United States presidential pets

Last updated

Socks at the White House Press Briefing Room lectern in 1993 Socks the Cat Explores.jpg
Socks at the White House Press Briefing Room lectern in 1993
Grace Coolidge with Laddie Boy, an Airedale Terrier, and Rob Roy, a white Collie Grace Coolidge with dogs crop.jpg
Grace Coolidge with Laddie Boy, an Airedale Terrier, and Rob Roy, a white Collie

Most United States presidents have kept pets while in office, or pets have been part of their families. [1] Only James K. Polk, Andrew Johnson, and Donald Trump did not have any presidential pets while in office [2] (however, Johnson did take care of some mice he found in his bedroom). [3]

Contents

History of White House pets

Miss Beazley, a Scottish Terrier given to Laura Bush by her husband Miss Beazley.jpg
Miss Beazley, a Scottish Terrier given to Laura Bush by her husband
Statues of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his dog Fala at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial FDR-Memorial-Fala-Roosevelt.jpg
Statues of Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his dog Fala at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial

The first White House dog to receive regular newspaper coverage was Warren G. Harding's dog Laddie Boy. [4]

Pets also featured in presidential elections. Herbert Hoover got a "Belgian Police Dog" (Belgian Malinois), [5] King Tut, during his campaign and pictures of him with his new dog were sent all across the United States.

Theodore Roosevelt was known for having many pets in the White House. He had six children who owned pets including snakes, dogs, cats, a badger, birds, and guinea pigs. [6]

In 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt was running for his fourth term when rumors surfaced that his Scottish Terrier, Fala, had accidentally been left behind when visiting the Aleutian Islands. After allegedly sending back ships to rescue his dog, Roosevelt was ridiculed and accused of spending thousands of taxpayers' dollars to retrieve his dog. At a speech following this Roosevelt said, "You can criticize me, my wife and my family, but you can't criticize my little dog. He's Scottish and all these allegations about spending all this money have just made his little soul furious." [7] What was later called the "Fala speech" reportedly helped secure reelection for Roosevelt. [8]

Richard Nixon was accused of hiding a secret slush fund during his candidacy for vice president under Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952. He gave the televised "Checkers speech" named after his cocker spaniel, denying he had a slush fund but admitting, "there is one thing that I did get as a gift that I'm not going to give back." [9] The gift was a black-and-white cocker spaniel, Checkers, given to his daughters. Although there had been talk of Nixon being dropped from the ticket, following his speech he received an increase in support and Mamie Eisenhower reportedly recommended he stay because he was "such a warm person." [10] [11]

President Lyndon B. Johnson caused controversy when he was photographed lifting his beagles, named Him and Her, by their ears. Some did not understand the controversy; former president Harry S. Truman said, "What the hell are the critics complaining about; that's how you handle hounds." [9] Him died after he was run over by the presidential limousine. [12]

Bill Clinton moved into the White House with Socks, a tuxedo cat, who in 1991 was reported to have jumped into the arms of Chelsea Clinton after piano lessons while the Clintons were living in Little Rock, Arkansas. He was later joined in 1997 by Buddy, a Labrador Retriever, during Clinton's second term. [13] The two reportedly did not get along, with Clinton later saying "I did better with the Palestinians and the Israelis than I've done with Socks and Buddy" while Hillary Clinton said Socks "despised" Buddy at first sight. [14] The two were, however, the subject of a book, Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets written by then First Lady Hillary Clinton and appeared as cartoons in the kids' section of the first White House website. [15]

While George W. Bush was president, he had three dogs and a cat at the White House. [16] Among the canines was Spot Fetcher, an English Springer Spaniel and the offspring of George H. W. Bush's dog, Millie. [17] This made Spotty the first animal to live in the White House under two different administrations, having been born there in 1989 and passed away there in 2004. [18]

Barack and Michelle Obama were without pets prior to the 2008 election, but promised their daughters they could get a dog when the family moved into the White House. [19] They selected Bo, a Portuguese Water Dog, partly due to Malia Obama's allergies and the need for a hypoallergenic pet. [20] The puppy was a gift from Senator Ted Kennedy [21] and was later joined by Sunny, a female of the same breed. [22] Bo was featured in the 2010 children's book Of Thee I Sing: A Letter to My Daughters , written by President Obama with illustrations by Loren Long. [23]

