900)
	Lucy Singleton Harrison	September 1800 – April 7, 1826(1826-04-07) (aged 25) [33]	David K. Este [34]	Mother of: William Harrison Este (1820-1820) Lucy Ann Harrison Este (1822-1868) David Este (1826-1826)
	William Henry Harrison Jr.	(1802-09-03)September 3, 1802 – February 6, 1838(1838-02-06) (aged 35) [33]	Jane Findlay Irwin	Father of Adeline Harrison (1823-1869) James Findlay Harrison (1825-1907) William Henry Harrison III (1826-1904)
	John Scott Harrison	(1804-10-04)October 4, 1804 – May 25, 1878(1878-05-25) (aged 73)	Lucretia Knapp Johnson	Father of Elizabeth Short Harrison (1825-1904) William Henry Harrison (1827-1829) Sarah Lucretia Harrison (1829-1917)
			Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin	Mother of Archibald Irwin Harrison (1832-1870) 23rd president (1889–1893) Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) Mary Jane Harrison (1836-1867) Anne Symmes Harrison (1837-1838) John Irwin Harrison (1839-1839) Carter Bassett Harrison (1840-1905) Anna Symmes Harrison (1842-1926) John Scott Harrison (1844-1926) James Findlay Harrison (1847-1848) James Irwin Harrison (1849-1850)
	Benjamin Harrison	1806 – June 9, 1840(1840-06-09) (aged 33–34) [33]	Louisa Smith Bonner	2 children
			Mary Raney	3 children
	Mary Symmes Harrison	(1809-01-22)January 22, 1809 – November 16, 1842(1842-11-16) (aged 33) [35]	John Henry Fitzhugh Thornton	6 children [36]
	Carter Bassett Harrison	(1811-10-26)October 26, 1811 – August 12, 1839(1839-08-12) (aged 27)	Mary Anne Sutherland	1 child
	Anna Tuthill Harrison	(1813-10-28)October 28, 1813 – July 5, 1845(1845-07-05) (aged 29) [35]	William Henry Harrison Taylor [f]	7 children
	James Findlay Harrison	(1818-06-21)June 21, 1818 – April 6, 1819(1819-04-06) (aged 0) [35]	No spouse	Died of unknown causes

William Henry Harrison and Dilsia (enslaved concubine)

Paternity unconfirmed as of 2024

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Dilsia Harrison	1809 – before 1900	Unknown	Daughter conceived by one of his slaves [37]
	Harrison ♀️ (I)
	Harrison ♀️ (II)
	Harrison ♀️ (III)
	Harrison ♀️ (IV)
	Marie Harrison	1840 – 1875(1875-00-00) (aged 34–35)	No spouse	Had 4 children with Augustus C. Ware (1830–1872). Grandmother of Walter Francis White, head of the NAACP

John and Letitia Tyler

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Mary Tyler	(1815-04-15)April 15, 1815 – June 17, 1847(1847-06-17) (aged 32)	Henry Lightfoot Jones	Mother of: John Tyler Jones (1836-1898) Robert Tyler Jones (1843-1895)
	Robert Tyler	(1816-09-09)September 9, 1816 – December 3, 1877(1877-12-03) (aged 61)	Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper	8 children
	John Tyler Jr.	(1819-04-27)April 27, 1819 – January 26, 1896(1896-01-26) (aged 76)	Martha Rochelle	3 children
	Letitia Christian Tyler Nickname: Letty	(1821-05-11)May 11, 1821 – December 28, 1907(1907-12-28) (aged 86)	James Allen Semple	No children
	Elizabeth Tyler Nickname: Lizzie	(1823-07-11)July 11, 1823 – June 1, 1850(1850-06-01) (aged 26)	William Nevison Waller	5 children
	Anne Contesse Tyler [38]	(1825-04-05)April 5, 1825 – July 1825 (aged 2–3 months)	No spouse	Died in infancy
	Alice Tyler	(1827-03-23)March 23, 1827 – June 8, 1854(1854-06-08) (aged 27)	Henry Mandeville Denison	1 daughter [39]
	Tazewell Tyler	(1830-01-08)January 8, 1830 – January 8, 1874(1874-01-08) (aged 43)	Nannie Bridges	1 daughter

John Tyler and multiple unidentified enslaved concubines

Paternity unconfirmed as of 2024. Abolitionist Joshua Leavitt reported the information about John Tyler and Charles Tyler. The claim that Tyler had fathered multiple children with slaves was largely ignored by 19th-century historians. In addition to the Dunjees, the Brown family of Charles City County claims descent from Tyler by an enslaved concubine. Biographer Edward P. Crapol states that Tyler's white descendants are skeptical of claims by the Browns. However, per Crapol, in light of the resolution of the Hemings–Jefferson controversy in favor of Hemings descendants, "claims that John Tyler fathered children by his slaves must be taken seriously and examined thoroughly." ^[40]

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Charles Tyler	Born c. 1810–1820? (est.)		Per Leavitt, escaped to Canada through Poughkeepsie, eventually moved to England as a servant of Governor-General John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham [40]
	John Tyler	Born c. 1815–1830? (est.)		Per Leavitt by way of a Baptist minister, John Tyler the younger had been sold out of Williamsburg to a new owner in Richmond; he claimed that he was one of several children Tyler fathered with his mother but "I reckon they are all sold before now." [40]
	John William Dunjee	1833 – April 19, 1903(1903-04-19) (aged 69–70)	Lydia Ann Taylor	Allegedly the son of John Tyler [41] Father of: Drusilla Dunjee Houston (1876–1941) Roscoe Dunjee (1883–1965)

John and Julia Tyler

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	David Gardiner Tyler Nickname: Gardie	(1846-07-12)July 12, 1846 – September 5, 1927(1927-09-05) (aged 81)	Mary Morris Jones	5 children
	John Alexander Tyler Nickname: Alex	(1848-04-07)April 7, 1848 – September 1, 1883(1883-09-01) (aged 35)	Sarah Griswold Gardiner	2 children
	Julia Gardiner Tyler	(1849-12-25)December 25, 1849 – May 8, 1871(1871-05-08) (aged 21)	William H. Spencer	Julia Tyler Spencer Cheever (1871–1955, born via coffin birth)
	Lachlan Tyler	(1851-12-02)December 2, 1851 – January 26, 1902(1902-01-26) (aged 50)	Georgia Webb Powell	No children
	Lyon Gardiner Tyler	(1853-08-24)August 24, 1853 – February 12, 1935(1935-02-12) (aged 81)	Anne Baker Tucker	Father of: Julia Gardiner Tyler (1881–1965) Elizabeth Gilmour Tyler (1885–1976) John Tyler (1889–1969)
			Sue Ruffin	Father of: Lyon Gardiner Tyler Jr. (1925–2020) Harrison Ruffin Tyler (1928–2025) Henry Tyler (1931)
	Robert Fitzwalter Tyler	(1856-03-12)March 12, 1856 – December 30, 1927(1927-12-30) (aged 71)	Fannie Glenn	At least 3 children
	Margaret Pearl Tyler	(1860-06-20)June 20, 1860 – June 30, 1947(1947-06-30) (aged 87)	William Munford Ellis	8 children

James and Sarah Polk

The Polks remain the only presidential couple to never have children (biologically, adopted, or from previous marriage).

