New York Herald

Last updated

New York Herald
New-York-Herald-June-20-1861.jpg
Cover of New York Herald on June 20, 1861, covering news of the American Civil War
TypeDaily newspaper
Format Broadsheet
Publisher James Gordon Bennett, Sr.
James Gordon Bennett, Jr.
Founded1835;189 years ago (1835)
Ceased publication1924
Headquarters Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.
Circulation 84,000 (1861)
New York Herald Building (1908) by architect Stanford White. It was demolished in 1921 New York Herald Building c1895; demolished 1921.jpg
New York Herald Building (1908) by architect Stanford White. It was demolished in 1921
Francois Flameng (1856-1923), A winter evening in a crowded Herald Square at the New York Herald Building, oil on board 62.4 x 52.4 cm, signed l.r. and dated 1909. Provenance: Simonis & Buunk Fine Art, The Netherlands. Simonis & Buunk, Francois Flameng, A winter evening in a crowded Herald Square at the New York Herald Building.jpg
François Flameng (1856–1923), A winter evening in a crowded Herald Square at the New York Herald Building, oil on board 62.4 x 52.4 cm, signed l.r. and dated 1909. Provenance: Simonis & Buunk Fine Art, The Netherlands.

The New York Herald was a large-distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between 1835 and 1924. At that point it was acquired by its smaller rival the New-York Tribune to form the New York Herald Tribune .

Contents

History

The New York Herald, December 8, 1862 New York Herald 8 December 1862.jpg
The New York Herald, December 8, 1862

The first issue of the paper was published by James Gordon Bennett Sr., on May 6, 1835. [1] The Herald distinguished itself from the partisan papers of the day by the policy that it published in its first issue: "We shall support no party—be the agent of no faction or coterie, and we care nothing for any election, or any candidate from president down to constable," although it was typically considered sympathetic to the Jacksonian Democratic Party and later, President John Tyler. Bennett pioneered the "extra" edition during the Herald's sensational coverage of the Robinson–Jewett murder case. [2]

By 1845 it was the most popular and profitable daily newspaper in the United States. [1] In 1861 it circulated 84,000 copies and called itself "the most largely circulated journal in the world." [3] Bennett stated that the function of a newspaper "is not to instruct but to startle and amuse." [4] [5] His politics tended to be anti-Catholic and he had tended to favor the "Know Nothing" faction, but he was not so anti-immigrant as the Know-Nothing Native American Party.[ citation needed ] During the American Civil War, Bennett's policy, as expressed by the newspaper, was to staunchly support the Democratic Party.[ clarification needed ] Frederic Hudson served as managing editor of the paper from 1846 to 1866. During the mid-19th century, the New York Herald adopted a proslavery stance, with Bennett arguing that the Compromise of 1850 would lead to "but little anxiety entertained in relation to the question of slavery, the public mind will be so fatigued that it will be disinclined to think of the matter any further." [6]

In April 1867 Bennett turned over control of the paper to his son James Gordon Bennett Jr. [7] Under James Jr., the paper financed Henry Morton Stanley's expeditions into Africa to find explorer David Livingstone, where they met on November 10, 1871. [8] The paper also supported Stanley's trans-Africa exploration. In 1879 it supported the ill-fated expedition of George W. De Long to the Arctic region.

In 1874 the Herald ran the New York Zoo hoax, [9] [10] in which the front page of the newspaper was devoted entirely to a fabricated story of wild animals getting loose at the Central Park Zoo and attacking numerous people.

On October 4, 1887, Bennett Jr. sent Julius Chambers to Paris, France, to launch its European Edition. Later he moved to Paris himself, but the New York Herald suffered from his attempt to manage its operation in New York by telegram. In 1916 a Saturday issue of the paper reported that a major financier was found dead from poisoning; it added that in 1901 he was "mysteriously poisoned and narrowly escaped death." [11]

After Bennett Jr. died in 1918, Frank Munsey acquired control of the New York Herald (including its European Edition). [12] In 1924 Munsey sold the paper to the family of Ogden Reid, owners of the New-York Tribune , creating the New York Herald Tribune (and the International Herald Tribune with a divergent future).