Joe and Jill Biden moved into the White House with two German Shepherds, Champ and Major. [24] Major was the first shelter dog in the White House, while Champ returned to Washington, having joined the Biden family during Joe Biden's tenure as vice-president. [25] The Bidens announced the death of 13-year-old Champ on June 19, 2021. [26] In December 2021, the Bidens announced the arrival of a pedigreed German Shepherd puppy named Commander, gifted to them by Joe Biden's brother. Officials later told the press that Major had been rehomed to a quieter environment following a series of biting incidents. The Bidens had also promised they would get a cat, and they fulfilled that promise in January 2022 by adding a two-year-old gray tabby, Willow, to the family. [27]

The 2024 United States presidential election is notable in that both major candidates, Donald Trump and Kamala Harris, do not have pets, meaning that there might not be any presidential pets in the White House of the next administration regardless of who wins. [28]

List of presidential pets

In addition to traditional pets, this list includes some animals normally considered livestock or working animals that have a close association with presidents or their families. Presidents have often been given exotic animals from foreign dignitaries; occasionally these are kept, but often they are promptly donated to a zoo.

George Washington

Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton by John Faed shows Washington on his horse Blueskin Portrait-of-george-washington-taking-the-salute-at-trenton-john-faed.jpg
Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton by John Faed shows Washington on his horse Blueskin

John Adams

Thomas Jefferson

James Madison

James Monroe

John Quincy Adams

Andrew Jackson

Martin Van Buren

William Henry Harrison

John Tyler

James K. Polk

Zachary Taylor

Millard Fillmore

Franklin Pierce

James Buchanan

Abraham Lincoln

Old Bob caparisoned in a mourning blanket at Abraham Lincoln's funeral Old Bob or Old Robin.png
Old Bob caparisoned in a mourning blanket at Abraham Lincoln's funeral

Andrew Johnson

Ulysses S. Grant

Rutherford B. Hayes

James A. Garfield

Chester A. Arthur

Grover Cleveland

Benjamin Harrison

White House--Major Russell Harrison and Harrison children--Baby McKee and sister on goat cart.jpg
Whiskers pulling a cart at the White House, with Russell Harrison and his children
DogHouse Dash President Harrison.jpg
Dash in front of his doghouse

William McKinley

Theodore Roosevelt

Archie riding Algonquin Archie Roosevelt poses with Algonquin 1902.jpg
Archie riding Algonquin
Roosevelt family with Skip Theodore Roosevelt and Family - 24 August 1907.jpg
Roosevelt family with Skip
Illustration of Slippers, the White House cat St. Nicholas (serial) (1873) (14595456808).jpg
Illustration of Slippers, the White House cat

William Howard Taft

Woodrow Wilson

Warren G. Harding

Laddie Boy Laddie Boy portrait crop.jpg
Laddie Boy

Calvin Coolidge

Portrait of Rob Roy and Grace Coolidge Grace Coolidge Official portrait.jpg
Portrait of Rob Roy and Grace Coolidge

Herbert Hoover

Herbert Hoover with King Tut Herbert Hoover and King Tut.jpg
Herbert Hoover with King Tut

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin D. Roosevelt and Fala (1940) FDR-Fala-1940-crop.jpg
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Fala (1940)

Harry S. Truman

Dwight D. Eisenhower

John F. Kennedy

The Kennedy family and dogs Kennedy Family with Dogs During a Weekend at Hyannisport 1963.png
The Kennedy family and dogs

Lyndon B. Johnson

Johnson lifting Him by the ears LBJ Lifts Dog By Ears-C311-7-64.jpg
Johnson lifting Him by the ears

Richard Nixon

King Timahoe, Vicky and Pasha looking out the window in the White House Richard M. Nixon's dogs looking out a window of the White House - NARA - 194337.tif
King Timahoe, Vicky and Pasha looking out the window in the White House

Gerald Ford

Jimmy Carter

Amy Carter with her cat Misty Malarky Ying Yang Amycarterjpg.jpg
Amy Carter with her cat Misty Malarky Ying Yang

Ronald Reagan

Rex, Ronald Reagan's dog Rex Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.jpg
Rex, Ronald Reagan's dog

George H. W. Bush

George H. W. Bush walking with Millie and Ranger President Bush walks with his dogs, Millie and Ranger, at Camp David - NARA - 186442.tif
George H. W. Bush walking with Millie and Ranger

Bill Clinton

George W. Bush

Barack Obama

Bo and Sunny Bo and Sunny the Obama family dogs on the South Lawn of the White House 2013-08-19.jpg
Bo and Sunny

