The following is a list of female U.S. presidential and vice presidential nominees and invitees. Nominees are candidates nominated or otherwise selected by political parties for particular offices. Listed as nominees or nomination candidates are those women who achieved ballot access in at least one state (or, before the institution of government-printed ballots, had ballots circulated by their parties). They each may have won the nomination of one of the US political parties (either one of the two major parties or one of the third parties), or made the ballot as an Independent, and in either case must have votes in the election to qualify for this list. Exception is made for those few candidates whose parties lost ballot status for additional runs.
Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Electoral votes | Total electoral votes | Winner |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | Hillary Clinton | Democratic Party | Tim Kaine | 227 | 538 | Donald Trump |
Faith Spotted Eagle | Not applicable [54] | Not applicable | 1 |
This list, sorted by the number of votes received, includes female candidates who have competed for President of the United States in a general election and received over 40,000 votes.
† Popular vote winner
Year | Picture | Name | Party | Votes | Elected president |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | ![]() | Hillary Clinton | Democratic Party | 65,853,514† | Donald Trump |
2020 | ![]() | Jo Jorgensen | Libertarian Party | 1,865,724 [55] | Joe Biden |
2016 | ![]() | Jill Stein | Green Party | 1,457,218 | Donald Trump |
2012 | 468,907 [56] | Barack Obama | |||
1988 | ![]() | Lenora Fulani | New Alliance Party | 217,219 [57] | George H. W. Bush |
2008 | ![]() | Cynthia McKinney | Green Party | 161,797 [58] | Barack Obama |
1972 | ![]() | Linda Jenness | Socialist Workers Party | 83,380 [59] | Richard Nixon |
1992 | ![]() | Lenora Fulani | New Alliance Party | 73,714 [60] | Bill Clinton |
1984 | ![]() | Sonia Johnson | Citizens Party | 72,200 [61] | Ronald Reagan |
2012 | ![]() | Roseanne Barr | Peace and Freedom Party | 67,326 [62] | Barack Obama |
1976 | ![]() | Margaret Wright | People's Party | 49,024 [63] | Jimmy Carter |
1940 | | Gracie Allen | Surprise Party | 42,000 [64] | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
This list, sorted by the number of votes received, includes female candidates who have sought their party's presidential nomination in at least one primary or caucus and received over 5,000 votes. Note that Kamala Harris, the 2024 Democratic Party presidential candidate, is not listed because she did not participate in the primaries. [lower-alpha 1]
Party nominee
Year | Picture | Name | Party | Votes | Contests won | Party nominee |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | ![]() | Hillary Clinton | Democratic Party | 17,857,501 [68] | 23 | Barack Obama |
2016 | Hillary Clinton | Democratic Party | 16,914,722 [69] | 34 | Hillary Clinton | |
2024 | ![]() | Nikki Haley | Republican Party | 4,381,799 | 2 | Donald Trump |
2020 | ![]() | Elizabeth Warren | Democratic Party | 2,780,679 [70] | 0 | Joe Biden |
2020 | ![]() | Amy Klobuchar | Democratic Party | 524,375 [70] | 0 | Joe Biden |
2024 | ![]() | Marianne Williamson | Democratic Party | 443,784 | 0 | Kamala Harris [lower-alpha 1] |
1972 | ![]() | Shirley Chisholm | Democratic Party | 430,703 [71] | 1 [72] | George McGovern |
2020 | ![]() | Tulsi Gabbard | Democratic Party | 261,253 [70] | 0 | Joe Biden |
1964 | ![]() | Margaret Chase Smith | Republican Party | 227,007 [73] | 0 | Barry Goldwater |
2004 | ![]() | Carol Moseley Braun | Democratic Party | 103,189 [74] | 0 | John Kerry |
1996 | Elvena Lloyd-Duffie | Democratic Party | 91,929 [75] | 0 | Bill Clinton | |
2012 | ![]() | Michele Bachmann | Republican Party | 41,170 [76] | 0 | Mitt Romney |
2016 | ![]() | Carly Fiorina | Republican Party | 40,666 [76] | 0 | Donald Trump |