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Marshall Tate Polk Jr.	(1831-05-15)May 15, 1831 – February 29, 1884(1884-02-29) (aged 52)	Evalina McNeal Bills	Guardianship/legal ward, nephew, son of brother Marshall Tate Polk
	Sarah Polk Fall	(1847-04-01)April 1, 1847 – July 22, 1924(1924-07-22) (aged 77)	George William Fall	Legal ward, shortly after the death of the president his widow unofficially adopted a great niece

Zachary and Margaret Taylor

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Ann Mackall Taylor	(1811-04-09)April 9, 1811 – December 2, 1875(1875-12-02) (aged 64)	Dr. Robert Crooke Wood	Mother of 4, including John Taylor Wood (1830–1904)
	Sarah Knox Taylor Nickname: Knoxie	(1814-03-06)March 6, 1814 – September 15, 1835(1835-09-15) (aged 21) [42]	Jefferson F. Davis	Died from malaria as a newlywed
	Octavia Pannel Taylor [43] [g]	(1816-08-16)August 16, 1816 – September 3, 1820(1820-09-03) (aged 4) [42]	No spouse	Died from malaria [h]
	Margaret Smith Taylor	(1819-07-17)July 17, 1819 – October 1820(1820-10-00) (aged 1)		Died from malaria [i]
	Mary Elizabeth Taylor Nickname: Betty	April 20, 1824 – July 25, 1909	William Wallace Smith Bliss	Betty Bliss served as President Taylor's White House hostess, as the First Lady was an invalid.
			Philip Pendleton Dandridge
	Richard Taylor Nickname: Dick	(1826-01-27)January 27, 1826 – April 17, 1879(1879-04-17) (aged 53) [42]	Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier	Father of Richard, Zachary, Louise, Elizabeth, and Myrthe

Millard and Abigail Fillmore

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Millard Powers Fillmore Nickname: Powers	(1828-04-25)April 25, 1828 – November 15, 1889(1889-11-15) (aged 61)	No spouse and no children	Last living descendant of President Fillmore [46]
	Mary Abigail Fillmore Nickname: Abby	(1832-03-27)March 27, 1832 – July 26, 1854(1854-07-26) (aged 22)		Served as Unofficial Acting First Lady during her mother's illness. Died of cholera

Fillmore's second wife was Caroline Fillmore but they had no children.

Franklin and Jane Pierce

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Franklin Pierce Jr.	(1836-02-02)February 2, 1836 – February 5, 1836 (aged 2 days)	No spouse	Died from complications to his birth
	Frank Robert Pierce	(1839-08-27)August 27, 1839 – November 14, 1843(1843-11-14) (aged 4)		Died of typhus after contracting it along with his brother
	Benjamin Pierce Nickname: Benny	(1841-04-13)April 13, 1841 – January 6, 1853(1853-01-06) (aged 11)		Died in a train accident in front of his parents, weeks before his father was inaugurated

James Buchanan

Buchanan never married or had children; he served as legal guardian of two nieces.

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Mary Elizabeth Speer Lane	1826 – 1855(1855-00-00) (aged 28–29)	George Washington Baker	Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane)
	Harriet Rebecca Lane	(1830-05-09)May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903(1903-07-03) (aged 73)	Henry Elliott Johnston	Adopted daughter; niece (daughter of sister Jane Buchanan and Elliot Tole Lane); served as Acting First Lady Mother of: James Buchanan Johnston (1866–1881) Henry Elliott Johnston (1870–1882)

Abraham and Mary Lincoln

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Robert Todd Lincoln	(1843-08-01)August 1, 1843 – July 26, 1926(1926-07-26) (aged 82)	Mary Eunice Harlan	Served as Secretary of War under the administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur. Father of: Mary Todd Lincoln (1869–1938) Abraham Lincoln II (1873–1890) Jessie Harlan Lincoln (1875–1948)
	Edward Baker Lincoln Nickname: Eddie	(1846-03-10)March 10, 1846 – February 1, 1850(1850-02-01) (aged 3)	No spouse	Died of "chronic consumption".
	William Wallace Lincoln Nickname: Willie	(1850-12-21)December 21, 1850 – February 20, 1862(1862-02-20) (aged 11)		Died from typhoid fever.
	Thomas Lincoln III Nickname: Tad	(1853-04-04)April 4, 1853 – July 15, 1871(1871-07-15) (aged 18)		The cause of Tad Lincoln's death has been reported as possibly any one of the following: tuberculosis, [47] pleuristic attack, [48] pneumonia [49] congestive heart failure [50]

Andrew and Eliza Johnson

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Martha Johnson	(1828-10-25)October 25, 1828 – July 10, 1901(1901-07-10) (aged 72)	David Trotter Patterson	Martha Johnson Patterson § Descendants: Andrew Johnson Patterson (1857–1932) Mary Belle Patterson Landstreet (1859–1891) [51]
	Charles Johnson	(1830-02-19)February 19, 1830 – April 4, 1863(1863-04-04) (aged 33)	No spouse and no children	Died while enlisted in American Civil War from horse-related violence. [52] [53]
	Mary Johnson	(1832-05-08)May 8, 1832 – April 19, 1883(1883-04-19) (aged 50)	Daniel Stover	Mary Johnson Stover § Descendants Eliza Johnson "Lillie" Stover Maloney (1855–1892) Sarah Drake Stover Bachman (1857–1886) Andrew Johnson Stover (1860–1923)
			William R. Brown
	Robert Johnson	(1834-02-22)February 22, 1834 – April 22, 1869(1869-04-22) (aged 35)	No spouse and no children
	Andrew Johnson Jr. Nickname: Frank	(1852-08-05)August 5, 1852 – March 12, 1879(1879-03-12) (aged 26)	Bessie May Rumbough	No children

Andrew and Dolly Johnson (enslaved concubine)

Andrew Johnson was most likely the father of Liz, Florence, and William Andrew by Dolly Johnson; paternity not confirmed as of 2024.

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Elizabeth Johnson Forby	March 1846 – October 3, 1905(1905-10-03) (aged 59)	George Forby	Mother of nine children (Elizabeth Johnson Forby § Descendants)
	Florence Johnson Smith	May 1850 – September 5, 1920(1920-09-05) (aged 70)	Henry Smith	Mother of four children (Florence Johnson Smith § Descendants)
	William Andrew Johnson	(1858-02-08)February 8, 1858 – May 16, 1943(1943-05-16) (aged 85)	No spouse and no children	Andrew Johnson's son Robert Johnson is listed as father on William Andrew Johnson's death certificate. [j] [56] [57]

Ulysses and Julia Grant

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Frederick Dent Grant	(1850-05-30)May 30, 1850 – April 12, 1912(1912-04-12) (aged 61)	Ida Marie Honoré	Father of: Julia Grant (1876–1975) Ulysses Simpson Grant III (1881–1968)
	Ulysses S. Grant Jr. Nickname: Buck	(1852-07-22)July 22, 1852 – September 25, 1929(1929-09-25) (aged 77)	Frances Josephine "Fannie" Chaffee	Father of 5: Miriam Grant (1881–1940) Chaffee Grant (1883–1940) Julia Dent Grant (1885–1964) Fannie Grant (1889–1924) Ulysses Simpson Grant IV (1893–1977)
			America Rosa Workman Will	No children
	Ellen Wrenshall Grant Nickname: Nellie	(1855-07-04)July 4, 1855 – August 30, 1922(1922-08-30) (aged 67)	Algernon Charles Frederick Sartoris	Mother of: Grant Grenville Edward Sartoris (1875–1876) Algernon Edward Sartoris (1877–1928) Vivien May Sartoris (1879–1933) Rosemary Alice Sartoris (1880–1914)
			Frank Hatch Jones	No children
	Jesse Root Grant II	(1858-02-06)February 6, 1858 – June 8, 1934(1934-06-08) (aged 76)	Elizabeth Mary Chapman	Father of: Nellie Grant (1881–1972) Chapman Grant (1887–1983)
			Lillian Burns Wilkins	No children

