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This is a list of Indian princely states, as they existed during the British Raj before 1947.
Before the Partition of India in 1947, hundreds[ citation needed ] of princely states , also called native or Indian states, existed in India. These states were not a part of British India but functioned as British protectorates under a subsidiary alliance and some indirect rule. They were the parts of the Indian subcontinent which had not been conquered or annexed by the British, often former vassals of the Mughal badshah (emperor).
The states are listed alphabetically; this list complements the list of princely states of British India, which is arranged by region and agency. Geographical and administrative assigning is indicative, as various names and borders have changed significantly, even entities (provinces, principalities) split, merged, renamed, etc. Furthermore, criteria of statehood (used for inclusion) differ between sources. In some cases, several name variations or completely different names are included.
Name | Gun-salute for ruler | Reign | Merged into | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
from | up to | ||||
Ajaigarh | 11 | 1765 | 1949 | India | |
Akkalkot | 1708 | 1948 | India | ||
Alipura | 1757 | 1950 | India | ||
Alirajpur | 11 | 1437 | 1948 | India | |
Alwar | 15 | 1296 | 1949 | India | |
Amb (Tanawal) | 18xx | 1969 | Pakistan | ||
Ambliara | 1619 | 1943 | India | ||
Angadh | 9 | 1874 | 1947 | India | |
Arakkal | 7 | 1545 | 1819 | India | |
Athgarh | 1178 | 1949 | India | ||
Athamallik | 1874 | 1948 | India | ||
Aundh | 1699 | 1948 | India | ||
Babariawad | 1947 | India | |||
Baghal | 1643 | 1948 | India | ||
Baghat | 1500 | 1948 | India | ||
Bahawalpur | 17 | 1802 | 1955 | Pakistan | |
Balasinor | 9 | 1758 | 1948 | India | |
Ballabhgarh | 1710 | 1867 | Punjab Province | ||
Bamra | 1545 | 1948 | India | ||
Banda | 1790 | 1858 | Bengal Presidency | ||
Banganapalle | 9 | 1665 | 1948 | India | |
Bansda | 9 | 1781 | 1948 | India | |
Banswara | 15 | 1527 | 1949 | India | |
Bantva Manavadar | 1733 | 1947 | India | ||
Baoni | 11 | 1784 | 1948 | India | |
Baramba | 1305 | 1949 | India | ||
Baraundha | 9 | 1549 | 1950 | India | |
Baria | 9 | 1524 | 1948 | India | |
Baroda | 21 | 1721 | 1949 | India | |
Barwani | 11 | 836 | 1948 | India | |
Bashahr | 1412 | 1948 | India | ||
Basoda | 1753 | 1947 | India | ||
Bastar | 1324 | 1948 | India | ||
Baudh | 1874 | 1948 | India | ||
Beja | 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Benares | 13 | 18th century | 1948 | India | |
Beri | c.1750 | 1950 | India | ||
Bhaisunda | 1812 | 1948 | India | ||
Bhajji | late 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Bharatpur | 17 | 17th century | 1947 | India | |
Bhavnagar | 13 | 1723 | 1948 | India | |
Bhopal | 19 | 1707 | 1949 | India | |
Bhor | 9 | 1697 | 1948 | India | |
Bijawar | 11 | 1765 | 1950 | India | |
Bijairaghogarh | 1826 | 1858 | Saugor and Nerbudda Territories | ||
Bikaner | 17 | 1465 | 1947 | India | |
Bonai | 16th century | 1948 | India | ||
Bundi | 17 | 1342 | 1949 | India | |
Cambay | 11 | 1730 | 1948 | India | |
Carnatic Sultanate | 1692 | 1855 | Madras Presidency | ||
Chamba | 11 | c.550 | 1948 | India | |
Changbhakar | 1790 | 1948 | India | ||
Charkhari | 11 | 1765 | 1950 | India | |
Chhatarpur | 11 | 1785 | 1950 | India | |
Chhota Udaipur | 9 | 1743 | 1948 | India | |
Chhuikhadan | 1750 | 1948 | India | ||
Chitral | 11 | 1560 | 1969 | Pakistan | |