1996 | Heather Anne Harder | Democratic Party | 29,156 [77] [78] [79] | 0 | Bill Clinton | |
2020 | ![]() | Marianne Williamson | Democratic Party | 22,334 [70] | 0 | Joe Biden |
2024 | Teresa Bukovinac | Democratic Party | 18,931 | 0 | Kamala Harris [lower-alpha 1] | |
1972 | ![]() | Patsy Mink | Democratic Party | 8,286 [80] | 0 | George McGovern |
1964 | Fay Carpenter Swain | Democratic Party | 7,140 [81] | 0 | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
2024 | Rachel Swift | Republican Party | 7,017 | 0 | Donald Trump | |
2020 | ![]() | Jo Jorgensen | Libertarian Party | 5,123 [82] | 2 | Jo Jorgensen |
Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Votes | Ballot access |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1872 | Victoria Woodhull | Equal Rights Party | Frederick Douglass | [83] | 0 states |
1884 | Belva Ann Lockwood | National Equal Rights Party | Marietta Stow [84] | 4,149 | 6 states [85] |
1888 | Belva Ann Lockwood | National Equal Rights Party | First: Alfred Love Second: Charles Stuart Wells [86] | [87] | |
1940 | Gracie Allen | Surprise Party | Not applicable | 42,000 | |
1952 | Ellen Linea W. Jensen | Washington Peace Party | |||
Mary Kennery [88] | American Party | ||||
Agnes Waters | National Woman's Party | ||||
1968 | Charlene Mitchell | Communist Party | Michael Zagarell | 1,075 | 2 states [89] |
1972 | Linda Jenness | Socialist Workers Party | Andrew Pulley | 83,380 [59] | 25 states |
Evelyn Reed | Socialist Workers Party | Andrew Pulley | 13,878 | ||
1976 | Margaret Wright | People's Party | Benjamin Spock | 49,024 | |
1980 | Ellen McCormack | Right to Life Party | Carroll Driscoll | 32,327 | |
Maureen Smith | Peace and Freedom Party | Elizabeth Cervantes Barron | 18,116 | ||
Deirdre Griswold | Workers World Party | Gavrielle Holmes [90] | 13,300 | ||
1984 | Sonia Johnson | Citizens Party | Richard Walton | 72,200 | 19 states [91] |
Gavrielle Holmes [92] | Workers World Party | Gloria La Riva [93] | 2,656 [94] | 2 states | |
1988 | Lenora Fulani | New Alliance Party | Joyce Dattner | 217,219 | 34 states |
Wynonia Burke | 4 states | ||||
Mamie Moore | 9 states | ||||
Willa Kenoyer | Socialist Party, Liberty Union Party | Ron Ehrenreich | 3,928 | ||
1992 | Lenora Fulani | New Alliance Party | Maria Elizabeth Muñoz | 73,714 | |
Helen Halyard | Socialist Equality Party | Fred Mazelis | 3,050 | ||
Isabell Masters | Looking Back Party | Walter Masters | 327 | ||
Gloria La Riva | Workers World Party | Larry Holmes | 181 | ||
1996 | Monica Moorehead | Workers World Party | Gloria La Riva | 29,083 | |
Marsha Feinland | Peace and Freedom Party | Kate McClatchy | 25,332 | ||
Mary Cal Hollis | Socialist Party, Liberty Union Party | Eric Chester | 4,766 | ||
Diane Beall Templin | The American Party | Gary Van Horn | 1,847 | ||
Isabell Masters | Looking Back Party | Shirley Jean Masters | 752 | ||
2000 | Monica Moorehead | Workers World Party | Gloria La Riva | 4,795 | |
Cathy Gordon Brown | Independent | Sabrina R. Allen | 1,606 | ||
2004 | Diane Beall Templin | American Party | Albert B. "Al" Moore | (lost ballot status) | |
2008 | Cynthia McKinney | Green Party | Rosa Clemente | 161,797 | 32 states |
Gloria La Riva | Party for Socialism and Liberation | Eugene Puryear [95] | 7,427 | ||
Diane Beall Templin | The American Party | Linda Patterson | (lost ballot status) | ||
2012 | Jill Stein | Green Party | Cheri Honkala | 468,907 | 36 states |
Roseanne Barr | Peace and Freedom Party | Cindy Sheehan | 67,326 | ||
Peta Lindsay | Party for Socialism and Liberation | Yari Osorio | 9,388 | ||
2016 | Hillary Clinton | Democratic Party | Tim Kaine | 65,853,516 | 50 states + DC |
Jill Stein | Green Party | Ajamu Baraka | 1,457,044 | 43 states + DC | |
Gloria La Riva | Peace and Freedom Party [96] | Dennis Banks | 43,742 | 8 states [97] | |
Alyson Kennedy | Socialist Workers Party | Osborne Hart | 10,348 | 7 states [98] | |