Donald Trump

Joe Biden


Key

See also

Notes

  1. Washington was an avid dog breeder; he called the breed that he was developing "Virginia Hounds"; which eventually became American Foxhounds [31] [32]
  2. Some sources reference the name "Polly" [38]
  3. Including a "Bengal ewe" (Desi sheep) and "a ram and a ewe of the Barbary Broadtail breed"; see American Tunis [46]
  4. The East Room was still under repair following the 1814 burning of the White House by the British, and was primarily used for storage. During the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States, Lafayette acquired several tons of gifts (including the alligator) that was stored there. [53] [54] much to the consternation of visitors. [55] Possibly sent to France aboard the USS Brandywine
  5. See: Conveying Marquis de Lafayette to France
  6. Number uncertain, perhaps received as many as seven. "Pierce was thought to have kept one dog, and he gave the other to his Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis. Davis was particularly pleased with the dog and was known to have carried it with him in his pocket." [62]
  7. Illustration from St. Nicholas (1908); original caption: "With an amused bow, the President escorted the Ambassadress around 'Slippers' and kept on his way toward the East Room." [83]
  8. Checkers died in 1964, before Nixon became president, but had played a major role in his electoral career

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Scottish Terrier</span> Black terrier dog breed from Scotland

    The Scottish Terrier, popularly called the Scottie, is a breed of dog. Initially one of the highland breeds of terrier that were grouped under the name of Skye Terrier, it is one of five breeds of terrier that originated in Scotland, the other four being the modern Skye, Cairn, Dandie Dinmont, and West Highland White terriers. They are an independent and rugged breed with a wiry outer coat and a soft dense undercoat. The first Earl of Dumbarton nicknamed the breed "the diehard". According to legend, the Earl of Dumbarton gave this nickname because of the Scottish Terriers' bravery, and Scotties were also the inspiration for the name of his regiment, The Royal Scots, Dumbarton’s Diehard. Scottish Terriers were originally bred to hunt vermin on farms.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Cavalier King Charles Spaniel</span> British breed of toy dog spaniel

    The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) is a British breed of toy dog of spaniel type. Four colours are recognised: Blenheim, tricolour (black/white/tan), black and tan, and ruby; the coat is smooth and silky. The lifespan is usually between eight and twelve years.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Yorkshire Terrier</span> Dog breed

    The Yorkshire Terrier, also known as a Yorkie, is a British breed of toy dog of terrier type. It is among the smallest of the terriers and indeed of all dog breeds, with a weight of no more than 3.2 kg (7 lb). It originated in the nineteenth century in the English county of Yorkshire, after which it is named. The coat is tan on the head and dark steel-grey on the body; no other colour is accepted by either The Kennel Club or the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tibetan Terrier</span> Dog breed

    The Tibetan Terrier is a medium-sized breed of dog that originated in Tibet. Despite its name, it is not a member of the terrier group. The breed was given its English name by European travelers due to its resemblance to known terrier breeds. The Tibetan name for the breed, Tsang Apso, roughly translates to "shaggy or bearded ("apso") dog, from the province of Tsang". Some old travelers' accounts refer to the dog as Dokhi Apso or "outdoor" Apso, indicating a shaggy or bearded working dog which lives outdoors.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Fala (dog)</span> Dog (Scottish Terrier) owned by Franklin D. Roosevelt

    Fala, a Scottish Terrier, was the dog of United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt. One of the most famous presidential pets, Fala was taken to many places by Roosevelt. Given to the Roosevelts by a cousin, Fala knew how to perform tricks; the dog and his White House antics were mentioned frequently by the media and often referenced by Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor. Fala outlived Roosevelt by seven years and was buried near him.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Millie (dog)</span> Pet English Springer Spaniel of Barbara and George H. W. Bush

    Mildred "Millie" Kerr Bush was the pet English Springer Spaniel of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. She was named for Mildred Caldwell Kerr, a long-time friend of the Bushes, which is also the name of Kerr's granddaughter, Millie Kerr.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Dog type</span> Categorization of dogs

    Dog types are broad categories of domestic dogs based on form, function, or style of work, lineage, or appearance. Some may be locally adapted dog types that may have the visual characteristics of a modern purebred dog. In contrast, modern dog breeds strictly adhere to long-established breed standards,[note 1] that began with documented foundation breeding stock sharing a common set of inheritable characteristics, developed by long-established, reputable kennel clubs that recognize the dog as a purebred.