Chota Nagpur | 12th century | 1948 | India | ||
Chuda | 1707 | 1948 | India | ||
Cochin | 17 | 12th century | 1949 | India | |
Cooch Behar | 13 | 1586 | 1949 | India | |
Cutch | 17 | 1147 | 1948 | India | |
Charkha | India | ||||
Danta | 9 | 1061 | 1948 | India | |
Darkoti | 11th century | 1948 | India | ||
Daspalla | 1498 | 1948 | India | ||
Datarpur | c.1550 | 1818 | Sikh Empire | ||
Datia | 15 | 1626 | 1950 | India | |
Dedhrota | late 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Dewas Junior | 15 | 1728 | 1948 | India | |
Dewas Senior | 15 | 1728 | 1948 | India | |
Dhami | 1815 | 1948 | India | ||
Dhar | 15 | 1730 | 1947 | India | |
Dharampur | 9 | 1262 | 1948 | India | |
Dhenkanal | 1529 | 1948 | India | ||
Dholpur | 15 | 1806 | 1949 | India | |
Dhrangadhra | 1742 | 1948 | India | ||
Dhrol | 9 | 1595 | 1948 | India | |
Dhurwai | 1690 | 1950 | India | ||
Dimasa | 13th century | 1832 | Bengal Presidency | ||
Dir | 19th century | 1969 | Pakistan | ||
Dungarpur | 15 | 1197 | 1947 | India | |
Faridkot | 11 | 1803 | 1947 | India | |
Gangpur | 1821 | 1948 | India | ||
Garhwal | 11 | 888 | 1949 | India | |
Gaurihar | 1807 | 1950 | India | ||
Gondal | 11 | 1634 | 1949 | India | |
Guler | 1415 | 1813 | Sikh Empire | ||
Gwalior | 21 | 1761 | 1948 | India | |
Hindol | 1554 | 1948 | India | ||
Hunza | 15th century | 1974 | Pakistan | ||
Hyderabad | 21 | 1803 | 1948 | India | |
Idar | 15 | 1257 | 1948 | India | |
Indore | 19 | 1818 | 1948 | India | |
Jafarabad | c.1650 | 1948 | India | ||
Jaipur | 17 | 1128 | 1949 | India | |
Jaisalmer | 15 | 1156 | 1947 | India | |
Jaitpur | 1731 | 1840 | Bengal Presidency | ||
Jalaun | 1806 | 1840 | Bengal Presidency | ||
Jambughoda | late 14th century | 1948 | India | ||
Jamkhandi | 1811 | 1948 | India | ||
Jammu and Kashmir | 21 | 1846 | 1952 | Disputed | |
Jandol | c. 1830 | 1969 | Pakistan | ||
Janjira | 11 | 1489 | 1948 | India | |
Jasdan | 1665 | 1948 | India | ||
Jaora | 13 | 1808 | 1948 | India | |
Jashpur | 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Jaso | 1732 | 1948 | India | ||
Jasrota | 1815 | Sikh Empire | |||
Jaswan | 1170 | 1849 | Sikh Empire | ||
Jath | 1686 | 1948 | India | ||
Jawhar | 9 | 1343 | 1947 | India | |
Jesar | 1947 | India | |||
Jhabua | 11 | 1584 | 1948 | India | |
Jhalawar | 13 | 1838 | 1949 | India | |
Jhansi | 1804 | 1858 | Bengal Presidency | ||
Jigni | 1730 | 1950 | India | ||
Jind | 13 | 1763 | 1948 | India | |
Jobat | 15th century | 1948 | India | ||
Jodhpur (Marwar) | 17 | 1250 | 1949 | India | |
Junagadh | 13 | 1730 | 1948 | India | |
Kahlur | 11 | 697 | 1948 | India | |
Kalahandi | 9 | 1760 | 1947 | India | |
Kalat | 19 | 1666 | 1955 | Pakistan | |
Kalsia | 1006 | 1949 | India | ||
Kamta-Rajaula | 1812 | 1948 | India | ||
Kangra | 11th century | 1810 | Sikh Empire | ||
Kanker | 1947 | India | |||
Kapurthala | 13 | 1772 | 1947 | India | |
Karauli | 17 | 1348 | 1949 | India | |
Kapshi Jagir | mid 17th century | 1956 | India | ||
Katosan | 1674 | 1947 | India | ||
Kawardha | 1751 | 1948 | India | ||
Keonjhar | 12th century | 1948 | India | ||
Keonthal | late 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Khairagarh | 1833 | 1948 | India | ||
Khandpara | 1599 | 1948 | India | ||
Khaniadhana | 1724 | 1948 | India | ||
Kharan | 1697 | 1955 | Pakistan | ||
Kharsawan | 1650 | 1948 | India | ||
Khayrpur | 15 | 1775 | 1955 | Pakistan | |
Khilchipur | 9 | 1544 | 1948 | India | |
Kishangarh | 1611 | 1948 | India | ||
Kittur | 1824 | Bombay Presidency | |||