Monica Moorehead | Workers World Party | Lamont Lilly | 3,722 | ||
Lynn S. Kahn | Independent | Kathleen Monahan | 5,610 | ||
Khadijah Jacob-Fambro | Revolutionary Party | Milton Fambro | 748 | ||
2020 | Jo Jorgensen | Libertarian Party | Spike Cohen | 1,865,724 [55] | 50 states + DC [99] |
Barbara Bellar | Republican Party (write-in) | Kendra Bryant | 10 states | ||
Shereen A. Elbaz | Democratic Party (write-in) | None | Washington | ||
Betsy P. Elgar | Constitution Party (write-in) | None | Washington | ||
Katherine Forbes | Independent | None | Minnesota, Utah | ||
Alyson Kennedy | Socialist Workers Party | Malcolm Jarrett | 6,791 | 6 states | |
Kathryn Gibson | Independent | None | 3 states | ||
Lois Marie Gillaspie-Greenwood | Independent | None | West Virginia | ||
Tara Renee Hunter | Independent | None | Michigan | ||
Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro | Unaffiliated | Khadijah Jacob Sr. | Colorado | ||
Ricki Sue King | Genealogy Know Your Family History | Dayna R. Chandler | Iowa | ||
Gloria La Riva | Party for Socialism and Liberation | Sunil Freeman (12 states) [101] /Leonard Peltier (IL, MN, TX) | 85,464 | 15 states | |
Susan B. Lochocki | Independent | None | 5 states | ||
Valerie McCray | Independent | None | Indiana | ||
Deborah Rouse | Independent | Sheila Cannon | 11 states | ||
Jade Simmons [102] | Independent | Claudeliah Roze (LA, TX)/Melissa Nixon (FL) | 6,958 | 3 states | |
Mary Ruth Caro Simmons | Write-in | Sherrie Dow | 9 states | ||
Silvia Stagg | Republican Party (write-in) | None | 10 states | ||
Sheila "Samm" Tittle | Constitution Party | David Carl Sandige | 1,806 | New Mexico | |
Sharon Wallace | Democratic Party (write-in) | Karen M. Short | Maryland | ||
Angela Marie Walls-Windhauser | Independent | Charles Tolbert | Florida | ||
Karynn Weinstein | Independent | David Weinstein | Connecticut | ||
Demetra Wysinger | WXYZ New Day | Cedric D. Jefferson | Alaska, Minnesota | ||
2024 | Kamala Harris [lower-alpha 1] | Democratic Party | Tim Walz | 50 states + DC | |
Claudia De la Cruz | Party for Socialism and Liberation | Karina Garcia | [103] | ||
Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Votes | Ballot access |
Candidates who failed to receive their parties' nomination.
Year | Name | Party | Details | Party nominee |
---|---|---|---|---|
1884 | Abigail Scott Duniway | Equal Rights | Rejected nomination. | Belva Ann Lockwood |
1920 | Laura Clay | Democratic | James M. Cox | |
Cora Wilson Stewart | ||||
1924 | Cora Wilson Stewart | Democratic | 1 vote on 1st and 15th ballots | John W. Davis |
1940 | Anna Milburn [104] | National Greenback | Declined nomination | John Zahnd |
1964 | Margaret Chase Smith [105] | Republican | Received 227,007 votes in Republican primary and won 27 delegates at the Republican convention | Barry Goldwater |
Fay T. Carpenter Swain | Democratic | 7,140 votes in Indiana primary [81] | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
1972 | Shirley Chisholm [105] | Democratic | 152 votes at convention | George McGovern |
Patsy Mink [105] | ||||
Bella Abzug [105] | ||||
1976 | Barbara Jordan | Democratic | 1 vote at convention | Jimmy Carter |
Ellen McCormack [105] | 22 votes at national convention | |||
1980 | Koryne Kaneski Horbal | Democratic | 5 votes at convention | Jimmy Carter |
Alice Tripp | 2 votes at convention | |||
1984 | Martha Kirkland | Democratic | 1 vote at convention | Walter Mondale |
Mary Ruwart | Libertarian | 77 votes at convention (1st ballot); 99 votes at convention (2nd ballot; 3rd place overall) | David Bergland | |
Tonie Nathan | 53 votes at convention (1st ballot; 4th place) | |||
1988 | Pat Schroeder | Democratic | Michael Dukakis | |
1992 | Tennie Rogers | Republican | 754 votes in Texas primary [77] | George H. W. Bush |
Georgiana Doerschuck | 58 votes in New Hampshire primary [106] | |||