    <i>Pound Puppies</i> (2010 TV series) 2010 multi-national TV series or program

    Pound Puppies is an animated children's television series developed by Wendy Klein Moss, Nancy Steingard, Paul Germain and Joe Ansolabehere for the Hub Network. It premiered on October 10, 2010 in the United States as the first Hub "original series". It also aired on YTV in Canada and on Boomerang in the UK, Ireland and Australia. Produced by Hasbro Studios, it was the second series to adapt Pound Puppies into a cartoon format. Originally a property by Tonka, Hasbro acquired Tonka itself and currently manages Pound Puppies. The plot style and music were similar to the 1960s TV series Hogan's Heroes and to films like Stalag 17 and The Great Escape. The first seven episodes of the series were animated by 9 Story Entertainment, but DHX Media/Vancouver took over to animate the series from episode 8 onwards.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Caesar (dog)</span> Dog owned by King Edward VII (1898–1914)

    Caesar (1898–1914) was a Wire Fox Terrier owned by King Edward VII. He was bred in the kennels of Kathleen, Duchess of Newcastle, and became the constant companion of the King. After the King's death in 1910, the dog attended the funeral and walked in the procession in a prominent position ahead of nine kings and other heads of state. Caesar has been the subject of paintings, and a hand crafted hardstone model created by the House of Fabergé.

    Susan was a Pembroke Corgi dog owned by Queen Elizabeth II that was given to her on her eighteenth birthday. Following the dog's death in 1959, the Queen personally designed a headstone for her grave at Sandringham House. Susan was the first of a long line of Corgis and Dorgis owned by the Queen, all of them descended from Susan. The dogs often accompanied the Queen in her public appearances, and thus came to feature prominently in her public image.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Pushinka</span> Dog given to John F. Kennedy by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

    Pushinka, a dog, was given by the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy, in 1961. Pushinka was the daughter of Strelka, who had travelled into space aboard Korabl-Sputnik 2.

    Dogs in the United States have significant popularity and status – they are often treated as family members. Currently, the American Kennel Club is the largest registry of pure breed dogs across the world.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Champ (dog)</span> Pet dog owned by the Biden family

    Champ was a German Shepherd owned by Joe Biden's family. He joined them in living at the White House in 2021. Champ was the older of the two German Shepherds the Bidens owned at the start of his presidency. The younger German Shepherd was Major.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Major (Joe Biden's dog)</span> Pet dog owned by the Biden family

    Major is a German Shepherd owned by Joe Biden's family. Major, who was born in 2018, is the first shelter dog to live in the White House. Previously, President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jackie had owned two German Shepherds.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Major (Franklin D. Roosevelt's dog)</span> American presidential pet

    Major, a German Shepherd, was a presidential pet belonging to United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt.

    Pete was a pet dog belonging to United States president Theodore Roosevelt. He was one of many presidential pets during Roosevelt's presidency. He was reported to be a bull terrier, though other reports have said he was a Boston bull terrier or bulldog.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Commander (dog)</span> Pet dog owned by the Biden family

    Commander is a German Shepherd owned by President of the United States Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Willow (cat)</span> Pet cat owned by the Biden family

    Willow is an American tabby domestic short-haired cat owned by President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden. Formerly a farm cat, she was adopted by the Biden family from Rick Telesz as part of a campaign promise to adopt a cat into the First Family and is named after Jill Biden's hometown of Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. Willow is the first cat to live in the White House since India, who was owned by President George W. Bush and First Lady Laura Bush.