Kolhapur | 19 | 1707 | 1949 | India | |
Koriya | 17th century | 1948 | India | ||
Kota | 17 | 17th century | 1949 | India | |
Kotharia, Rajasthan | 1527 | 20th century | India | ||
Kotharia, Rajkot | 1733 | 20th century | India | ||
Kothi | 18th century | 1950 | India | ||
Kulpahar | 1700 | 1858 | Bengal Presidency | ||
Kumharsain | 15th century | 1947 | India | ||
Kurundvad Junior | 1854 | 1948 | India | ||
Kurundvad Senior | 1733 | 1948 | India | ||
Kurwai | 1713 | 1948 | India | ||
Kuthar | 17th century | 1947 | India | ||
Kutlehar | 750 | 1810 | Sikh Empire | ||
Lakhtar | 1604 | 1947 | India | ||
Las Bela | 1742 | 1955 | Pakistan | ||
Lathi | 1340 | 1948 | India | ||
Lawa Thikana | 1772 | 1947 | India | ||
Limbda | 1780 | 1948 | India | ||
Limbdi | 9 | c.1500 | 1947 | India | |
Loharu | 9 | 1806 | 1947 | India | |
Lunavada | 9 | 1434 | 1948 | India | |
Vallavpur | 13 | 1434 | 1949 | India | |
Maihar | 9 | 1778 | 1948 | India | |
Makrai | 1663 | 1948 | India | ||
Makran | 18th century | 1955 | Pakistan | ||
Malerkotla | 11 | 1657 | 1948 | India | |
Malpur | 1466 | 1943 | India | ||
Mandi | 11 | 1290 | 1948 | India | |
Manipur | 11 | 1110 | 1949 | India | |
Mayurbhanj | 9 | late 17th century | 1949 | India | |
Miraj Junior | 1820 | 1948 | India | ||
Miraj Senior | c.1750 | 1948 | India | ||
Mohammadgarh | 1842 | 1948 | India | ||
Mohanpur | c.1227 | 1948 | India | ||
Mohrampur Jagir | c. 1580 | 1948 | India | ||
Morvi | 11 | 1698 | 1948 | India | |
Mudhol | 9 | 1465 | 1948 | India | |
Muli | 1470 | 1950 | India | ||
Mysore | 21 | 1399 | 1950 | India | |
Nabha | 13 | 1763 | 1947 | India | |
Nagar | 14th century | 1974 | Pakistan | ||
Nagpur | 1818 | 1853 | Nagpur Province | ||
Nagod(h) | 9 | 1344 | 1950 | India | |
Naigaon Rebai | 1807 | 1949 | India | ||
Nandgaon | 1833 | 1948 | India | ||
Narsinghgarh | 11 | 1681 | 1948 | India | |
Narsinghpur | 1292 | 1948 | India | ||
Nasvadi | India | ||||
Nawanagar | 13 | 1540 | 1948 | India | |
Nayagarh | c.1500 | 1948 | India | ||
Nilgiri | 1125 | 1949 | India | ||
Nazargunj | 1899 | 20th century | India | ||
Orchha | 15 | 1531 | 1950 | India | |
Orissa Tributary States | 12th century | 1948 | India | ||
Oudh | 1732 | 1858 | North-Western Provinces | ||
Pahra | 1812 | 1948 | India | ||
Pal Lahara | 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Palanpur | 1370 | 1948 | India | ||
Paldeo | 1812 | 1948 | India | ||
Palitana | 9 | 1194 | 1948 | India | |
Panna | 11 | 1731 | 1950 | India | |
Patdi | 1741 | 1947 | India | ||
Pataudi | 1804 | 1947 | India | ||
Pathari | 1794 | 1948 | India | ||
Patiala | 17 | 1627 | 1948 | India | |
Patna | 9 | 1191 | 1948 | India | |
Pethapur | 13th century | 1940 | India | ||
Phaltan | 1284 | 1948 | India | ||
Phulra | 1860 | 1950 | Pakistan | ||
Piploda | 1547 | 1948 | India | ||
Porbandar | 13 | 1193 | 1948 | India | |
Pratapgarh | 15 | 1425 | 1949 | India | |
Pudukkottai | 17 | 1680 | 1948 | India | |
Radhanpur | 11 | 1753 | 1948 | India | |
Raigarh | 1625 | 1947 | India | ||
Rairakhol | 12th century | 1948 | India | ||
Rajgarh | 11 | late 15th century | 1948 | India | |
Rajkot | 9 | 1620 | 1948 | India | |
Rajpipla | 13 | 1340 | 1948 | India | |
Rajpur, Baroda | India | ||||
Rajpara | 1724 | 1948 | India | ||
Ramdurg | 1742 | 1948 | India | ||
Ramanka | 1870 | India | |||
Rampur | 15 | 1774 | 1949 | India | |
Ranasan | 17th century | 1943 | India | ||
Ranpur | 17th century | 1948 | India | ||
Ratlam | 13 | 1652 | 1948 | India | |
Rewa | 15 | c.1790 | 1947 | India | |