Rutherford and Lucy Hayes

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Birchard Austin Hayes	(1853-11-04)November 4, 1853 – January 24, 1926(1926-01-24) (aged 72)	Mary Nancy Sherman	Father of: Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1887–1888) Sherman Otis Hayes (1889–1949) Webb Cook Hayes II (1890–1957) Walter Sherman Hayes (1893–1976) Scott Russell Hayes (1894–1968)
	James Webb Cook Hayes Nickname: Webb	(1856-03-20)March 20, 1856 – July 26, 1934(1934-07-26) (aged 78)	Mary Otis Brinkerhoff Miller	No children
	Rutherford Platt Hayes	(1858-06-24)June 24, 1858 – July 31, 1927(1927-07-31) (aged 69)	Lucy Hayes Platt	Father of; Rutherford Birchard Hayes (1896–1902) William Platt Hayes (1897–1976) Birchard Platt Hayes (1902–1958)
	Joseph Thompson Hayes Nickname: Jody	(1861-12-21)December 21, 1861 – June 24, 1863(1863-06-24) (aged 1)	No spouse	Died of dysentery
	George Crook Hayes	(1864-09-29)September 29, 1864 – May 4, 1866(1866-05-04) (aged 1)		Died of scarlet fever
	Frances Hayes Nickname: Fanny	(1867-09-02)September 2, 1867 – March 18, 1950(1950-03-18) (aged 82)	Harry Eaton Smith	1 child; Dalton Smith Hayes (1898–1950)
	Scott Russell Hayes	(1871-02-08)February 8, 1871 – May 6, 1923(1923-05-06) (aged 52)	Maude Anderson	No children
	Manning Force Hayes	(1873-08-01)August 1, 1873 – August 28, 1874(1874-08-28) (aged 1) [58]	No spouse	Died in infancy, as a result of dysentery. [59]

James and Lucretia Garfield

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Eliza Arabella Garfield Nickname: Trot	(1860-07-03)July 3, 1860 – December 3, 1863(1863-12-03) (aged 3)	No spouse	Died of diphtheria. [60]
	Harry Augustus Garfield Nickname: Hal	(1863-10-11)October 11, 1863 – December 12, 1942(1942-12-12) (aged 79)	Belle Hartford Mason	Father of 4 children: James Garfield (1889–1976) Mason Garfield (1892–1945) Lucretia Garfield (1894–1968) Stanton Garfield (1895–1979)
	James Rudolph Garfield	(1865-10-17)October 17, 1865 – March 24, 1950(1950-03-24) (aged 84)	Helen Newell	Was Secretary of the Interior during Theodore Roosevelt's administration. Father of: John Newell Garfield (1892–1931) James Abram Garfield (1894–1969) Newell Garfield (1895–1975) Rudolph Hills Garfield (1899–1946)
	Mary Garfield Nickname: Mollie	(1867-01-16)January 16, 1867 – December 30, 1947(1947-12-30) (aged 80)	Joseph Stanley-Brown	Mother of: [61] Rudolph Stanley-Brown (1889–1944) Ruth Stanley-Brown (1892–1981) Margaret "Peggy" Stanley-Brown (1895–1958)
	Irvin McDowell Garfield	(1870-08-03)August 3, 1870 – July 18, 1951(1951-07-18) (aged 80)	Susan Emmons	Father of 3: Eleanor Garfield (1908–2002) Jane Garfield (1910–2004) Irvin McDowell Garfield Jr. (1913–1985)
	Abram Garfield	(1872-11-21)November 21, 1872 – October 16, 1958(1958-10-16) (aged 85)	Sarah Granger Williams	Father of: Edward Williams Garfield (1899–1979) Mary Louise Garfield (1903–1991)
			Helen Grannis Matthews	No children
	Edward Garfield	(1874-12-25)December 25, 1874 – October 25, 1876(1876-10-25) (aged 1)	No spouse	Died of whooping cough.

Chester and Ellen Arthur

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	William Lewis Arthur	(1860-10-10)October 10, 1860 – July 7, 1863(1863-07-07) (aged 2)	No spouse	Died of convulsions.
	Chester Alan Arthur II Nickname: Alan	(1864-07-25)July 25, 1864 – July 18, 1937(1937-07-18) (aged 72)	Myra Townsend	Father of: Chester Alan "Gavin" Arthur III (1901–1972) Ellen "Myra" Arthur (1904)
			Rowena Graves
	Ellen Hansbrough Herndon Arthur Nickname: Nell	(1871-11-21)November 21, 1871 – September 6, 1915(1915-09-06) (aged 43)	Charles Pinkerton	No children

Grover Cleveland and Maria Halpin

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Dr. James Edward King Jr. Birth name: Oscar Folsom Cleveland	(1874-09-15)September 15, 1874 – March 9, 1947(1947-03-09) (aged 72)	Rose A. Kleinschmidt Weber (divorced); no children	Illegitimate son of Cleveland with Maria Halpin; adopted as a baby by the doctor who supervised the asylum where Halpin was confined during pregnancy.

Grover and Frances Cleveland

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Ruth Cleveland Nickname: Baby Ruth	(1891-10-03)October 3, 1891 – January 7, 1904(1904-01-07) (aged 12)	No spouse	Died of diphtheria.
	Esther Cleveland	(1893-09-09)September 9, 1893 – June 25, 1980(1980-06-25) (aged 86)	William Sydney Bence Bosanquet	Born during second presidency of Grover Cleveland. First presidential child to be born during a presidency, and only one born in the White House (owing epithet of the "White House Baby"). Mother of: Marion Frances Daniel, née Bosanquet (1919–2016) Philippa Foot, née Bosanquet (1920–2010)
	Marion Cleveland	(1895-07-07)July 7, 1895 – March 10, 1977(1977-03-10) (aged 81)	William Stanley Dell	Born during second presidency of Grover Cleveland. Mother of Frances Folsom Dell (1920–2005). [62]
			John Harlan Amen	Mother of Grover Cleveland Amen (1932–1997)
	Richard Folsom Cleveland Nickname: Dick	(1897-10-28)October 28, 1897 – January 10, 1974(1974-01-10) (aged 76)	Ellen Douglas Gailor	Father of: Ann Mary Cleveland (1925–2015) Thomas Grover Cleveland (1927–2020) Charlotte Gailor Cleveland (1930–2007)
			Jessie Maxwell Black	Father of: Frances Black Cleveland (born 1946) George Maxwell Cleveland (born 1952) Margaret Folsom Cleveland (1956–2021)
	Francis Grover Cleveland	(1903-07-18)July 18, 1903 – November 8, 1995(1995-11-08) (aged 92)	Alice Erdman	Father of Marion C. Cleveland (1925–2014)

Benjamin and Caroline Harrison

Main article: Harrison family of Virginia

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Russell Benjamin Harrison	(1854-08-12)August 12, 1854 – December 13, 1936(1936-12-13) (aged 82)	May Angeline Saunders	Born Russell Farnum Lord Harrison Father of: Marthena Serviller Harrison (1888–1972) William Henry Harrison III (1896–1990)
	Mary Scott Harrison Nickname: Mamie	(1858-04-03)April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930(1930-10-28) (aged 72)	James Robert McKee	Served as acting First Lady Mother of: Benjamin Harrison McKee (1887–1958) Mary Lodge McKee Reisinger (1888–1967)
	Unnamed daughter	June 13, 1861	No spouse	Stillborn

Benjamin and Mary Harrison

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Elizabeth Harrison Walker	(1897-02-21)February 21, 1897 – December 25, 1955(1955-12-25) (aged 58)	James Blaine Walker	Mother of: Benjamin Harrison Walker (1921–1995) Jane Harrison Walker Garfield (1929–2020)

William and Ida McKinley

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Katherine McKinley Nickname: Katie	(1871-12-25)December 25, 1871 – June 25, 1875(1875-06-25) (aged 3)	No spouse	Died of typhoid fever.
	Ida McKinley	April 1 – August 22, 1873 (aged 4 months)	No spouse	Died in infancy.