Caroline Killeen | Democratic | 96 votes in New Hampshire primary [107] | Bill Clinton | |
1996 | Elvena E. Lloyd-Duffie | Democratic | 13,025 votes in AR primary; [79] 10,876 votes (6th place) in TX primary; [77] 40,758 in OK primary (3rd place); [108] 11,620 votes (3rd place) in LA primary; [109] 15,650 votes (2nd place) in IL primary [109] | Bill Clinton |
Heather Anne Harder | 28,772 votes (3rd place) in TX primary; [77] 376 votes in NH primary [78] and two Republican write-in votes; 6 votes in IL primary [79] | |||
Caroline Killeen | 118 votes in New Hampshire primary [107] | |||
Susan Gail Ducey | Republican | 539 votes (9th place) in AZ primary; [79] 152 votes (12th place) in NH primary; [110] 1,092 votes (8th place) in TX primary [77] | Bob Dole | |
Isabell Masters | 1052 votes (7th place) in Oklahoma primary [111] | |||
Mary "France" LeTulle | 650 votes (9th place) in Texas primary; [77] 290 votes in Nevada primary [109] | |||
Georgiana Doerschuck | 140 votes in New Hampshire primary [106] | |||
Tennie Rogers | 35 votes at Mississippi primary; 12 votes in New Hampshire primary [79] | |||
2000 | Heather Anne Harder | Democratic | 1,358 votes in AZ primary; 192 votes (8th place) in NH primary, 1 Republican write-in vote [112] [113] | Al Gore |
Elizabeth Dole | Republican | 231 write-in votes in NH primary [112] | George W. Bush | |
Dorian Yeager | 98 votes (10th place) in NH primary [114] | |||
Angel Joy Chavis Rocker [115] | 6 votes in Alabama straw poll [116] | |||
2004 | Lorna Salzman | Green | 40 votes at convention (5th place) | David Cobb |
JoAnne Bier Beeman | 14 votes at national convention | |||
Carol A. Miller | 10 votes at national convention | |||
Sheila Bilyeu | 2 votes at national convention | |||
Florence Walker | Democratic | 246 votes (6th place) in Washington, D.C. primary [117] | John Kerry | |
Katherine Bateman | 68 votes (14th place) in New Hampshire primary [117] | |||
Jeanne Chebib | 43 votes (12th place) in the Washington, D.C. primary [117] | |||
Caroline Killeen | 31 votes (19th place) in New Hampshire primary [117] | |||
Mildred T. Glover | 11 votes (22nd place) in New Hampshire primary; 4,039 votes (8th place) in Maryland primary [117] | |||
Carol Moseley Braun | Withdrew in January 2004; 103,189 votes [74] | |||
Millie Howard | Republican | 239 votes (13th place) in New Hampshire primary | George W. Bush | |
2008 | Hillary Clinton | Democratic | Second place in the Democratic primaries, winning 1,726½ delegate votes and more primaries than any other woman in history. | Barack Obama |
Caroline Killeen | 11 votes in New Hampshire primary | |||
Mary Ruwart | Libertarian | 152 votes at convention (2nd place; reached 1st place on 5th ballot before being defeated on 6th ballot) | Bob Barr | |
Christine Smith | 6 votes at national convention (8th place) | |||
Kat Swift | Green | 38 votes at national convention (3rd place) | Cynthia McKinney | |
Elaine Brown | Withdrew in December 2007; 9 pledged delegates (6th place) | |||
Nan Garrett | Withdrew in February 2007 [118] | |||
Susan Gail Ducey | Republican | 2 votes (3-way tie for 8th place) in Tulsa, Oklahoma straw poll | John McCain | |
2012 | Susan Gail Ducey | Constitution | 15 votes at national convention | Virgil Goode |
Roseanne Barr | Green | 72 votes at national convention (2nd place) | Jill Stein | |
Michele Bachmann | Republican | Withdrew in January 2012. | Mitt Romney | |
2016 | Carly Fiorina | Republican | Withdrew in February 2016 with 1 pledged delegate in Iowa (10th place with 40,666 votes) [119] [120] | Donald Trump |
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry | Green | 13 votes at national convention (3rd place) | Jill Stein | |
2020 | Souraya Faas | Alliance | Withdrew before convention. | Rocky De La Fuente |
Elizabeth Warren | Democratic | Withdrew in March 2020 with 83 pledged delegates. [121] | Joe Biden | |
Amy Klobuchar | Withdrew in March 2020 with 7 pledged delegates. [121] | |||