Sachin | 9 | 1791 | 1948 | India | |
Sailana | 11 | 1736 | 1948 | India | |
Saklana | 11 | 1780 | 1947 | India | |
Sakti | 1948 | India | |||
Sambalpur | 1493 | 1849 | Bengal Presidency | ||
Samthar | 11 | 1760 | 1950 | India | |
Sandur | 1713 | 1949 | India | ||
Sangli | 9 | 1782 | 1948 | India | |
Sant | 9 | 1255 | 1948 | India | |
Saraikela | 1620 | 1948 | India | ||
Sarangarh | 1948 | India | |||
Sardargarh Bantva | 1733 | 1947 | India | ||
Savanur | 1672 | 1948 | India | ||
Satara | 1818 | 1849 | Bombay Presidency | ||
Sawantwadi | 9 | 1627 | 1948 | India | |
Shahpura | 9 | 1629 | 1949 | India | |
Siba | 1450 | 1849 | Punjab Province | ||
Sirmur | 11 | 1095 | 1948 | India | |
Stok jair | 1842 | 1948 | India | ||
Sirohi | 15 | 1405 | 1949 | India | |
Sitamau | 11 | 1701 | 1948 | India | |
Sohawal | 1550 | 1950 | India | ||
Somna | 19th century | 1949 | India | ||
Sonepur | 9 | 1556 | 1948 | India | |
Suket | 11 | 765 | 1948 | India | |
Surat | 1733 | 1842 | Bombay Presidency | ||
Surgana | late 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Surguja | 1543 | 1948 | India | ||
Swat | 1858 | 1969 | Pakistan | ||
Talcher | 12th century | 1948 | India | ||
Taraon | 1812 | 1948 | India | ||
Thanjavur Maratha | 1674 | 1855 | Madras Presidency | ||
Tigiria | 16th century | 1948 | India | ||
Tonk | 17 | 1806 | 1949 | India | |
Torawati | 12th century | 20th century | India | ||
Tori Fatehpur | 1690 | 1950 | India | ||
Travancore | 19 | 1729 | 1949 | India | |
Tripura | 13 | 1400 | 1949 | India | |
Tulsipur | 16th century | 1859 | North-Western Provinces | ||
Udaipur (Mewar) | 734 | 1949 | India | ||
Udaipur (Chhattisgarh) | 1818 | 1948 | India | ||
Vala | 1740 | 1948 | India | ||
Varsoda | 1948 | India | |||
Vijaynagar | 1577 | 1948 | India | ||
Vijaipur | 1542 | 1947 | India | ||
Vallbhapur | 16th century | 1948 | India | ||
Wadagam | 18th century | 1948 | India | ||
Wadhwan | 9 | 1630 | 1948 | India | |
Wankaner | 11 | 1605 | 1948 | India | |
Yasin | 17th century | 1972 | Pakistan |
Punjab, also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India. Punjab's major cities are Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Sialkot, Chandigarh, Shimla, Jalandhar, Patiala, Gurugram, and Bahawalpur.
The governor-general of India was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the emperor/empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the monarch of India. The office was created in 1773, with the title of governor-general of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the governor-general of India.
A princely state was a nominally sovereign entity of the British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the British crown.
The Indian Independence Act 1947 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. The Act received Royal Assent on 18 July 1947 and thus modern-day India and Pakistan, comprising west and east regions, came into being on 15 August.
Medieval India refers to a long period of post-classical history of the Indian subcontinent between the "ancient period" and "modern period". It is usually regarded as running approximately from the break-up of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE to the start of the early modern period in 1526 with the start of the Mughal Empire, although some historians regard it as both starting and finishing later than these points. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the early medieval and late medieval eras.