When the Herald was still under the authority of its original publisher Bennett Sr., it was considered to be the most intrusive and sensationalist of the leading New York papers.[ citation needed ] Its ability to entertain the public with timely daily news made it the leading circulation paper of its period.

European edition

A plaque on a building on Avenue de l'Opera in Paris commemorates where Bennett Jr. founded the European Edition of the New York Herald and notes that it eventually became the International Herald Tribune Plaque James Gordon Bennett Jr., 49 avenue de l'Opera, Paris 2.jpg
A plaque on a building on Avenue de l'Opéra in Paris commemorates where Bennett Jr. founded the European Edition of the New York Herald and notes that it eventually became the International Herald Tribune

During the time of original publisher Bennett, the New York Herald was perhaps the best-known American paper in Europe. [13] Its first issue came out on October 4, 1887. [14] The official name of the paper on its front page masthead was The New York Herald European Edition—Paris. [15] But it became widely known as simply the Paris Herald. [16]

Publisher Bennett Jr. referred to the paper as a "village publication" for the circle of people in Paris who were interested in international news. [17] Indeed, during its first decades of publication, a feature of the paper was a list of every American known to be in Paris at the time, culled from inspections of hotel registries. [14] Even as the paper's audience grew, most of its readers were in France or countries near France. [17]

The European edition consistently lost money into the 1910s. [14] As the time of Paris in World War I began, Bennett Jr. kept the paper running, even during the First Battle of the Marne when some French papers shut down. [14] When the American Expeditionary Forces began arriving in France in 1917, demand for the Paris Herald soared, with eventually some 350,000 copies being printed each day and the edition finally becoming profitable. [14]

The European edition subsequently became a mainstay of American expatriate culture in Europe. In Ernest Hemingway's novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926), the first thing the novel's protagonist Jake Barnes does on returning from Spain to France is buy the New York Herald from a kiosk in Bayonne in the Basses-Pyrénées department and read it at a café. [18]

Evening Telegram

The New York Evening Telegram was founded in 1867 by the junior Bennett, and was considered by many to be an evening edition of the Herald. Frank Munsey acquired the Telegram in 1920 and ended its connection to the Herald. [19]

Commemorated

James Gordon Bennett Memorial featuring Minerva and the Bellringers by Antonin Carles in Herald Square James Gordon Bennett Memorial, Minerva and the Bell Ringers, Herald Square, NYC.jpg
James Gordon Bennett Memorial featuring Minerva and the Bellringers by Antonin Carlès in Herald Square

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>The New York Times International Edition</i> English-language international newspaper

The New York Times International Edition is an English-language daily newspaper distributed internationally by the New York Times Company. It has been published in two separate periods, one from 1943 to 1967 and one from 2013 to the present.

<i>New York World-Telegram</i> New York City newspaper (1931–1966)

The New York World-Telegram, later known as the New York World-Telegram and The Sun, was a New York City newspaper from 1931 to 1966.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Gordon Bennett Jr.</span> American publisher (1841–1918)

James Gordon Bennett Jr. was an American publisher. He was the publisher of the New York Herald, founded by his father, James Gordon Bennett Sr. (1795–1872), who emigrated from Scotland. He was generally known as Gordon Bennett to distinguish him from his father. Among his many sports-related accomplishments he organized both the first polo match and the first tennis match in the United States, and he won the first trans-oceanic yacht race. He sponsored explorers including Henry Morton Stanley's trip to Africa to find David Livingstone, and the ill-fated USS Jeannette attempt on the North Pole.

<i>New-York Tribune</i> Defunct American newspaper

The New-York Tribune was an American newspaper founded in 1841 by editor Horace Greeley. It bore the moniker New-York Daily Tribune from 1842 to 1866 before returning to its original name. From the 1840s through the 1860s it was the dominant newspaper first of the American Whig Party, then of the Republican Party. The paper achieved a circulation of approximately 200,000 in the 1850s, making it the largest daily paper in New York City at the time. The Tribune's editorials were widely read, shared, and copied in other city newspapers, helping to shape national opinion. It was one of the first papers in the North to send reporters, correspondents, and illustrators to cover the campaigns of the American Civil War. It continued as an independent daily newspaper until 1924, when it merged with the New York Herald. The resulting New York Herald Tribune remained in publication until 1966.