Tulsi Gabbard | Withdrew in March 2020 with 2 pledged delegates. | |||
Kamala Harris | Withdrew in December 2019. Became the 2020 Democratic nominee for vice president, and is the current vice president. | |||
Kirsten Gillibrand | Withdrew in August 2019. | |||
Marianne Williamson | Withdrew in January 2020. | |||
Cherie DeVille | Withdrew in January 2019. [122] | |||
Sorinne Ardeleanu | Libertarian | 2 write-in votes at convention (1st ballot); 1 write-in vote at convention (4th ballot) | Jo Jorgensen | |
Laura Ebke | 1 write-in vote at convention (3rd ballot) | |||
Souraya Faas | Withdrew in May 2020 after failing to qualify in the nomination round. | |||
Kim Ruff | 11 votes in the nomination round. | |||
Susan Buchser Lochocki | Green | 1 vote at national convention | Howie Hawkins | |
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry | ||||
2024 | Nikki Haley | Republican | Withdrew in March 2024 with 97 pledged delegates | Donald Trump |
Mary Maxwell | 287 votes (9th place) New Hampshire primary | |||
Rachel Swift | 7,019 votes | |||
Marianne Williamson | Democratic | Withdrew in July 2024. [123] | Kamala Harris [lower-alpha 1] | |
Year | Name | Party | Details | Nomination winner |
Elected vice president
Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Electoral votes | Total electoral votes | Winner |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 306 | 538 | Kamala Harris |
2008 | Sarah Palin | Republican Party | John McCain | 173 | 538 | Joe Biden |
1984 | Geraldine Ferraro | Democratic Party | Walter Mondale | 13 | George H. W. Bush | |
2016 | Elizabeth Warren | Not applicable [124] | Not applicable | 2 | Mike Pence | |
Maria Cantwell | Not applicable [125] | Not applicable | 1 | |||
Susan Collins | Not applicable [126] | Not applicable | 1 | |||
Carly Fiorina | Not applicable [127] | Not applicable | 1 | |||
Winona LaDuke | Not applicable [128] | Not applicable | 1 | |||
1972 | Tonie Nathan | Libertarian Party [129] | John Hospers | 1 | Spiro Agnew |
This list includes female candidates who have run for Vice President of the United States and received over 100,000 votes. Note that the vote for vice president is not separate in the United States and is identical to that for the presidential nominees. [130]
Elected vice president
No. | Year | Picture | Name | Party | Running mate | Votes | Elected vice president |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2020 | ![]() | Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 81,268,924 [55] | Kamala Harris |
2 | 2008 | | Sarah Palin | Republican Party | John McCain | 59,948,323 | Joe Biden |
3 | 1984 | ![]() | Geraldine Ferraro | Democratic Party | Walter Mondale | 37,577,352 | George H. W. Bush |
4 | 2000 | ![]() | Winona LaDuke | Green Party | Ralph Nader | 2,883,105 | Dick Cheney |
5 | 1996 | 596,780 | Al Gore | ||||
6 | 2016 | ![]() | Mindy Finn | Independent | Evan McMullin | 731,991 | Mike Pence |
7 | 1996 | ![]() | Jo Jorgensen | Libertarian Party | Harry Browne | 485,798 | Al Gore |
8 | 2012 | ![]() | Cheri Honkala | Green Party | Jill Stein | 469,628 | Joe Biden |
9 | 2000 | Ezola Foster | Reform Party | Pat Buchanan | 449,225 | Dick Cheney | |
10 | 2020 | ![]() | Angela Walker | Green Party | Howie Hawkins | 404,021 | Kamala Harris |
11 | 1992 | Nancy Lord | Libertarian Party | Andre Marrou | 290,087 | Al Gore | |
12 | 1980 | ![]() | LaDonna Harris | Citizens Party | Barry Commoner | 233,052 | George H. W. Bush |
13 | 2008 | ![]() | Rosa Clemente | Green Party | Cynthia McKinney | 161,797 | Joe Biden |
14 | 1988 | Joyce Dattner | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 143,858 | Dan Quayle | |
15 | 1952 | ![]() | Charlotta Bass | Progressive Party | Vincent Hallinan | 140,023 | Richard Nixon |
16 | 2004 | Pat LaMarche | Green Party | David Cobb | 119,859 | Dick Cheney |
Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Votes |