    References

    1. "Presidential Pet Museum". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on April 10, 2001. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    2. Park, Andrea (February 12, 2019). "Donald Trump Is Still Against Dogs, No Matter How 'Good Politically' They Look". W . Retrieved September 27, 2020.
    3. 1 2 3 4 Longley, Robert (June 29, 2017). "First Pets: Animals in the White House". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
    4. "Famous and Forgotten, Toledo's Laddie Boy, The First Presidential Pet". August 6, 2012. Archived from the original on August 14, 2012.
    5. 1 2 3 4 "The First Family's Pets". The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum. National Archives and Records Administration. May 8, 2017. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
    6. "Presidential Pets". History. April 1, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
    7. "1944 Radio News, 1944-09-23 FDR Teamsters Union Address – Fala (27:45–30:08)". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
    8. "Fala, the dog who helped win a presidential election". National Constitution Center . September 23, 2017. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
    9. 1 2 Anne Emig (Summer 2004). "Presidential pets of the past". K-State Perspective. K-state.edu. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    10. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine; Oct2008, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p22-22, 2/3p[ title missing ]
    11. Trex, Ethan (November 6, 2008). "The Bizarre History of White House Pets". Mental Floss . Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    12. ghostsofdc (August 17, 2012). "LBJ's Beagle Run Over and Killed in White House Driveway". Ghosts of DC. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
    13. Archibold, Randal C. (January 4, 2002). "Buddy, Socks's Nemesis, Is Dead" . The New York Times . Retrieved September 27, 2020.
    14. Weiner, Juli (December 5, 2013). "Sunny Obama and History's Top 10 Most Poorly Behaved White House Pets". Vanity Fair . Retrieved September 27, 2020.
    15. Dunne, Nora (November 15, 2010). "5 children's books by US politicians". Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved September 27, 2020.
    16. Waslsh, Susan (August 4, 2010). "Presidential Pets". CBS News . Retrieved September 27, 2020.
    17. Orin, Deborah (July 1, 1999). "White House Dynasty? It's Just a Matter of Pet-Igree". New York Post . Retrieved September 27, 2020.
    18. "Bushes Mourn Death of Their Dog Spot" . The New York Times . Associated Press. February 22, 2004. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
    19. D'Abruzzo, Diana (October 9, 2015). "Bo Obama turns 7! A look inside the first dog's fetching life". Politico. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
    20. Neuman, Johanna (February 25, 2009). "New first dog: The Obamas choose a Portuguese water dog". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
    21. Roig-Franzia, Manuel (April 12, 2009). "The First Puppy Makes a Big Splash". The Washington Post . Retrieved April 26, 2009.
    22. Feldmann, Lindie (August 20, 2013). "New little girl arrives at White House. Meet Sunny Obama. (+video)". Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved September 28, 2020.
    23. Spillius, Alex (November 11, 2010). "Barack Obama releases children's book Of Thee I Sing" . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
    24. Mackelden, Amy (January 19, 2021). "Joe Biden's Dogs Major and Champ Will Be the First Presidential Pups in the White House in Four Years". Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved February 16, 2021.
    25. Sophie Vershbow (November 7, 2020). "Another Great Thing About Biden's Win: There's Going to Be a Dog in the White House Again!". Vogue . Retrieved November 7, 2020.
    26. "Bidens announce death of 'first dog' Champ". Reuters. June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
    27. Rogers, Kate (January 28, 2022). "Relax, America: Willow, the White House Cat, Has Arrived" . The New York Times . Retrieved January 28, 2022.
    28. 1 2 Montgomery, Mimi (August 14, 2024). "D.C. might not see a presidential pet in the next administration". Axios . Retrieved August 23, 2024.
    29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Pamela Redmond Satran (November 5, 2012). "Do You Have a Dog in This Election? Pets Are Presidential". U.S. News & World Report . Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
    30. "Soldier, Statesman, Dog-Lover: George Washington's Pups". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
    31. "American Foxhound History & Training/Temperament". American Kennel Club. Archived from the original on March 5, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
    32. "Dogs". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
    33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Choron, 20.
    34. Mary V. Thompson. "Donkeys". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
    35. Mary Brigid Barrett. "Presidential Menageries: Washington's Mules and Hounds". Our White House. The National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance. Archived from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
    36. "Nelson (Horse)". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
    37. 1 2 3 4 5 "Spring 1999: Presidential Pets". Inside the White House. nara.gov. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
    38. 1 2 3 4 Doering, Laura (February 14, 2013). "Presidents & Their Pet Parrots". Pet Birds by Lafeber Co. Lafeber. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
    39. Wolf, Alissa. "First Pets: A History of Critters in the White House". About.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
    40. 1 2 Calkhoven, Laurie (2007). George Washington: An American Life. Edison, NJ: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 91. ISBN   9781402735462.
    41. 1 2 3 "White House Pets (1789–1850) – Presidential Pet Museum". Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
    42. "Mockingbirds". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