<i>New York Herald Tribune</i> Defunct American newspaper

The New York Herald Tribune was a newspaper published between 1924 and 1966. It was created in 1924 when Ogden Mills Reid of the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. It was regarded as a "writer's newspaper" and competed with The New York Times in the daily morning market. The paper won twelve Pulitzer Prizes during its lifetime.

<i>The Sun</i> (New York City) American daily newspaper (1833–1950)

The Sun was a New York newspaper published from 1833 until 1950. It was considered a serious paper, like the city's two more successful broadsheets, The New York Times and the New York Herald Tribune. The Sun was the first successful penny daily newspaper in the United States, and was for a time, the most successful newspaper in America.

<i>Baltimore News-American</i> Defunct daily newspaper in Maryland, US

The Baltimore News-American was a broadsheet newspaper published in downtown Baltimore, Maryland until May 27, 1986. It had a continuous lineage of more than 200 years. For much of the mid-20th century, it had the largest circulation in the city.

<i>Washington Times-Herald</i> Newspaper formerly published in Washington, D.C.

The Washington Times-Herald (1939–1954) was an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It was created by Eleanor "Cissy" Patterson of the Medill–McCormick–Patterson family when she bought The Washington Times and The Washington Herald from the syndicate newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst (1863–1951), and merged them. The result was a "24-hour" newspaper, with 10 editions per day, from morning to evening.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Munsey</span> American publisher and politician (1854-1925)

Frank Andrew Munsey was an American newspaper and magazine publisher, banker, political financier and author. He was born in Mercer, Maine, but spent most of his life in New York City. The village of Munsey Park, New York, is named for him, along with The Munsey Building in downtown Baltimore, Maryland, at the southeast corner of North Calvert and East Fayette Streets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Gordon Bennett Sr.</span> Scottish-born American businessman (1795–1872)

James Gordon Bennett Sr. was a British-born American businessman who was the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald and a major figure in the history of American newspapers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of American journalism</span>

Journalism in the United States began humbly and became a political force in the campaign for American independence. Following independence, the first amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteed freedom of the press and freedom of speech. The American press grew rapidly following the American Revolution. The press became a key support element to the country's political parties, but also for organized religious institutions.

<i>New York Evening Mail</i> Daily newspaper in New York City (1867–1924)

The New York Evening Mail (1867–1924) was an American daily newspaper published in New York City. For a time the paper was the only evening newspaper to have a franchise in the Associated Press.

<i>New York Evening Telegram</i> Defunct newspaper from New York City

The New York Evening Telegram was a New York City daily newspaper. It was established in 1867. The newspaper was published by James Gordon Bennett, Jr., and it was said to be considered to be an evening edition of the New York Herald.

<i>Los Angeles Examiner</i> Defunct newspaper in Los Angeles, Calif., US

The Los Angeles Examiner was a newspaper founded in 1903 by William Randolph Hearst in Los Angeles. The afternoon Los Angeles Herald-Express and the morning Los Angeles Examiner, both of which had been publishing in the city since the turn of the 20th century, merged in 1962. For a few years after this merger, the Los Angeles Herald Examiner claimed the largest afternoon-newspaper circulation in the country, publishing its last edition on November 2, 1989.

The Killeen Daily Herald is a daily newspaper in Killeen, Texas. The newspaper is owned by Frank Mayborn Enterprises, Inc.

<i>International Herald Tribune</i> English-language international newspaper

The International Herald Tribune (IHT) was a daily English-language newspaper published in Paris, France, for international English-speaking readers. It had the aim of becoming "the world's first global newspaper" and could fairly be said to have met that goal. It published under the name International Herald Tribune starting in 1967, but its origins as an international newspaper trace back to 1887. Sold in over 160 countries, the International Herald Tribune was an innovative newspaper that continued to produce a large amount of unique content until its closure in 2013.