20th century

Theodore and Alice Roosevelt

Main article: Roosevelt family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Alice Lee Roosevelt Nickname: Lee	(1884-02-12)February 12, 1884 – February 20, 1980(1980-02-20) (aged 96)	Nicholas Longworth	Longest lived of any First Child. Mother of Paulina Longworth (1925–1957), [63] with William Borah.

Theodore and Edith Roosevelt

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Nickname: Ted	(1887-09-13)September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944(1944-07-12) (aged 56)	Eleanor Butler Alexander	Governor-General of the Philippines, Governor of Puerto Rico, and Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Died from a heart attack outside of combat. Father of: Grace Roosevelt (1911–1994) Theodore Roosevelt III (1914–2001) Cornelius "Corney" Van Schaack Roosevelt (1915–1991) Quentin Roosevelt II (1919–1948)
	Kermit Roosevelt	(1889-10-10)October 10, 1889 – June 4, 1943(1943-06-04) (aged 53)	Belle Wyatt Willard [63]	Committed suicide while enlisted during World War II. Father of: Kermit "Kim" Roosevelt Jr. (1916–2000) Joseph Willard Roosevelt (1918–2008) Belle Wyatt Roosevelt (1919–1985) Dirck Roosevelt (1925–1953)
	Ethel Carow Roosevelt	(1891-08-13)August 13, 1891 – December 10, 1977(1977-12-10) (aged 86)	Richard Derby	Mother of: Richard Derby Jr. (1914–1922) [63] Edith Roosevelt Derby (1917–2008) Sarah Alden Derby (1920–1999) [63] Judith Quentin Derby (1923–1973) [63]
	Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt Nickname: Archie	(1894-04-10)April 10, 1894 – October 13, 1979(1979-10-13) (aged 85)	Grace Lockwood	Father of: Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt Jr. (1918–1990) Theodora Roosevelt (1919–2008) Nancy Dabney Roosevelt (1923–2010) Edith Kermit Roosevelt (1927–2003)
	Quentin Roosevelt Nickname: Quentyquee or Quinikins	(1897-11-19)November 19, 1897 – July 14, 1918(1918-07-14) (aged 20)	No spouse and no children	Killed in aerial combat in World War I. While not the First Child to die during military service, he was only one to be killed in action.

William and Helen Taft

Main article: Taft family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Robert Alphonso Taft	(1889-09-08)September 8, 1889 – July 31, 1953(1953-07-31) (aged 63)	Martha Wheaton Bowers	U.S. senator (1939–1953) and Senate Majority Leader (1953) Father of: William Howard Taft III (1915–1991) Robert A. Taft (1917–1993) Lloyd Bowers Taft (1923–1985) Horace Dwight Taft (1925–1983)
	Helen Herron Taft Nickname: Helene	(1891-08-01)August 1, 1891 – February 21, 1987(1987-02-21) (aged 95)	Frederick Johnson Manning	Mother of: Helen Taft Manning (1921–2013) Caroline Manning (1925–2020)
	Charles Phelps Taft II Nickname: Charlie	(1897-09-20)September 20, 1897 – June 24, 1983(1983-06-24) (aged 85)	Eleanor Kellogg Chase	Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio Father of: Eleanor Kellogg Taft (1918–2004) Sylvia Howard Taft (1920–2008) Seth Chase Taft (1922–2013) Lucia Chase Taft (1924–1955) Cynthia Herron Taft (1928–2013) Rosalyn Rawson Taft (1930–1941) Peter Rawson Taft III (born 1936)

Woodrow and Ellen Wilson

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Margaret Woodrow Wilson Religious name: निष्ठा Nistha	(1886-04-16)April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944(1944-02-12) (aged 57)	No spouse	Served as acting First Lady for a brief period. Emigrated to India for religious purposes, where she died of uremia.
	Jessie Woodrow Wilson	(1887-08-28)August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933(1933-01-15) (aged 45)	Francis Bowes Sayre Sr.	Mother of: Francis Bowes Sayre Jr. (1915–2008) Eleanor Axson Sayre (1916–2001) Woodrow Wilson Sayre (1919–2002)
	Eleanor Randolph Wilson	(1889-10-16)October 16, 1889 – April 5, 1967(1967-04-05) (aged 77)	William Gibbs McAdoo	Mother of: Ellen Wilson McAdoo (1915–1946) Mary Faith McAdoo (1920–1988)

Wilson's second wife Edith Wilson, with her first husband Norman Galt, had one son, who died in infancy before her marriage to Wilson.

Warren G. and Florence Harding

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Marshall Eugene DeWolfe Nickname: Pete	(1880-09-22)September 22, 1880 – January 1, 1915(1915-01-01) (aged 34)	Esther Naomi Neely	Stepson from Florence's first marriage, to Henry Athenton DeWolfe Father of: Eugenia DeWolfe (1911–1978) George Warren DeWolfe (1914–1968)

Warren G. Harding and Nan Britton

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Elizabeth Ann Britton Nicknames: Emma, Ann	(1919-10-22)October 22, 1919 – November 17, 2005(2005-11-17) (aged 86)	Henry Edward Blaesing	Illegitimate daughter of Warren G. Harding, proven by DNA testing in 2015 [64] Mother of: Thomas Jay Blaesing (born 1947) James Edward Blaesing (born 1950) Philip Alan Blaesing (born 1954)

Calvin and Grace Coolidge

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	John Coolidge	(1906-09-07)September 7, 1906 – May 31, 2000(2000-05-31) (aged 93)	Florence Trumbull	Father of: Cynthia Coolidge Jeter (1933–1989) Lydia Coolidge Sayles (1939–2001)
	Calvin Coolidge Jr.	(1908-04-13)April 13, 1908 – July 7, 1924(1924-07-07) (aged 16)	No spouse	Died of blood poisoning

Herbert and Lou Hoover

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Herbert Charles Hoover Jr.	(1903-08-04)August 4, 1903 – July 9, 1969(1969-07-09) (aged 65)	Margaret Ava Watson	Served as Under Secretary of State (October 4, 1954 – February 5, 1957) in the Eisenhower administration Variously named as "Herbert Hoover, Jr.," [65] "Herbert Charles Hoover," [66] and "Herbert Clark Hoover" [67] Father of: Margaret Ann Hoover (1926–2011) Herbert "Pete" Hoover III (1927–2010) Joan Leslie Hoover (1930–2002)
	Allan Henry Hoover	(1907-07-17)July 17, 1907 – November 4, 1993(1993-11-04) (aged 86)	Margaret Coberly	Father of: Allan Henry Hoover Jr. (1938–2013) Andrew Hoover (born 1940) Lou Henry Hoover (1943–2012)

Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt

Main article: Roosevelt family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes
	Anna Eleanor Roosevelt	(1906-05-03)May 3, 1906 – December 1, 1975(1975-12-01) (aged 69)	Curtis Bean Dall	Mother of: Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (born 1927) [63] Curtis Roosevelt (1930–2016) [63]
			Clarence John Boettiger	Mother of John Roosevelt Boettiger (born 1939) [63]
			James Addison Halsted	No children with James Halsted
	James Roosevelt Nickname: Jimmy	(1907-12-23)December 23, 1907 – August 13, 1991(1991-08-13) (aged 83)	Betsey Maria Cushing [63]	Father of: Sara Delano Roosevelt (1932–2021) [63] Kate Roosevelt (1936–2002)
			Romelle Theresa Schneider	Father of: James Roosevelt Jr. (born 1945) Michael Anthony Roosevelt (born 1946) Anna Eleanor "Anne" Roosevelt (born 1948) [63]
			Gladys Irene Owens	Father of Hall Delano Roosevelt (born 1959)
			Mary Lena Winskill	Father of Rebecca Mary Roosevelt (born 1971)
	Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (I)	(1909-03-18)March 18, 1909 – November 8, 1909 (aged 7 months)	No spouse	Died as an infant.
	Elliott Roosevelt	(1910-09-23)September 23, 1910 – October 27, 1990(1990-10-27) (aged 80)	Elizabeth Browning Donner	Father of William Donner Roosevelt (1932–2003) [63]
			Ruth Josephine Googins	Father of: Ruth "Lindsley" Chandler Roosevelt (1934–2018) [63] Elliott "Tony" Roosevelt Jr. (born 1936) [63] David Boynton Roosevelt (1942–2022) [68]
			Faye Margaret Emerson	No children with Faye Emerson
			Minnewa Bell	No children with Minnewa Bell
			Patricia Peabody Whitehead	Father of Livingston Delano Roosevelt (March 16–21, 1962). Adopted four stepchildren from Patricia Peabody Roosevelt's first marriage.
	Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (II)	(1914-08-17)August 17, 1914 – (1988-08-17)August 17, 1988 (74th birthday)	Ethel du Pont	Father of: Franklin Delano Roosevelt III (born 1938) [63] Christopher du Pont Roosevelt (born 1941) [63]
			Suzanne Perrin	Father of: Nancy Suzanne Roosevelt (born 1952) [63] Laura Delano Roosevelt (born 1959) [63]
			Felicia Schiff Warburg	No children with Felicia Warburg Roosevelt
			Patricia Luisa Oakes	Father of John Alexander Roosevelt (born 1977) [63]
			Linda McKay Stevenson	No children with Linda Stevenson Roosevelt
	John Aspinwall Roosevelt II	(1916-03-13)March 13, 1916 – April 27, 1981(1981-04-27) (aged 65)	Anne Lindsay Clark	Father of: Haven Clark Roosevelt (born 1940) [63] Anne Sturgis "Nina" Roosevelt (born 1942) [63] Sara Delano "Sally" Roosevelt (1946–1960) [63] Joan Lindsay Roosevelt (1952–1997) [63]
			Irene Elder Boyd	No children with Irene Boyd Roosevelt

Harry and Bess Truman

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Note	Place of birth
	Mary Margaret Truman	(1924-02-17)February 17, 1924 – January 29, 2008(2008-01-29) (aged 83)	Elbert Clifton Daniel Jr.	Mother of: Clifton Truman Daniel (born 1957) William Wallace Daniel (1959–2000) Harrison Gates Daniel (born 1963) Thomas Washington Daniel (born 1966)	Independence, Missouri

Dwight and Mamie Eisenhower

Main article: Family of Dwight D. Eisenhower

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Doud Dwight Eisenhower Nickname: Icky	(1917-09-24)September 24, 1917 – January 2, 1921(1921-01-02) (aged 3)	No spouse	Died of scarlet fever.	San Antonio, Texas
	John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower	(1922-08-03)August 3, 1922 – December 21, 2013(2013-12-21) (aged 91)	Barbara Jean Thompson	Ambassador to Belgium (1969–1971). Father of: Dwight David Eisenhower II (born 1948) Barbara Anne Eisenhower (1949–2022) Susan Elaine Eisenhower (born 1951) Mary Jean Eisenhower (born 1955)	Denver, Colorado
			Joanne Thompson	No children

John and Jacqueline Kennedy

Main article: Kennedy family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Arabella Kennedy	August 23, 1956	No spouse	Stillborn daughter	Newport Hospital, Rhode Island [69]
	Caroline Bouvier Kennedy	Born (1957-11-27) November 27, 1957 (age 67)	Edwin Arthur Schlossberg	Ambassador to Japan (2013–2017) and Ambassador to Australia (2022–2024) Mother of: Rose Kennedy Schlossberg (born 1988) Tatiana Celia Kennedy Schlossberg (born 1990) John Bouvier "Jack" Kennedy Schlossberg (born 1993)	Manhattan, New York
	John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. Nickname: John-John	(1960-11-25)November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999(1999-07-16) (aged 38)	Carolyn Jeanne Bessette	Killed in a plane crash. No children	Washington, D.C.
	Patrick Bouvier Kennedy	(1963-08-07)August 7, 1963 – August 9, 1963 (aged 39 hours)	No spouse	Died after a premature birth. The third First Child to have both been born during their parent's presidency, and only one to have died in said presidency.	Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts

Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Lynda Bird Johnson [70]	Born (1944-03-19) March 19, 1944 (age 81)	Charles Spittal Robb [70]	Currently the oldest living presidential child. Mother of: Lucinda Desha Robb (born 1968) [70] Catherine Lewis Robb (born 1970) [70] Jennifer Wickliffe Robb (born 1978) [70]	Washington, D.C.
	Lucy Baines Johnson [70] Nickname: Luci	Born (1947-07-02) July 2, 1947 (age 78)	Patrick John Nugent	Mother of: Patrick Lyndon Nugent (born 1967) Nicole Marie Nugent (born 1970) Rebekah Johnson Nugent (born 1974) Claudia Taylor Nugent (born 1976)
			Ian Johnstone Turpin	One stepson: Stuart Leonard Turpin (born 1978)

Richard and Pat Nixon

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Patricia Nixon Nickname: Tricia	Born (1946-02-21) February 21, 1946 (age 79)	Edward Ridley Finch Cox	Mother of Christopher Nixon Cox (born 1979)	Whittier, California
	Julie Nixon	Born (1948-07-05) July 5, 1948 (age 77)	Dwight David Eisenhower II son of John Eisenhower and grandson of President Dwight Eisenhower	Mother of: Jennie Elizabeth Eisenhower (born 1978) Alexander Richard Eisenhower (born 1980) Melanie Catherine Eisenhower (born 1984)	Washington, D.C.

Gerald and Betty Ford

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Michael Gerald Ford	Born (1950-03-14) March 14, 1950 (age 75)	Gayle Ann Brumbaugh	Father of: Sarah Joyce Ford (born 1979) Rebekah Elizabeth Ford (born 1982) Hannah Gayle Ford (born 1985)	East Grand Rapids, Michigan
	John Gardner Ford Nickname: Jack	Born (1952-03-16) March 16, 1952 (age 73)	Juliann Felando	Father of: Christian Gerald Ford (born 1997) Jonathan August Ford (born 1999)
	Steven Meigs Ford	Born (1956-05-19) May 19, 1956 (age 69)	No spouse, no children
	Susan Elizabeth Ford	Born (1957-07-06) July 6, 1957 (age 68)	Charles Vance	Mother of: Tyne Mary Vance (born 1980) Heather Elizabeth Vance (born 1983)	Washington, D.C.
			Vaden Bales	No children with Vaden Bales

Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	John William Carter Nickname: Jack	Born (1947-07-03) July 3, 1947 (age 78)	Juliet “Judy” Langford	Father of: Jason James Carter (born 1975) Sarah Rosemary Carter (born 1978) [71]	Portsmouth, Virginia
			Elizabeth Brasfield	Two stepchildren: John Chuldenko and Sarah Chuldenko Reynolds
	James Earl Carter III Nickname: Chip, Jim III, and Jimmy Jr.	Born (1950-04-12) April 12, 1950 (age 75)	Caron Griffin	Father of: James Earl Carter IV (born 1977) [71]	Honolulu, Hawaii
			Ginger Hodges	Father of: Margaret Alicia Carter (born 1987) [71]
			Becky Payne	One stepson: Casey Payne Gallagher (born 1985)
	Donnel Jeffrey Carter Nickname: Jeff	Born (1952-08-18) August 18, 1952 (age 73)	Annette Jene Davis (1952–2021)	Father of: Joshua Jeffrey Carter (born 1984) [71] Jeremy Davis Carter (1987–2015) James Carlton Carter (born 1991) [71]	New London, Connecticut
	Amy Lynn Carter	Born (1967-10-19) October 19, 1967 (age 57)	James Gregory Wentzel	Mother of Hugo James Wentzel (born 1999) [71]	Plains, Georgia
			John Joseph "Jay" Kelly	Mother of Errol Carter Kelly (born 2010)

Ronald Reagan and Jane Wyman

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Maureen Elizabeth Reagan	(1941-01-04)January 4, 1941 – August 8, 2001(2001-08-08) (aged 60)	John Filippone	No children	Los Angeles, California
			David Sills	No children
			Dennis C. Revell	Mother of Margaret "Rita" Mirembe Revell (born 1985) (adopted)
	Michael Edward Reagan Nickname: Mike	Born (1945-03-18) March 18, 1945 (age 80)	Pamela Gail Putnam	Adopted son. No children
			Colleen Sterns	Father of: Cameron Michael Reagan (born 1978) Ashley Marie Reagan (born 1983)
	Christine Reagan	(1947-06-26)June 26, 1947 – June 27, 1947 (aged 1 day)	No spouse	Died shortly after birth.

Ronald and Nancy Reagan

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Place of birth
	Patricia Ann Davis Nickname: Patti	Born (1952-10-21) October 21, 1952 (age 72)	Paul Grilley No children	Los Angeles, California
	Ronald Prescott Reagan Nickname: Ron	Born (1958-05-20) May 20, 1958 (age 67)	Doria Palmieri No children
			Federica Basangi No children

George H. W. and Barbara Bush

Main article: Bush family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	George Walker Bush 43rd president (2001–2009)	Born (1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 79)	Laura Lane Welch	46th governor of Texas (1995–2000) and 43rd president of the United States See below at George W. and Laura Bush	New Haven, Connecticut
	Pauline Robinson Bush Nickname: Robin	(1949-12-20)December 20, 1949 – October 11, 1953(1953-10-11) (aged 3)	No spouse	Died of leukemia.	Compton, California
	John Ellis Bush Nickname: Jeb	Born (1953-02-11) February 11, 1953 (age 72)	Columba Garnica Gallo	43rd governor of Florida (1999–2007) Father of: George Prescott Bush (born 1976) Noelle Lucila Bush (born 1977) John Ellis "Jebby" Bush Jr. (born 1983)	Midland, Texas
	Neil Mallon Bush	Born (1955-01-22) January 22, 1955 (age 70)	Sharon Smith	Father of: Lauren Pierce Bush (born 1984) Pierce Mallon Bush (born 1986) Ashley Walker Bush (born 1989)
			Maria Manass Andrews	Three stepchildren from Maria A. Bush's first marriage: Elizabeth Dwen "Lizzie" Andrews (born 1991) Robert "Pace" Andrews II (born 1994) Thomas Alexander "Alex" Andrews (born 2001)
	Marvin Pierce Bush	Born (1956-10-22) October 22, 1956 (age 68)	Margaret Conway Molster	Father of: Marshall Lloyd Bush (born 1986) (adopted) Charles Walker Bush (born 1989) (adopted)
	Dorothy Walker Bush Nickname: Doro	Born (1959-08-18) August 18, 1959 (age 66)	William LeBlond	Mother of: Samuel Bush "Sam" LeBlond (born 1984) Nancy Ellis "Ellie" LeBlond (born 1986)	Harris County, Texas
			Robert P. Koch	Mother of: Robert David Koch (born 1993) Georgia Grace "Gigi" Koch (born 1996)

Bill and Hillary Clinton

Main article: Clinton family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Chelsea Victoria Clinton	Born (1980-02-27) February 27, 1980 (age 45)	Marc Mezvinsky	Mother of: Charlotte Clinton Mezvinsky (born 2014) Aidan Clinton Mezvinsky (born 2016) Jasper Clinton Mezvinsky (born 2019)	Little Rock, Arkansas

21st century

George W. and Laura Bush

Main article: Bush family

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Barbara Pierce Bush	Born (1981-11-25) November 25, 1981 (age 43)	Craig Louis Coyne	Only known twin First Children along with her younger twin sister, Jenna. Mother of: Cora Georgia Coyne (born 2021) Edward Finn Coyne (born 2024)	Dallas, Texas
	Jenna Welch Bush		Henry Chase Hager	Only known twin First Children along with her older twin sister, Barbara. Mother of: Margaret Laura "Mila" Hager (born 2013) Poppy Louise Hager (born 2015) Henry "Hal" Harold Hager (born 2019)

Barack and Michelle Obama

Main article: Family of Barack Obama

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Malia Ann Obama	Born (1998-07-04) July 4, 1998 (age 27)	Unmarried		Chicago, Illinois
	Natasha Marian Obama Nickname: Sasha	Born (2001-06-10) June 10, 2001 (age 24)

Donald and Ivana Trump

Main article: Family of Donald Trump

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Donald John Trump Jr. Nickname: Don Jr.	Born (1977-12-31) December 31, 1977 (age 47)	Vanessa Kay Haydon Divorced	Trustee of The Trump Organization along with Eric. Father of: Kai Madison Trump (born 2007) Donald John Trump III (born 2009) Tristan Milos Trump (born 2011) Spencer Frederick Trump (born 2012) Chloe Sophia Trump (born 2014)	Manhattan, New York
	Ivana Marie Trump Nickname: Ivanka	Born (1981-10-30) October 30, 1981 (age 43)	Jared Corey Kushner	Senior Advisor to the President (2017–2021) Mother of: Arabella Rose Kushner (born 2011) Joseph Frederick Kushner (born 2013) Theodore James Kushner (born 2016)
	Eric Frederick Trump	Born (1984-01-06) January 6, 1984 (age 41)	Lara Lea Yunaska	Trustee of The Trump Organization along with Don Jr. Father of: Eric Luke Trump (born 2017) Carolina Dorothy Trump (born 2019)

Donald Trump and Marla Maples

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Tiffany Ariana Trump	Born (1993-10-13) October 13, 1993 (age 31)	Michael Boulos	Mother of: Alexander Trump Boulos (born 2025) [72]	West Palm Beach, Florida

Donald and Melania Trump

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Barron William Trump	Born (2006-03-20) March 20, 2006 (age 19)	Unmarried	Youngest living child of any president [73]	Manhattan, New York

Joe and Neilia Hunter Biden

Main article: Family of Joe Biden

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Joseph Robinette Biden III Nickname: Beau	(1969-02-03)February 3, 1969 – May 30, 2015(2015-05-30) (aged 46)	Hallie Olivere	Attorney General of Delaware (2007–2015). Died of glioblastoma; most recently deceased First Child. Father of: Natalie Naomi Biden (born 2004) Robert Hunter Biden II (born 2006)	Wilmington, Delaware
	Robert Hunter Biden Nickname: Hunter	Born (1970-02-04) February 4, 1970 (age 55)	Kathleen Buhle Divorced	Father of: Naomi King Biden (born 1993) Finnegan James Biden (born 2000) Roberta Mabel "Maisy" Biden (born 2001)
			Lunden Roberts	Father of: Navy Joan Roberts (born 2018) [74]
			Melissa Cohen	Father of: Joseph Robinette "Beau" Biden IV (born 2020)
	Naomi Christina Biden Nickname: Amy	(1971-11-08)November 8, 1971 – December 18, 1972(1972-12-18) (aged 1)	No spouse	Died in a car accident with her mother.