In India, a privy purse was a payment made to the ruling families of erstwhile princely states as part of their agreements to first integrate with India in 1947 after the independence of India, and later to merge their states in 1949, thereby ending their ruling rights.
Before it gained independence in 1947, India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other consisting of princely states under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remaining to varying degrees in the hands of their hereditary rulers. The latter included 562 princely states which had different types of revenue-sharing arrangements with the British, often depending on their size, population and local conditions. In addition, there were several colonial enclaves controlled by France and Portugal. After independence, the political integration of these territories into an Indian Union was a declared objective of the Indian National Congress, and the Government of India pursued this over the next decade.
A salute state was a princely state under the British Raj that had been granted a gun salute by the British Crown ; i.e., the protocolary privilege for its ruler to be greeted—originally by Royal Navy ships, later also on land—with a number of cannon shots, in graduations of two salutes from three to 21, as recognition of the state's relative status. The gun-salute system of recognition was first instituted during the time of the East India Company in the late 18th century and was continued under direct Crown rule from 1858.
East Punjab was a province of India from 1947 until 1950. It consisted parts of the Punjab province that remained in India following the partition of the province between the new dominions of Pakistan and the Indian Union by the Radcliffe Commission in 1947. The mostly Muslim western parts of the old Punjab became Pakistan's West Punjab, later renamed as Punjab Province, while the mostly Hindu and Sikh eastern parts remained with India.
Gwalior Residency was a political office in the British Indian Empire, which existed from 1782 until the British withdrawal from India in 1947.
The Orissa Tributary States, also known as the Gadajats (ଗଡ଼ଜାତ) and as the Orissa Feudatory States, were a group of princely states of British India now part of the present-day Indian state of Odisha.
Tonk was a princely state in India under the supervision of the Rajputana Agency of the British Raj. It was located primarily in the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan with small portions in Madhya Pradesh. The town of Tonk, which was the capital of the state, had a population of 273,201 in 1901. As a salute state, its ruler, styled the Nawab of Tonk, was granted a 17-gun salute. The state came to an end after the partition of India when the Nawab of Tonk acceded to India. At that time, it was the only princely state of Rajputana with a Muslim ruling dynasty.
Rājputana, meaning Land of the Rajputs, was a region in the Indian subcontinent that included mainly the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan, as well as parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, and some adjoining areas of Sindh in modern-day southern Pakistan.
Dhami was a Princely State situated 26 kilometres (16 mi) west of Shimla, India. Its capital was Halog and the state formed a part of the region known as the Punjab Hill States Agency during the British Raj period. In 1941 it had an area of 73 square kilometres (28 sq mi) and a population of 5,114 people. In 1948 Dhami was made a part of Himachal Pradesh.
Thaker, is a family name referring to the descendants of Kashiraj Thaker, an 11th-century Kashmiri Brahmin who moved to the region of Saurashtra, Gujarat to spread and maintain Hinduism on the request of the Jayasimha Siddharaja, a Hindu Chaulukya king who ruled modern-day Gujarat until 1143. The family rose to prominence within Saurashtran nobility throughout the 12th-19th centuries as Diwans. also started Jambu Brahmins samajjoin Jambu Brahmins samaj
Garhwal kingdom was an independent Himalayan kingdom in the current north-western Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, India, founded in 823 CE by Kanak Pal the progenitor of the Panwar dynasty that ruled over the kingdom uninterrupted until 1803 CE.
Baroda State was a kingdom within the Maratha Confederacy and later a princely state in present-day Gujarat. It was ruled by the Gaekwad dynasty from its formation in 1721 until its accession to the newly formed Dominion of India. With the city of Baroda (Vadodara) as its capital, its relations with the British Raj authorities were managed by the Baroda Residency. The revenue of the state in 1901 was Rs. 13,661,000. Baroda merged into the Dominion of India on 1 May 1949, before which an interim government was formed in the state.
Junagarh or Junagadh was a princely state in Gujarat ruled by the Muslim Babi dynasty in India, which acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan after the Partition of British India. Subsequently, the Union of India annexed Junagadh in 1948, legitimized through a plebiscite held the same year.
Nawab of Junagarh or Junagadh refers to the now defunct ex-lineage of rulers of the princely Junagarh State in British Raj, nowadays Junagadh district in the state of Gujarat in India. There are still several forts and palaces in India which were owned by princely Junagarh family but after Partition of India, this property was claimed by the Indian Government.