---|---|---|---|---|
1884 | Marietta Stow [84] | National Equal Rights Party | Belva Ann Lockwood | 4,149 |
1924 | Marie Brehm | Prohibition Party | Herman P. Faris | 56,289 |
1932 | Florence Garvin | National Party | John Zahnd | 1,645 |
1936 | Florence Garvin | Greenback Party | John Zahnd | |
1948 | Grace Carlson | Socialist Workers Party | Farrell Dobbs | 13,614 |
1952 | Charlotta Bass | Progressive Party | Vincent Hallinan | 140,023 |
Myra Tanner Weiss | Socialist Workers Party | Farrell Dobbs | 10,312 | |
Vivien Kellems [131] [132] | Constitution Party* [133] | Douglas MacArthur | 943* [134] [135] [136] | |
1956 | Georgia Cozzini | Socialist Labor Party | Eric Hass | 44,300 |
Myra Tanner Weiss | Socialist Workers Party | Farrell Dobbs | 7,797 | |
Ann Marie Yezo | American Third Party | Henry B. Krajewski | 1,829 | |
1960 | Myra Tanner Weiss | Socialist Workers Party | Farrell Dobbs | 60,166 |
Georgia Cozzini | Socialist Labor Party | Eric Hass | 47,521 | |
1968 | Peggy Terry [137] | Peace and Freedom Party | Eldridge Cleaver | |
1972 | Genevieve Gundersen | Socialist Labor Party | Louis Fisher | 53,814 |
Tonie Nathan | Libertarian Party | John Hospers | 3,674 | |
1976 | Willie Mae Reid | Socialist Workers Party | Peter Camejo | 90,986 |
Constance Blomen | Socialist Labor Party | Jules Levin | 9,616 | |
1980 | La Donna Harris | Citizens Party | Barry Commoner | 233,052 |
Wretha Hanson [138] | Citizens Party | Barry Commoner | 8,564 [139] | |
Angela Davis | Communist Party | Gus Hall | 43,871 | |
Eileen Shearer | American Independent Party | John Rarick | 41,268 | |
Matilde Zimmermann | Socialist Workers Party | Andrew Pulley [140] | 40,105 | |
Elizabeth Cervantes Barron | Peace and Freedom Party | Maureen Smith | 18,106 | |
Gavrielle Holmes | Workers World Party | Deirdre Griswold | 13,213 | |
Naomi Cohen | Workers World Party | Deirdre Griswold | 3,790 [141] | |
Diane Drufenbrock | Socialist Party | David McReynolds | 6,898 | |
1984 | Geraldine Ferraro | Democratic Party | Walter Mondale | 37,577,352 |
Maureen Kennedy Salaman | Populist Party | Bob Richards | 66,168 | |
Nancy Ross | New Alliance Party | Dennis L. Serrette | 46,852 | |
Angela Davis | Communist Party | Gus Hall | 36,386 | |
Andrea Gonzales [142] | Socialist Workers Party | Melvin T. Mason | 24,672 | |
Matilde Zimmermann | Socialist Workers Party | Melvin T. Mason | ||
Gloria La Riva [93] | Workers World Party | Larry Holmes/Gavrielle Holmes | 15,329 | |
Helen Halyard [143] | Socialist Equality Party | Edward Winn | 10,801 | |
Jean T. Brust [144] | Socialist Equality Party | Edward Winn | ||
Emma Wong Mar | Peace and Freedom Party | Sonia Johnson | ||
1988 | Joyce Dattner [145] | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 143,858 |
Mamie Moore [146] | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 26,487 | |
Florence M. Rice | Consumer Party | Eugene McCarthy | 25,109 | |
Joan Andrews | Right to Life Party | William A. Marra | 20,504 | |
Helen Halyard | Socialist Equality Party | Edward Winn | 18,693 | |
Kathleen Mickells | Socialist Workers Party | James "Mac" Warren | 15,604 | |
Wynonia Burke [147] | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 11,888 | |
Vikki Murdock | Peace and Freedom Party | Herbert G. Lewin | 10,370 | |
Gloria La Riva | Workers World Party | Larry Holmes | 7,846 | |
Alpha Sunde Smaby [148] | Minnesota Progressive Party | Eugene McCarthy | 5,403 | |
Maureen Smith [149] | Peace and Freedom Party | Eugene McCarthy | 243 | |
Emma Wong Mar | Peace and Freedom Party/Ind. Socialist | Herbert G. Lewin | 219 | |
Debra Freeman | National Economic Recovery Party | Lyndon LaRouche | ||
Susan Gardner | Independent | Eugene McCarthy | ||
1992 | Nancy Lord | Libertarian Party | Andre Marrou | 290,087 |
Maria Elizabeth Muñoz | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 73,714 | |
Asiba Tupahache | Peace and Freedom Party | Ronald Daniels | 27,961 | |