Joe and Jill Biden

Child		Lifetime	Spouse	Notes	Place of birth
	Ashley Blazer Biden	Born (1981-06-08) June 8, 1981 (age 44)	Howard David Krein	No children	Wilmington, Delaware

Living presidential children

As of October 2025, 33 presidential children are living. In order of their ages, they are:   Current first child

Name	Birth	President
Lynda Bird Johnson Robb	(1944-03-19) March 19, 1944 (age 81)	Lyndon B. Johnson
Michael Reagan	(1945-03-18) March 18, 1945 (age 80)	Ronald Reagan
Tricia Nixon Cox	(1946-02-21) February 21, 1946 (age 79)	Richard Nixon
George W. Bush	(1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 79)	George H. W. Bush
Luci Baines Johnson	(1947-07-02) July 2, 1947 (age 78)	Lyndon B. Johnson
Jack Carter	(1947-07-03) July 3, 1947 (age 78)	Jimmy Carter
Julie Nixon Eisenhower	(1948-07-05) July 5, 1948 (age 77)	Richard Nixon
Michael Gerald Ford	(1950-03-14) March 14, 1950 (age 75)	Gerald Ford
James Earl Carter III	(1950-04-12) April 12, 1950 (age 75)	Jimmy Carter
John Gardner Ford	(1952-03-16) March 16, 1952 (age 73)	Gerald Ford
Jeff Carter	(1952-08-18) August 18, 1952 (age 73)	Jimmy Carter
Patti Davis	(1952-10-21) October 21, 1952 (age 72)	Ronald Reagan
Jeb Bush	(1953-02-11) February 11, 1953 (age 72)	George H. W. Bush
Neil Bush	(1955-01-22) January 22, 1955 (age 70)
Steven Ford	(1956-05-19) May 19, 1956 (age 69)	Gerald Ford
Marvin Bush	(1956-10-22) October 22, 1956 (age 68)	George H. W. Bush
Susan Ford Bales	(1957-07-06) July 6, 1957 (age 68)	Gerald Ford
Caroline Kennedy	(1957-11-27) November 27, 1957 (age 67)	John F. Kennedy
Ron Reagan	(1958-05-20) May 20, 1958 (age 67)	Ronald Reagan
Dorothy Bush Koch	(1959-08-18) August 18, 1959 (age 66)	George H. W. Bush
Amy Carter	(1967-10-19) October 19, 1967 (age 57)	Jimmy Carter
Hunter Biden	(1970-02-04) February 4, 1970 (age 55)	Joe Biden
Donald Trump Jr.	(1977-12-31) December 31, 1977 (age 47)	Donald Trump
Chelsea Clinton	(1980-02-27) February 27, 1980 (age 45)	Bill Clinton
Ashley Biden	(1981-06-08) June 8, 1981 (age 44)	Joe Biden
Ivanka Trump	(1981-10-30) October 30, 1981 (age 43)	Donald Trump
Barbara Pierce Bush	(1981-11-25) November 25, 1981 (age 43)	George W. Bush
Jenna Bush Hager
Eric Trump	(1984-01-06) January 6, 1984 (age 41)	Donald Trump
Tiffany Trump	(1993-10-13) October 13, 1993 (age 31)
Malia Obama	(1998-07-04) July 4, 1998 (age 27)	Barack Obama
Sasha Obama	(2001-06-10) June 10, 2001 (age 24)
Barron Trump	(2006-03-20) March 20, 2006 (age 19)	Donald Trump

The most recent presidential child to die was Beau Biden, the eldest son of Joe Biden, who died on May 30, 2015, at the age of 46, before his father became president. The most recent presidential child to die who lived during their father's presidency was John Eisenhower, the only surviving son of Dwight D. Eisenhower, who died on December 21, 2013, at the age of 91. He was also the father-in-law of Julie Nixon Eisenhower, another presidential child.

See also

• Society of Presidential Descendants

Notes

1. James Monroe wrote that his only son died on September 28, 1800. The date of September 28, 1801 that is said to appear on the James Spence Monroe cenotaph in the St. John's Episcopal Church (Richmond, Virginia) churchyard is not contemporaneous to the child's death, the location of the actual grave remains unknown. ^[21]
2. He had a mistress, Eliza Dolph, who had a child, but it is unclear who the baby's father was.
3. John Donelson IV was a nephew of Rachel Donelson Jackson, son of John Donelson III and Mary Purnell. ^[30]
4. Frances Parke Lewis was the step great-granddaughter of George Washington ^[31]
5. Clarissa Pike was the daughter of Zebulon Pike, who discovered Pike's Peak
6. William Henry Harrison Taylor was Anna Tuthill Harrison's cousin
7. Some sources spell this name as Octavia Pannill Taylor. ^[44]
8. Octavia's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever." ^[45]
9. Margaret's illness was described by her father as "bilious fever." ^[45]
10. Though Andrew Johnson's son Robert was listed on William Andrew Johnson's death certificate as being William Andrew's father, many historians theorize that Andrew Johnson was the actual father of William Andrew Johnson. ^{[54] [55]}

