Elizabeth Holtzman

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It was speculated that Holtzman might run in the 1976 United States Senate election in New York. [77] She said that she was "testing the voters" for a senatorial campaign on May 5, 1979. [78] On January 8, 1980, she announced her senatorial candidacy, being the first Democrat to formally announce, for the 1980 election. [79] [80] Linda Davidoff was her campaign manager. [5]

At the state Democratic convention, Holtzman received 38% of the delegate vote on the first ballot, above the required 25% support to appear on the ballot without petitioning, but not enough to gain the party's endorsement. [81] She attempted to gain the Liberal nomination, but the party selected incumbent Senator Jacob Javits. [82] She won the Democratic primary, making her the first woman to win a major-party U.S. Senate nomination in New York. [83] [84]

Holtzman narrowly lost to Republican, Conservative, and Right to Life nominee Al D'Amato, while coming far ahead of Javits, who was running on the Liberal line. [85] D'Amato's victory was attributed to Javits splitting the vote between him and Holtzman. [86] [87] She raised $1,869,183 and spent $2,003,548 during the campaign. [88] She did not concede the election. [5] Holtzman attributed her defeat to a lack of financial support from the Democratic Party and President Jimmy Carter's unpopularity. [89]

It was speculated that Holtzman might run in the 1986 Senate election, but she declined, saying that she would not be able to match D'Amato's fundraising. [5]

1992 election

On February 6, 1992, Holtzman announced her candidacy for the Democratic nomination in the 1992 U.S. Senate election. [90] She filed a complaint against D'Amato to the United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics, accusing him of illegally using his franking privilege, worth $461,000, to send a letter to three million New Yorkers stating that there was not enough evidence to charge him in 1991, but the committee dismissed the complaint. [91] [92] At the state Democratic convention, Holtzman received 28% of the delegate vote on the first ballot, but her support declined to 2% on the second ballot and 1% on the third ballot. Geraldine Ferraro won the endorsement. [93]

Holtzman focused on negative advertising against Ferraro, saying that it was "a legitimate and valid way of showing the voters the differences", as Ferraro was declining to attend debates at the time. Governor Mario Cuomo and Ms. founding editor Letty Cottin Pogrebin criticized her for the ads. [94] [95] [96] Holtzman also demanded that Ferraro donate $340,000 to child sex abuse victims, the amount of rent she had received from Star Distributors Inc., a photographing company that was alleged to be affiliated with the mafia. [97]

Multiple feminists criticized Holtzman for her attacks on Ferraro, including Pogrebin and Bella Abzug, though Betty Friedan endorsed Holtzman. [98] [99] She placed last of the four candidates in the Democratic primary, after having raised $3,037,868 and spent $2,929,109, and was accused of costing Ferraro the primary. [100] [101] [102] Ferraro said that Holtzman's negative campaigning hurt Democratic nominee Robert Abrams in the general election and allowed D'Amato to win reelection. [103]

Local politics

Kings County District Attorney Eugene Gold retired during the 1981 election. [104] Holtzman ran for the office in the Democratic primary against Norman J. Rosen, who was supported by Mayor Ed Koch and Brooklyn's Democratic political machine. [105] During the campaign, Rosen ran a radio commercial that stated, "Liz Holtzman, she's a nice girl; maybe I'd like to have her as a daughter, but not as a DA." [106] She won due to strong support from black voters. [107] Her election made her first female district attorney in New York City and the second in New York State. [84]

Holtzman was an opponent of Meade Esposito, the chair of the Brooklyn Democratic Party and its political machine, during her political career and reduced his control over the district attorney's office. Before her tenure, black people were excluded from working in the homicide bureau. [5] The police union picketed her office in 1985, calling her a "persecutor of cops" and criticizing her for softness on crime after she created a special unit to investigate police brutality. [5]

Harrison J. Goldin ran in the 1989 mayoral election. Holtzman announced her campaign to succeed him as New York City Comptroller on July 16, 1989. [108] In the 1993 primary she was challenged by Alan Hevesi, who had Ferraro's support, and Herman Badillo, who had Koch's. [109] [110]

Fleet Financial Group loaned $455,000 to Holtzman's 1992 senatorial campaign. Sheila Levin, the chief fundraiser for the Re-Elect Liz Holtzman Committee, was investigated by the New York City Department of Investigation and New York County District Attorney for providing false information on the bank application. [111] The NYCDOI report found Holtzman "grossly negligent" and stated that Levin accepted $3,000 in campaign contributions from Fleet executives. [112] Holtzman placed second in the primary and lost the runoff to Hevesi. [113] [114]

Adam Clayton Powell IV worked as an aide to Holtzman during her tenure as comptroller. [115]

Political positions

Equality

Holtzman supported the Equal Rights Amendment and was the leading sponsor of legislation to extend its deadline. [116] [117] She criticized Celler during the 1972 election for opposing the legislation and preventing its passage by the Judiciary Committee. [118]

Holtzman called for George Scratchley Brown, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to be removed from his position after he claimed that Jews controlled the banking system and newspapers. [119]

The Irish Lesbian and Gay Organization was excluded from the 1992 New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade. Holtzman and other elected officials boycotted the parade and instead marched with the ILGO in a separate parade. [120] [121] [122]

Foreign policy

Holtzman voted against the War Powers Resolution, saying that the "actual effect would be to sanction for 123 days combat operations initiated solely by the President". [29] She supported the Nuclear Freeze campaign and ending the testing of nuclear weapons. [123] She traveled to Egypt and Israel on December 20, 1977, and met with President Anwar Sadat and Prime Minister Menachem Begin. [124]