    43. "Dogs". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
    44. "Grizzly Bears". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
    45. "Caractacus". Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
    46. 1 2 "Sheep". monticello.org. Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
    47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Moberg, Julia (2012). Presidential Pets The Weird, Wacky, Little, Big, Scary, Strange Animals That Have Lived in the White House . Bournemouth, UK: Imagine Publishing. ISBN   978-1-9361-4079-4 . Retrieved August 29, 2024 via Internet Archive text collection.
    48. "Presidential Pets". Papers of James Monroe. September 2, 2022.
    49. "Presidential Pets". Papers of James Monroe. September 2, 2022.
    50. The Handy Science Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. 2011. ISBN   9781578593217 . Retrieved December 22, 2012.
    51. "Louisa Adams Biography". www.firstladies.org. National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
    52. 1 2 Lang, Heather. "Lions and Tigers and Bears, Oh My! Animals at the White House". Our White House. National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance. Archived from the original on September 21, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
    53. Whitcomb, John; Whitcomb, Claire (2002). Real Life at the White House: Two Hundred Years of Daily Life at America's Most Famous Residence. Psychology Press. p. 52. ISBN   9780415939515.
    54. Pearce, John Newton (1963). "1963: "The Creation of the President's House" in Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.". Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. 63/65: 37. JSTOR   40067353.
    55. Truman, Margaret (2016). White House Pets. New Word City. p. 5. ISBN   9781612309392.
    56. Hager, Andrew (February 21, 2018). "Bitten by an Alligator". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
    57. Dorre, Howard (February 19, 2018). "John Quincy Adams's Pet Alligator Was A Crock". Plodding through the Presidents. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
    58. 1 2 Dessem, Matthew (January 31, 2021). "The Best (and Worst) Presidential Pets in American History, Ranked". Slate Magazine. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
    59. The Handy Science Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. 2011. ISBN   9781578593217 . Retrieved October 3, 2015.
    60. 1 2 Dessem, Matthew (January 31, 2021). "The Best (and Worst) Presidential Pets in American History, Ranked". Slate Magazine.
    61. "Apollo, Zachary Taylor's Pony". Presidential Pet Museum. January 6, 2014. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
    62. 1 2 Kate Kelly (August 5, 2015). "Teacup Dogs Owned by President Franklin Pierce". America Comes Alive. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
    63. "The Presidents Of The United States & The Pets They Owned".
    64. King, Gilbert. "The History of Pardoning Turkeys Began With Tad Lincoln". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
    65. Ackermann, Ann Marie (July 11, 2017). "Lincoln's dog Fido: A Faithful Pet Assassinated Like His Master". www.annmarieackermann.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
    66. McClarey, Donald R. (January 30, 2011). "Lincoln's Dog Fido". The American Catholic. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
    67. Coren, Stanley (October 12, 2011). "Why Are Dogs So Frequently Called "Fido"?". Psychology Today. Canine Corner: Sussex Publishers. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
    68. "Where Does the Dog Name Fido Come From?". American Kennel Club. January 1, 2009. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
    69. "Abraham Lincoln's Cats". January 9, 2014. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
    70. "Andrew Johnson's Mice".
    71. Bushong, William. "Presidents as Horsemen". The White House Historical Association. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
    72. "Ulysses S. Grant and His Horses During and After the Civil War". The Ulysses S. Grant Information Center. College of St. Scholastica. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
    73. Sickles letter about Siamese cat. Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center.
    74. 1 2 Kelly, Kate. "Grover Cleveland's Dogs and Other Pets". americacomesalive.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
    75. Ralph, Pat; Cranley, Ellen; Lakritz, Talia (February 18, 2023). "31 photos of the most adorable dogs to live in the White House" . Business Insider . Archived from the original on February 25, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2024. Grover Cleveland's cocker spaniel named Gallagher had a brown coat and ears of "inconvenient length."
    76. 1 2 "Grover Cleveland's Fish". Presidential Pet Museum. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
    77. 1 2 3 "Pets in the White House". White House for Kids. nara.gov. Archived from the original on February 20, 2001. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
    78. Kelly, Kate (August 25, 2013). "The Pets in the Benjamin Harrison White House". America Comes Alive. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
    79. Best, Jama A. "Opossums and the Presidency: A Tail of Intrigue and The White House" (PDF). UA Little Rock Center for Arkansas History and Culture. University of Arkansas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
    80. Cox, Ana Marie (August 20, 2013). "Top 10 presidential pets in US history". The Guardian. Opinion. Archived from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
    81. "1896: The Republican Platform". projects.vassar.edu. Vassar College. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
    82. San Francisco Chronicle. "Russell Harrison's Alligator Didn't Influence His Friends' Luck." May 9, 1890. Via: "FACT CHECK: Were Alligators Ever Kept as White House Pets?". Snopes.com. February 19, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
    83. Riis, Jacob A. (January 1908). ""Slippers," The White House Cat". St. Nicholas . Vol. XXXV, no. 3. p. 203. Retrieved May 29, 2018 via Internet Archive.