Barbara Garson | Socialist Party | J. Quinn Brisben | 3,057 | |
Willie Mae Reid | Socialist Workers Party | James "Mac" Warren | ||
Estelle DeBates | Socialist Workers Party | James "Mac" Warren | ||
Doris Feimer | The American Party | Robert J. Smith | 292 | |
Joann Roland | Third Party | Eugene Arthur Hem | ||
1996 | Winona LaDuke | Green Party | Ralph Nader | 596,780 [150] |
Muriel Tillinghast [151] | Green Party | Ralph Nader | 75,956 [152] | |
Anne Goeke [153] | Green Party | Ralph Nader | 12,135 [154] | |
Jo Jorgensen | Libertarian Party | Harry Browne | 485,798 | |
Kate McClatchy | Peace and Freedom Party | Marsha Feinland | 25,332 | |
Rosemary Giumarra | Independent | Charles E. Collins | 8,952 | |
Laura Garza | Socialist Workers Party | James Harris | 8,476 | |
Rachel Bubar Kelly | Prohibition Party | Earl Dodge | 1,298 | |
Connie Chandler | Independent Party of Utah | A. Peter Crane | 1,101 | |
Shirley Jean Masters | Looking Back Party | Isabell Masters | 752 | |
Anne Northrop | AIDS Cure Party | Steve Michael | 408 | |
2000 | Winona LaDuke | Green Party | Ralph Nader | 2,883,105 |
Ezola B. Foster | Reform Party | Pat Buchanan | 449,225 | |
Margaret Trowe | Socialist Workers Party | James Harris | 7,378 | |
Mary Cal Hollis | Socialist Party | David McReynolds | 5,602 | |
Gloria La Riva | Workers World Party | Monica Moorehead | 4,795 | |
Sabrina R. Allen | Independent | Cathy Gordon Brown | 1,606 | |
2004 | Pat LaMarche | Green Party | David Cobb | 119,859 |
Janice Jordan | Peace and Freedom Party | Leonard Peltier | 27,607 | |
Mary Alice Herbert | Socialist Party | Walt Brown | 10,837 | |
Margaret Trowe [155] | Socialist Workers Party | James Harris | 7,102 | |
Arrin Hawkins | Socialist Workers Party | Róger Calero | 3,689 | |
Karen Sanchirico [156] | Independent | Ralph Nader | 6,168 [157] | |
Jennifer A. Ryan | Christian Freedom Party | Thomas J. Harens | 2,387 | |
Teresa Gutierrez | Workers World Party | John Parker | 1,646 | |
Marilyn Chambers | Personal Choice Party | Charles Jay | 946 | |
Irene M. Deasy | Independent | Stanford Andress | 804 | |
2008 | Sarah Palin | Republican Party | John McCain | 59,948,323 |
Rosa Clemente | Green Party | Cynthia McKinney | 161,797 | |
Alyson Kennedy | Socialist Workers Party | Róger Calero | 7,197 | |
Andrea Marie Psoras [158] | Vote Here Party | Jeffrey H. Boss | 604 | |
Patricia Rubacky | New American Independent Party | Frank McEnulty | [159] | |
2012 | Cheri Honkala | Green Party | Jill Stein | 469,628 |
Cindy Sheehan | Peace and Freedom Party | Roseanne Barr | 67,326 | |
Maura DeLuca | Socialist Workers Party | James Harris | 4,117 | |
Virginia Abernethy | American Third Position Party | Merlin Miller | 2,701 | |
Phyllis Scherrer | Socialist Equality Party | Jerry White | 1,279 | |
2016 | Mindy Finn | Independent | Evan McMullin | 449,640 |
Angela Nicole Walker | Socialist Party USA | Mimi Soltysik | 2,540 | |
Hannah Walsh | United States Pacifist Party | Bradford Lyttle | 334 | |
Kathleen Monahan | Independent | Lynn S. Kahn | 5,610 | |
2020 | Dawn Neptune Adams | Oregon Progressive Party | Dario Hunter | 5,403 |
Karla Ballard | Independent | Brock Pierce | 49,700 | |
Margaret Bayliss | Dirigo | M. D. Mitchell | ||
Anne Beckett | Independent | Robert Morrow | ||
Kendra Bryant | Republican Party (write-in) | Barbara Bellar | ||
Sheila Cannon | Independent | Deborah Rouse | ||
Dayna Chandler | Genealogy Know Your Family History | Ricki Sue King | ||
Sherrie Dow | None (write-in) | Mary Ruth Caro Simmons | ||
Veronica Ehrenreich | Independent | Ryan Ehrenreich | ||
Susan C. Fletcher | Independent | Timothy A. Stevens | ||
Kamala Harris | Democratic Party | Joe Biden | 81,281,888 | |
Alyssa Howard | Independent | Shawn Howard | ||
Taja Yvonne Iwanow | Independent American | Kyle Kopitke | ||
Khadijah Jacob Sr. | Unaffiliated | Princess Khadijah Jacob-Fambro | ||
Jennifer Jairala | Independent | Abram Loeb | ||