Holtzman criticized President Jimmy Carter for offering to sell fighter planes to Egypt, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. [125] She opposed Carter's decision to reinstitute the Selective Service System registration requirement. [126] She called for Carter to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate Billy Carter's connections with Libya. [127]

Healthcare

During the 1992 election Holtzman proposed the creation of a single-payer healthcare system. [128] [129]

Immigration

Holtzman criticized the Immigration and Naturalization Service in April 1974 for allowing around 50 alleged Nazi war criminals to live in the U.S. In 1977, she and 42 other representatives introduced legislation calling for the deportation of all aliens who had engaged in Nazi war crimes. [130] The INS reopened its case on Andrija Artuković, an Ustaše war criminal, at the request of Holtzman and other members of Congress. [131] Holtzman asked for Austrian President Kurt Waldheim not to be allowed inside the U.S. due to his involvement with the Nazis. [5] In 1977, she proposed legislation, co-sponsored by 39 Democratic and 11 Republican members of the House, that would require the deportation of all aliens who participated in Nazi war crimes and bar them from the U.S. [132]

Holtzman, Joshua Eilberg, Chris Dodd, Hamilton Fish IV, and Edward Mezvinsky traveled to Moscow and Leningrad in 1975 to study the Soviet Union's treatment of Jews. [133] In 1974, she was one of 39 members of Congress to sign a letter asking Nixon to help the 4,500 Syrian Jews. [134] During a speech by Andrei Gromyko at United Nations headquarters, Holtzman and 84 other people protested the Soviet Union's reduction of its Jewish emigration quota. [135]

Holtzman sent a list of South Vietnamese people, including Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, to the INS for investigation of their involvement in war crimes. Nguyễn Ngọc Loan was going to be deported to stand trial in Vietnam for the execution of Nguyễn Văn Lém, but Carter halted his deportation. [136] [137] [138]

In 1975, Holtzman voted against legislation to give Robert E. Lee his citizenship back and unsuccessfully proposed an amendment to extend the citizenship return to draft dodgers and protesters who renounced their citizenship in protest of the Vietnam War. [139] She asked the INS to investigate Sun Myung Moon, asking whether he could be deported for inducing or assisting the entry of illegal immigrants or for failing to report his criminal record. [140] She and Senator Ted Kennedy wrote the Refugee Act. [15]

Ratings

Holtzman was the only member of Congress to receive a 100% rating from Ralph Nader's Public Citizen in 1976, and one of four in 1978. [141] [142] She received a 100% rating from the Consumer Federation of America. [143]

Electoral history

Elizabeth Holtzman
Elizabeth Holtzman.jpg
Holtzman in the 1970s
40th Comptroller of New York City
In office
January 1, 1990 –December 31, 1993
1972 United States House of Representatives New York's 16th congressional district election [34]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Elizabeth Holtzman 96,984 65.58%
Republican Nicholas R. Macchio Jr.33,82822.87%
Liberal Emanuel Celler (incumbent)10,3376.99%
Conservative William Sampol6,7434.56%
Total votes147,892 100.00%
1974 United States House of Representatives New York's 16th congressional district election [41]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Elizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 65,790 70.13%
Liberal Elizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 8,220 8.76%
TotalElizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 74,010 78.89%
Republican Joseph L. Gentili13,40014.28%
Conservative Joseph L. Gentili6,4066.83%
TotalJoseph L. Gentili19,80621.11%
Total votes93,816 100.00%
1976 United States House of Representatives New York's 16th congressional district election [43]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Elizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 86,992 76.70%
Liberal Elizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 7,003 6.17%
TotalElizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 93,995 82.87%
Republican Gladys Pemberton15,09413.31%
Conservative Gladys Pemberton4,3293.82%
TotalGladys Pemberton19,42317.13%
Total votes113,418 100.00%
1978 United States House of Representatives New York's 16th congressional district election [44]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Elizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 52,855 72.51%
Liberal Elizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 6,848 9.39%
TotalElizabeth Holtzman (incumbent) 59,703 81.91%
Republican Larry Penner9,03312.39%
United TaxpayersLarry Penner3720.51%
TotalLarry Penner9,40512.90%
Conservative John H. Fox3,7825.19%
Total votes72,890 100.00%
1980 New York United States Senate Democratic primary [83]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Elizabeth Holtzman 378,567 40.74%
Democratic Bess Myerson 292,76731.50%
Democratic John Lindsay 146,81515.80%
Democratic John J. Santucci 111,12911.96%
Total votes929,278 100.00%
1992 New York United States Senate Democratic primary [100]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Democratic Robert Abrams 426,904 37.02%
Democratic Geraldine Ferraro 415,65036.04%
Democratic Al Sharpton 166,66514.45%
Democratic Elizabeth Holtzman144,02612.49%
Total votes1,153,245 100.00%

Books

See also

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References

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Works cited

Further reading

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 4th congressional district
1973–1981		Succeeded by
New office Chair of the Congressional Women's Caucus
1977–1979		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from New York
(Class 3)
1980 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by
Eugene Gold
 District Attorney of Kings County
1982–1989		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Comptroller of New York City
1990–1993		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded byas former U.S. Representative Order of precedence of the United States
as former U.S. Representative		Succeeded byas former U.S. Representative
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