    84. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "The Roosevelt Pets". National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2012. (Reprinted from the National Archives and Records Administration)
    85. McClintock, J. N. (1904). New England Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly, Volume 29. Boston: America Company. p. 601. Archived from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
    86. "Theodore Roosevelt's Bleistein". Presidential Pet Museum.
    87. "Horsing' Around – Theodore Roosevelt's Presidential Pets". Ispn.com.
    88. Roosevelt, Theodore (June 21, 1904). "53. Bill the Lizard". www.bartleby.com. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
    89. 1 2 Roosevelt, Theodore (May 10, 1903). "20. More Treasures". www.bartleby.com. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
    90. "Why did Alice Roosevelt own a pet snake named Emily Spinach?". www.childrensmuseum.org. The Children's Museum of Indianapolis. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
    91. "Presidential Pets". CBS News. CBS Interactive Inc. October 4, 2016. Archived from the original on May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
    92. Roosevelt, Theodore (1919). Bishop, Joseph B. (ed.). Letters to his children. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 19. ISBN   9781623769864 . Retrieved February 4, 2018.
    93. Thompson, Madeleine (September 15, 2015). "A Small Bear Named Jonathan Edwards". WCS Archives Blog. Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from the original on February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
    94. Tanner, Beccy (September 10, 2012). "Pet Kansas badger once roamed White House". Wichita Eagle. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
    95. Roosevelt, Theodore (May 28, 1904). "49. Peter Rabbit's Funeral". www.bartleby.com. Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
    96. Twain, Mark (1872). "Chapter LXI". Roughing It. Archived from the original on March 25, 2006. Retrieved May 7, 2018 via Project Gutenberg.
    97. "America's First Presidential Hyena". Ethiopianism-Ethiopiawinet Online Revival. November 14, 2012. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
    98. "A history of presidential pets". Ketk.com. August 11, 2023.
    99. "Presidential pets: The Roosevelts' menagerie". CBS News. November 27, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
    100. "Lions, tigers and bears: the US presidents who took animal ownership to extremes". The Guardian. April 23, 2020. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
    101. "William Taft's Caruso". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
    102. "Pauline Wayne, President Taft's Famous Cow". Presidential Pet Museum. July 22, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2020.
    103. 1 2 3 4 Kelly, Kate (August 15, 2012). "The Pets of Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)". America Comes Alive. Archived from the original on May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
    104. "Why did President Woodrow Wilson keep a flock of sheep on the White House lawn?". White House Historical Association. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
    105. "White House Pets in the Past". WhiteHouseHistory.org. White House Historical Association. Gallery image description: 6 / 7. Archived from the original on December 21, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
    106. Betsy (July 1, 2013). "Pay a Call on Petey the Canary at Warren G. Harding's Marion Home". Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
    107. "Pete, pet squirrel at the Executive Mansion, is causing Laddie Boy to look to his laurels". Library of Congress . Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
    108. "Warren Harding's Pete". Archived from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
    109. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pietrusza, David. ""Wombats and Such": Calvin and Grace Coolidge and Their Pets". www.davidpietrusza.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
    110. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Houghton, Leah. "The Coolidge Pets". coolidgefoundation.org. Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
    111. 1 2 Stephen Bauer, At Ease in the White House: Social Life as Seen by a Presidential Military Aide, Taylor Trade Publications, 2004. ISBN   1-58979-079-0. p. 224.
    112. 1 2 3 Costello, Matthew (June 8, 2018). "Raccoons at the White House". The White House Historical Association. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
    113. Roby, Marguerite (September 25, 2012). "Goody Goody Gumdrops". Smithsonian Institution Archives. Archived from the original on November 9, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
    114. Theis, Michael (May 16, 2013). "Hoover's Opossum Brings Luck to Hyattsville Baseball Team". Hyattsville, MD Patch. Patch Media. Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
    115. "Hoover Possum Promised Lads". The Spokesman-Review . Spokane Wash. Associated Press. July 16, 1929. p. 9. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
    116. Burris, Cassie. "Ohio History". OhioHistory.org. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
    117. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Sandra Choron, Planet Dog: A Doglopedia, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005, ISBN   0-618-51752-9. p. 21.
    118. Amy Ruth, Herbert Hoover, Twenty-First Century Books, 2004, ISBN   0-8225-0821-4. p. 64.
    119. Wayne Bryant Eldridge, Tom Kerr The Best Pet Name Book Ever!, Barron's Educational Series, 2003, ISBN   0-7641-2499-4. p. 29.
    120. "FDR's German Shepherd, Major". Presidential Pet Museum. March 5, 2016. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
    121. Wanshel, Elyse (March 31, 2021). "FDR's German Shepherd, Major, Had A History Of 'Biting Incidents,' Too". HuffPost. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
    122. "President Truman's Dog, Feller". Highland-ohio.com. January 12, 1948. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    123. "Prezs' best friend: Dogs, cats and a raccoon among presidential pets over the years". NBC News. February 20, 2017. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018. (slide 11/26)
