Weimaraner

Weimaraner
Short-haired bitch, two years old
Origin	Germany
Traits Height Males 59–70 cm (23–28 in) [1] Females 57–65 cm (22–26 in) [1] Weight Males 30–40 kg (66–88 lb) [1] Females 25–35 kg (55–77 lb) [1] Life span 11–14 years [2]
Kennel club standards Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen standard Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog ( domestic dog )

The Weimaraner ^{[lower-alpha 1]} is a German breed of hunting dog of medium to large size, with history going back at least to the nineteenth century. ^[3]

It originated in the area of the city of Weimar (then in Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, now in the state of Thuringia), for which it is named. ^[4] It was recognised as a breed in 1891. It is an all-purpose gun dog, characterised by its speed and stamina, its good nose and eye, and its courage and intelligence; ^[5] in Germany it is not considered suitable for keeping as a companion dog. ^[4]

History

Many theories of the origin of the Weimaraner have been advanced, but there are few documented historical facts; silver-grey dogs are shown in paintings by Antoon van Dyck in the seventeenth century and by Jean-Baptiste Oudry in the eighteenth. ^{[6] : 543  [4]} The breed is believed to have originated in the area of the city of Weimar (then in Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, now in the state of Thuringia) – the city from which its name derives. ^{[6] : 543  [4]} It is sometimes claimed that the dogs were kept at the court of Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, in the early nineteenth century. ^[1]

From 1879 the dogs were considered to be a blue variant of the German Short-haired Pointer, and were eligible for registration in the stud-book of the Kurzhaar Klub. ^{[6] : 545} They first appeared at a dog show in 1880, when fourteen examples were presented in Berlin. These were of three differing types, from three different kennels: the traditional Thüringer Hund; the Weißenfelser Hund, which was rather more elegant; and the Sanderslebener, which was intermediate between the two. ^{[6] : 545} The Weimaraner was recognised as a distinct breed in 1891. ^[4] A breed standard was drawn up in 1896, and in 1897 a breed association was established in Erfurt with the name Verein zur Reinzucht des silbergrauen Weimaraner-Vorstehhund; ^{[lower-alpha 2]} this was soon changed to Verein zur Züchtung des Weimaraner Vorstehhundes. ^{[6] : 545  [7] [lower-alpha 3]}

In the early years of the twentieth century – the time of the Great War – the Weimaraner came close to extinction; it was reconstituted from the few surviving examples of the breed. ^{[6] : 545  [8] : 237}

It was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1954. ^[9]

In the fifteen years from 2007 to 2021, the annual number of new registrations in Germany averaged about 485, with a low of 390 and a high of 607. ^[10]

Characteristics

Long-haired bitch

The Weimaraner is of medium to large size: dogs stand some 59 to 70 cm at the withers, bitches about 57 to 65 cm; weights are in the range 30–40 kg for dogs, 25–35 kg for bitches. ^{[1] [11]}

The coat may be either short or long; a double coat of intermediate length is sometimes seen. ^[1] The coat may be mouse-grey, roe-grey or silver-grey in various shades, or of a colour intermediate between these; minor white markings to the feet and chest are tolerated. ^[1] The eyes are amber, ranging from pale to dark; the ears are pendent, with rounded tips. ^[1]

Among the neurological diseases associated with the Weimaraner are cerebellar hypoplasia, hypomyelinogenesis and spinal dysraphism. ^{[12] : 6} Other diseases or defects to which it has some genetic or statistical predisposition include corneal dystrophy, distichiasis, entropion, eversion of the cartilage of the nictitating membrane, generalised demodicosis, medial canthal pocket syndrome, refractory corneal ulceration and XX sex reversal, ^{[13] : 153} and also – in dogs only – Weimaraner neutrophil dysfunction, ^{[14] : 928} pododermatitis and tricuspid dysplasia. ^{[13] : 153}

A 2024 UK study found a median lifespan of 12.8 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds. ^[15]

• 
  A long-haired bitch
• 
• 
  Blue is not an accepted colour
• 

Use

The Weimaraner is a versatile hunting dog, and may be used to track, point to, flush or retrieve birds or other game. ^[5] Registration is subject to successful completion of a working trial. ^[1] In Germany it is not considered to be suitable for keeping as a companion dog. According to the breed club, it "... basically belongs in the hands of hunters due to its development and its characteristics ... It is not a companion dog, but a hunting dog through and through. As such, it needs work in practical hunting in order to preserve its balanced nature"; ^{[lower-alpha 4]} whelps are placed mainly with hunters. ^[4]

Notes

1. /ˈvaɪmərɑːnər/ VY-mər-ah-nər)
2. 'Association for the pure breeding of the silver-grey Weimaraner Pointer'
3. 'Association for breeding the Weimaraner Pointer'
4. "Es ist einleuchtend, dass der Weimaraner auf Grund seiner Entwicklung und seiner Eigenschaften grundsätzlich in Jägerhände gehört. ... Er ist kein Begleithund, sondern ein Jagdhund durch und durch. Als solcher benötigt er Arbeit im praktischen Jagdbetrieb, um sein ausgeglichenes Wesen zu bewahren"

References

1. FCI-Standard N° 99: Weimaraner. Thuin, Belgium: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed April 2024.
2. D.G. O’Neill, D.B. Church, P.D. McGreevy, P.C. Thomson, D.C. Brodbelt (2013). Longevity and mortality of owned dogs in England. The Veterinary Journal. 198 (3): 638–43. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.020. Archived 31 December 2019. "n=26, median=12.6, IQR=11.1–13.5"
3. Gundog: Weimaraner. London: The Kennel Club Limited. Accessed June 2024.
4. Die Rasse des Monats: Weimaraner (in German). Dortmund: Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen. Archived 5 August 2020.
5. [s.n.] ([s.d.]). Weimaraner. Edinburgh: Gundog Journal. Archived 3 December 2021.
6. Hans Räber (1995). Enzyklopädie der Rassenhunde: Ursprung, Geschichte, Zuchtziele, Eignung und Verwendung (volume 2, in German). Stuttgart: Franckh-Kosmos. ISBN   9783440067529.
7. Verein (in German). Weimaraner Klub e.V. Archived 25 October 2023.
8. Gabriele Lehari (2013 [2009]). 400 Hunderassen von A - Z (third edition, in German). Stuttgart (Hohenheim): Eugen Ulmer KG. ISBN   9783800178827.
9. FCI breeds nomenclature: Weimaraner (99). Thuin, Belgium: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed April 2024.
10. Welpenstatistik (in German). Dortmund: Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen. Archived 21 February 2024.
11. Weimaraner (Kurzhaar) (in German). Dortmund: Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen. Archived 24 September 2023.
12. Ronaldo C. Da Costa, Curtis W. Dewey (2015). Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology, third edition, ebook. Ames, Iowa: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   9781119062042.
13. Alex Gough, Alison Thomas (2004). Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN   9781405107488.
14. Etienne Côté, Stephen J. Ettinger, Edward C. Feldman (editors) (2024). Ettinger’s Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, ninth edition, volume 1. Philadelphia: Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN   9780443107856.
15. Kirsten M. McMillan, Jon Bielby, Carys L. Williams, Melissa M. Upjohn, Rachel A. Casey, Robert M. Christley (2024). Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports. 14 (1): 531, supplementary table 3. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN   2045-2322.