References

1. Sheynkin, Yefim; Melquist, Jonathan; Gioia, Kevin; Schulsinger, David (April 2011). "1042 Childless White House: Infertile American Presidents" . Journal of Urology. 185 (4S). doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1078. ISSN   0022-5347.
2. Phillips, Amber (August 13, 2015). "Warren Harding and 5 other presidents who have faced 'love child' questions". The Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved March 19, 2025.
3. "The Illegitimate Children of American Presidents". The Daily Beast. August 13, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
4. Fling, Sarah. "The Formerly Enslaved Households of President Andrew Johnson". WHHA (en-US). Retrieved March 19, 2025.
5. Peterson, Dawn (2017). "5. Adoption in Andrew Jackson's Empire". Indians in the Family: Adoption and the Politics of Antebellum Expansion. Harvard University Press. doi:10.4159/9780674978720. ISBN   978-0-674-97872-0.
6. Onion, Rebecca (April 29, 2016). "Andrew Jackson's Adopted Indian Son". Slate. ISSN   1091-2339 . Retrieved March 19, 2025.
7. Bomboy, Scot (November 21, 2016). "Presidential nepotism debate goes back to the Founders' time - Constitution Center". National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
8. Good, Cassandra A. (October 12, 2023). "Political Nepo Babies Root Back to America's Founding". TIME. Retrieved March 19, 2025.
9. See, e.g., Angelo, First Families.
10. See, e.g., Zwicker, "America's Royalty", Presidential Studies Quarterly.
11. "Founders Online: To George Washington from Thomas Posey, 20 November 1791".
12. Posey, John Thornton (December 27, 1990). "Governor Thomas Posey: The Son of George Washington?". Indiana Magazine of History. 86 (1): 28–49. JSTOR   27791352.
13. "Thomas Jefferson's Family". Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters (Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series). Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
14. Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 19. ISBN   9780313295355.
15. Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 21. ISBN   9780313295355.
16. "Lucy Jefferson (1782 – 1784)". monticello.org. Thomas Jefferson Foundation . Retrieved January 14, 2018.
17. "Dolley Madison". Biography. April 23, 2021.
18. Letter, April 10, 1788, James Monroe (Richmond, Virginia) to Thomas Jefferson (Paris)The Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.: "...I think I mention'd to you in my last Mrs. M[onroe] had made us happy by giving us a daughter who is now 16 months old an[d] begins to talk..."
19. February 3, 1840, The Observer (London, England), page 1: "BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS...DIED... [January] 27th, at her residence in the Champs Elysees, Paris, Mrs. Elizabeth K. M. Hay, relict of the late George Hay, Esq., of Virginia, and daughter of the late James Monroe, Esq., formerly President of the United States of America."
20. Monroe, James. "James Spence Monroe". The Papers of James Monroe. University of Mary Washington . Retrieved February 2, 2018. An unhappy event has occurr'd which has overwhelmed us with grief. At ten last night our beloved babe departed this life after several days sickness
21. Stuart, Leibiger, ed. (2012). A Companion to James Madison and James Monroe. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   9781118281437.
22. Roberts, Cokie (2008). Ladies of Liberty: The Women Who Shaped Our Nation . Harper Collins. ISBN   9780060782344.
23. "Louisa Catherine Adams: A Father Reflects on the Death of his Infant Daughter". Massachusetts Historical Society . Retrieved February 2, 2018. ...had been unwell for weeks. She experienced extreme discomfort due to teething (in his diary, JQA stated she was cutting seven teeth at the same time), had dysentery, and was feverish.
24. "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
25. "Jackson's Children". Andrew Jackson's Hermitage. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
26. Meredith, Rachel (March 31, 2013). 'THERE WAS SOMEBODY ALWAYS DYING AND LEAVING JACKSON AS GUARDIAN': THE WARDS OF ANDREW JACKSON (Thesis). Middle Tennessee State University.
27. Remini, Robert V. (1977). Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821 . New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. pp. xxii. ISBN   0-8018-5912-3.
28. Jackson, Andrew (January 1, 1980). Smith, Sam; Owsley, Harriet (eds.). "The Papers of Andrew Jackson: Volume I, 1770–1803". The Papers of Andrew Jackson: 415. doi:10.7290/utp7943. ISBN   0-87049-219-5.
29. "Children – Andrew Jackson's Adopted Family". The Hermitage. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
30. "Notable Southern families v.2". HathiTrust. p. 90. Retrieved October 13, 2024.
31. Plater, David D. (2015). The Butlers of Iberville Parish, Louisiana: Dunboyne Plantation in the 1800s. LSU Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN   9780807161296.
32. Archived October 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine , firstladies.org
33. Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p.  338. ISBN   9780743446310.
34. Quinn, Sandra L.; Kanter, Sanford (1995). America's Royalty: All the Presidents' Children. Greenwood Publishing. p. 338. ISBN   9780743446334.
35. Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p.  339. ISBN   9780743446310.
36. Family Search (subscription required)
37. Janken, Kenneth Robert (2003). Walter White: Mr. NAACP. UNC Press. pp. 1–3. ISBN   978-0807857809.
38. "John Tyler: Most Children". July 31, 2013.
39. "Marriage record of daughter listing Alice as mother". FamilySearch .
40. Crapol, Edward P. (2006). John Tyler: The Accidental President. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN   978-0-8078-3041-3. LCCN   2005037963. OCLC   792887071.
41. Forever Free: Abraham Lincoln's Journey to Emancipation at library.buffalo.edu/exhibits/ForeverFree/index.htm
42. "Margaret Taylor Biography :: National First Ladies' Library". www.firstladies.org. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
43. Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p.  342. ISBN   9780743446310.
44. Bauer, K. Jack (1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest. LSU Press. p. 30. ISBN   9780807118511.
45. Bauer (August 1993). Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwes. LSU Press. p. 38. ISBN   9780807118511.
46. "Millard Powers Fillmore Dead". The New York Times. November 16, 1889.
47. Davenport, Don (2001). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois. Big Earth Publishing. p. 210. ISBN   9781931599054.
48. Emerson, Jason. Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012, P. 478.
49. "Abraham Lincoln and Chicago (Abraham Lincoln's Classroom)". The Lincoln Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
50. "The Lincoln Boys". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
51. • Speer, W.S. (1888). "David T. Patterson". Sketches of prominent Tennesseans: Containing biographies and records of many of the families who have attained prominence in Tennessee. Nashville: A. B. Tavel. pp. 531–533. LCCN   08019465. OCLC   4252171. OL   6998321M.
52. "Andrew Johnson's Family". Andrew Johnson National Historic Site (NPS.gov). Retrieved June 22, 2023.
53. "Charles Johnson". Memphis Daily Appeal. April 15, 1863. p. 2. Retrieved June 22, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
54. Holland, Jesse J. (January 2016). The Invisibles: The Untold Story of African American Slaves in the White House. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 187–188. ISBN   978-1-4930-2419-3.
55. Fling, Sarah (2020). "The Formerly Enslaved Households of President Andrew Johnson". White House Historical Association . Retrieved December 11, 2024.
56. "Liz, Florence, and Will (Dolly's Children)". National Park Service . Retrieved December 11, 2024. William Johnson's death certificate was filled out by a relative who listed Robert Johnson as his father. (NPS Photo of Death Certificate)
57. "William A. Johnson, 16 May 1943; Death, Knox, Tennessee, United States", Tennessee Deaths, 1914–1966, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville – via FamilySearch
58. Gould, Lewis L. (February 4, 2014). American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy. Routledge. ISBN   9781135311483.
59. "Manning Force Hayes". Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
60. Wead, Doug (2004). All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families . Simon and Schuster. p.  348. ISBN   9780743446310.
61. "Mary "Mollie" Garfield (U.S. National Park Service)".
62. "Join Ancestry®". Ancestry.com .
63. "Roosevelt Genealogy". fdrlibrary.marist.edu. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
64. "DNA Is Said to Solve a Mystery of Warren Harding's Love Life". The New York Times. August 13, 2015.
65. Cameron Hawley, "The Honored Name I Bear?", Life, October 11, 1954
66. "Hoover Genealogy – Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)". Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
67. "Herbert Clark Hoover (1903 – 1969)". Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, United States Department of State. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
68. "David Boynton Roosevelt (1942-2022)" . Retrieved December 12, 2023.
69. O’Brien, Shane (March 20, 2025). "Who was Arabella Kennedy?". IrishCentral. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
70. Doug Wead (2003). All the Presidents' All the Presidents' Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's Families. Simon & Schuster. p. 359. ISBN   978-0743446310.
71. "The Carter Family". jimmycarter.info. March 24, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
72. Sacks, Hannah (May 15, 2025). "Tiffany Trump Welcomes First Baby with Husband Michael Boulos and Reveals His Name". People.com. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
73. Haberman, Maggie (November 20, 2016). "Melania and Barron Trump Won't Immediately Move to White House". The New York Times . Retrieved November 21, 2016.
74. Bostock, Bill (September 21, 2019). "A mother who claims Hunter Biden fathered her child went public with a DNA test because he stopped paying child support, lawyers say". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 30, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2022.

Sources

• Bonnie Angelo, First Families: The Impact of the White House on Their Lives, ISBN   0-06-056356-7
• William A. Degregorio, The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents, Wings Books, 1991
• Doug Wead, All the President's Children: Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families, Atria Books, New York, 2003, ISBN   0-7434-4631-3

Further reading

• Larry D. Underwood. All the President's Children, Dageford Publishing, 2002, ISBN   1-886225-85-0 (a children's book)
• Quinn-Musgrove, Sandra L. and Kanter, Sanford, America's Royalty: All the President's Children, Olympic Marketing, ISBN   0-313-23645-3