<i>New York Evening Express</i> American newspaper

The New York Evening Express (1836–1881) was a 19th-century American newspaper published in New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constantin de Grimm</span> Russian illustrator

Constantin de Grimm also known as Baron de Grimm, was a Russian illustrator known internationally for his caricatures in publications such as the Vanity Fair, Kladderadatsch (Germany), The Evening Telegram (US), and the German edition of Puck, of which he was founder. He served multiple times as president of the German Press Club.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bennett Building (New York City)</span> Historic building in Manhattan, New York

The Bennett Building is a cast-iron building in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The building is on the western side of Nassau Street, spanning the entire block from Fulton Street to Ann Street. While the Bennett Building contains a primary address of 93-99 Nassau Street, it also has entrances at 139 Fulton Street and 30 Ann Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">May Birkhead</span> American fashion and society reporter (1882 – 1941)

May Rule Birkhead (1882–1941) was an American fashion and society reporter who reported from Paris between 1913 and 1941. She wrote primarily for the Paris editions of the New York Herald and the Chicago Tribune, and also contributed to the New York Times and as a radio correspondent for NBC News.

References

  1. 1 2 Crouthamel, James (1989). Bennett's New York Herald and the Rise of the Popular Press. Syracuse University Press.
  2. ↑ Cohen, Daniel (2000). Yellow Journalism. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 14–15. ISBN   0761315020.
  3. ↑ Sandburg, Carl (1942). Storm Over the Land. Harcourt, Brace and Company. p. 87.
  4. ↑ Katherine Roeder (March 25, 2014). Wide Awake in Slumberland: Fantasy, Mass Culture, and Modernism in the Art of Winsor McCay. Univ. Press of Mississippi. pp. 28–. ISBN   978-1-62674-117-1.
  5. ↑ New Outlook. Outlook Publishing Company, Incorporated. 1892. pp. 489–.
  6. ↑ Greene, Bryan (October 6, 2020). "When Opera Star Jenny Lind Came to America, She Witnessed a Nation Torn Apart Over Slavery". Smithsonian . Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  7. ↑ Harris, Gale (November 21, 1995). "Bennett Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. p. 7. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  8. ↑ Carey, John (March 18, 2007). "A good man in Africa ?". The Sunday Times . Retrieved November 15, 2007.
  9. ↑ Robert E. Bartholomew; Benjamin Radford (October 19, 2011). The Martians Have Landed!: A History of Media-Driven Panics and Hoaxes. McFarland. pp. 84–85. ISBN   978-0-7864-8671-7.
  10. ↑ Connery, T. B. (June 3, 1893). A Famous Newspaper Hoax, Harper's Weekly , p. 534
  11. ↑ "Jacques S. Halle dies". The Sun. New York. December 2, 1916. p. 5.
  12. ↑ "International New York Times (newspaper)". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
  13. ↑ Crouthamel, James L. (1989). Bennett's New York Herald and the Rise of the Popular Press. Syracuse University Press. pp. 56–57. ISBN   9780815624615.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Richard Reeves, "The Paris Tribune at One Hundred", American Heritage Magazine, November 1987. Volume 38, Issue 7.
  15. ↑ "International Herald Tribune Historical Archive 1887–2013" (PDF). Gale Cengage. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  16. ↑ Kluger 1986, pp. 790 and passim.
  17. 1 2 Huebner, Lee W. (Winter 1993–1994). "The Revolution in Global Communications". The Brown Journal of Foreign Affairs. 1 (1): 189–195. JSTOR   24589648.
  18. ↑ "End of an era as venerable 'Herald Tribune' to be reborn as 'International New York Times'". Irish Times . October 12, 2013.
  19. ↑ "The Telegram Sold to Scripps-Howard". The New York Times. February 12, 1927.
  20. ↑ Eve Zibart (2010). The Unofficial Guide to New York City. p. 1678. ISBN   978-0470637234.
  21. ↑ "Herald Square – James Gordon Bennett Memorial". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.