Tiara Lusk | Life and Liberty Party | J. R. Myers | 1,372 [160] | |
Cynthia McKinney | Green Party of Alaska | Jesse Ventura | 3,291 | |
Melissa Nixon | Independent | Jade Simmons | 181 [161] | |
Liz Parrish | Transhumanist Party | Charlie Kam | ||
Raechelle Pope | Independent | Michael Laboch | ||
Darlene Raley | Republican Party (write-in) | Albert Raley | ||
Claudeliah Roze | Independent | Jade Simmons | 6,777 | |
Norissa Santa Cruz | Socialist Equality Party | Joseph Kishore | ||
Karen M. Short | Democratic Party (write-in) | Sharon Wallace | ||
Elizabeth Storm | Independent | Joe McHugh | 2,843 | |
Jennifer Tepool | Unaffiliated | Jordan "Cancer" Scott | ||
Michelle Tidball | Birthday Party | Kanye West | 70,294 | |
Angela Nicole Walker | Green Party/Socialist Party USA | Howie Hawkins | 404,021 | |
Rachel Wells | Independent | Kasey Wells | ||
2024 | Karina Garcia | Party for Socialism and Liberation | Claudia De la Cruz | |
Year | Name | Party | Running mate | Votes |
Year | Name | Party | Details | Nomination winner |
---|---|---|---|---|
1848 | Lucretia Mott [162] | Liberty Party | 5 of 84 votes | Charles C. Foote |
1884 | Clemence S. Lozier | Equal Rights Party | Declined nomination. | Marietta Stow |
1924 | Lena Springs | Democratic Party | several to 50 votes in National convention | Charles W. Bryan |
1928 | Nellie Tayloe Ross | Democratic Party | 31 votes in National convention | Joseph T. Robinson |
1952 | India Edwards | Democratic Party | John Sparkman | |
Sarah T. Hughes | ||||
1972 | Shirley Chisholm | Democratic Party | 20 votes in National convention | Thomas Eagleton |
Frances Farenthold | 405 votes in National convention | |||
Martha Griffiths | 1 vote in National convention | |||
Patricia Harris | 1 vote in National convention | |||
Eleanor McGovern | 1 vote in National convention | |||
Martha Mitchell | 1 vote in National convention | |||
Maggie Kuhn | People's Party | declined nomination | Benjamin Spock | |
1976 | Anne Armstrong | Republican Party | subject of draft campaign; 6 votes in National convention | Bob Dole |
Barbara Jordan | Democratic Party | 17 votes in National convention | Walter Mondale | |
Nancy Palm | Republican Party | 1 vote in National convention | Bob Dole | |
1984 | Shirley Chisholm | Democratic Party | 3 votes in National convention | Geraldine Ferraro |
Jeane J. Kirkpatrick | Republican Party | 1 vote in primary | George H. W. Bush | |
1992 | Susan K.Y. Shargal | Democratic Party | 1,097 votes (2nd place) in New Hampshire primary | Al Gore |
Mary Ruwart | Libertarian Party | 129 votes at convention (1st ballot); 64 votes at convention (2nd ballot) | Nancy Lord | |
2000 | Gail Lightfoot [163] | Libertarian Party | 7 votes at convention (1st ballot; 6th place) | Art Olivier |
2004 | Tamara Millay [164] | Libertarian Party | 220 votes at convention (2nd place) | Richard Campagna |
2008 | Mary Alice Herbert | Socialist Party | Stewart Alexander | |
2012 | Susan Gayle Ducey | Constitution Party | 8 votes at convention (5th place) | Darrell Castle |
2016 | Alicia Dearn | Libertarian Party | 29 votes at convention (5th place) | William Weld |
Carly Fiorina | Republican Party | Joined the ticket of Ted Cruz; campaign suspended six days later | Mike Pence | |
2020 | Sorinne Ardeleanu | Libertarian Party | 3 write-in votes at convention in 3 ballots (1 per ballot) | Spike Cohen |
Laura Ebke | 1 write-in vote at convention (1st ballot) |
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)was nominated for the vice presidency against her wishes on the right-wing Constitution Party ticket headed by an equally reluctant Gen. Douglas MacArthur in 1952.
This final report includes complete returns from all 254 counties of Texas [...] MacArthur-Kellems....... 765
Here is the secretary of state's official tabulation of the votes for president: [...] Constitution Party (MacArthur-Kellems writein)—178