    124. "All the Presidents Dogs: Photos of White House Pets". Businessinsider.com. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
    125. West, Tracey (2016). Hail to the Chief!: Fun Facts and Activities about the US Presidents . New York: Penguin Young Readers Group. ISBN   9-780-3995-4146-9 . Retrieved August 29, 2024 via Google Books.
    126. "White House Pets". Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum & Boyhood Home. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
    127. Grove, Noel. Inside the White House Stories From the World's Most Famous Residence Foreword By Former First Lady Laura Bush. ISBN   978-1-4262-1681-7.
    128. Sally Bedell Smith, Grace And Power, Random House, Inc., 2006, ISBN   0-345-48497-5, p. 219.
    129. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Pets – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum". Jfklibrary.org. December 3, 1961. Archived from the original on August 22, 2006. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    130. "Caroline Kennedy's Pet Ducks". White House Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
    131. "White House Christmas Cards & Messages from John F. Kennedy". January 17, 2010. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
    132. Smith, 125.
    133. Robert Knudsen. "KN-C30039. Kennedy Family with Pony, Leprechaun". White House Photographs. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2018.
    134. Morrow, Laurie Bogart (October 9, 2012). The Giant Book of Dog Names. Simon and Schuster. p. 414. ISBN   9781451666915.
    135. "JFK's German shepherd, Clipper". January 24, 2016. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
    136. Smith, 293, 489.
    137. 1 2 3 4 "President Johnson's Dogs". Lyndon B. Johnson Library and Museum. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007.
    138. 1 2 3 4 Bryant, Traphes, with Frances Spatz Leighton, Dog Days at the White House: The Outrageous Memoirs of the Presidential Kennel Keeper, New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1975. ISBN   0-671-80533-9
    139. Thomas, Nick (February 19, 2018). "A salute to the presidents' pets". NewsOK.com. The Oklahoman. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
    140. "Lyndon B. Johnson's Pet Info". Exoticdogs.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    141. Dumont, Brianna. Weird But True know-it-all U.S. Presidents.
    142. 1 2 3 "Nixon Family Pets". Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. April 19, 2022.
    143. 1 2 3 "Richard M. Nixon". June 5, 2004. Archived from the original on June 5, 2004.
    144. Bauer, 8.
    145. "Ford Family White House and Pets". Ford Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009.
    146. Tribune, Chicago (August 20, 2013). "Presidential pets". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
    147. "Presidential Pooch – Grits, the Impeached First Dog | Bully Sticks". Bullysticksinfo.com. November 21, 2008. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    148. Diego, Alpha (November 14, 2016). "Presidential Dogs: Past U.S. Presidents and Their Fur Babies". dogbreedsjournal.com. Dog Breeds Journal. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
    149. "Ronald Reagan Presidential Library". Reagan.utexas.edu. Archived from the original on June 21, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
    150. 1 2 3 4 5 Stanley Coren, Why Does My Dog Act That Way?, Simon and Schuster, 2007, ISBN   0-7432-7707-4. p. 6.
    151. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stanley Coren, Why We Love the Dogs We Do: How to Find the Dog That Matches Your Personality, Simon and Schuster, 2000, ISBN   0-684-85502-X. p. 5.
    152. Coren, Why Does my Dog..., 7.
    153. "Ronald Reagan's Ranch Horses – Presidential Pet Museum". Presidential Pet Museum. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
    154. "President Reagan, whose favorite horse died last month, rode..." UPI. Archived from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
    155. "Ranch". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library – National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
    156. Davis, Kenneth C. Don't Know Much About the Presidents.
    157. George H. W. Bush, All the Best, George Bush Simon and Schuster, 2000, p. 595, correspondence from September 10, 1996, ISBN   0-7432-0048-9 , 978-0-7432-0048-6
    158. 1 2 Bailey, Holly (April 24, 2013). "Laura Bush: New library is not 'a monument' to her husband". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
    159. Barack Obama (August 19, 2013). "Meet the newest member of the Obama family: Sunny". Facebook. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
    160. Hannah August (August 19, 2013). "Meet Sunny: The Obamas' New Puppy". The White House Blog. Archived from the original on August 20, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
    161. Harvard, Sarah (February 12, 2019). "Trump explains why he is the only president in 100 years to not have a dog". The Independent . Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    162. 1 2 Sophie Vershbow (November 7, 2020). "Another Great Thing About Biden's Win: There's Going to Be a Dog in the White House Again!". Vogue . Retrieved November 7, 2020.
    163. Bennett, Kate. "Bidens add to their family with new first puppy – CNNPolitics". Cnn.com. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
    164. "Biden's dog Commander no longer at White House after biting incidents". AP News. October 5, 2023.
    165. Kate Bennett (June 17, 2022). "As presidential cat, Willow Biden has privileges". CNN. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
    166. Haroun, Azmi (January 26, 2023). "Biden confirms that White House cat Willow has 'no limits' and sleeps on top of his head at night". Business Insider . Retrieved January 30, 2023.
    167. Madison, Lucy (August 22, 2011). "Biden gets a Mongolian horse, names it "Celtic" - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
    168. Memoli (August 22, 2011). "For Biden in Mongolia, a horse named Celtic". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 1, 2024.