Surgana State | |||||||
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Princely State of British India | |||||||
Late 18th century–1948 | |||||||
![]() Surgana State in Nasik Agency during British India | |||||||
Capital | Surgana | ||||||
Demonym | Koli kshatriya | ||||||
Area | |||||||
• 1901 | 932.4 km2 (360.0 sq mi) | ||||||
Population | |||||||
• 1901 | 11,532 | ||||||
• 1921 | 14,912 | ||||||
Legislature | |||||||
• Upper house | Pawar | ||||||
History | |||||||
• Established | Late 18th century | ||||||
1948 | |||||||
| |||||||
Today part of | Maharashtra, India |
Surgana State was a princely state of the Bombay Presidency during the era of the British Raj. [1] It was the only state belonging to the Nasik Agency. Its capital was Surgana in Nashik District of present-day Maharashtra. It was ruled by Kolis of Pawar dynasty. [2] [3]
Surgana State's last ruler signed the instrument of accession to join India in March 1948.
Surgana State was founded before the 1800s. Surgana State became a British protectorate in 1818. [4] The British made Bhikaji Rao as the new chief as he helped them against the Marathas. Bhikaji Rao was murdered in the riot caused by the mother of Malharrao and her brother-in-law, Pilaji. Pilaji was captured and executed by the British. The descendants of Malharrao were allowed the share in revenues of the state in 1846 and were granted an allowance grant in 1877. The chief of the state had powers to elect a Representative Member of the Chambers of Princes from 1921 to 1947. In March 1948, the last chief Dhairyashil Rao signed the Gujarat States Merger Agreement and ceded the state to India.
Later Dhairyashil Rao also served as the Member of the Rajya Sabha in 1952–1968 and 1972–1978.
The Princely State was bordered on the south by Peinth in Nasik, and in the west by the Bansda and Dharampur States.
The rulers of the state bore the title deshmukh . Surgana State's rulers were said to belong to the Mahadev Kolis. [2] [3] [5] [6]
The Maratha Confederacy, also referred to as the Maratha Empire, was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states often subordinate to the former. It was established in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji as the Maratha Chhatrapati and recognised by Emperor Bahadur Shah I as a tributary state in 1707 following a prolonged rebellion. Following this, the Marathas continued to recognise the Mughal emperor as their nominal suzerain, similar to other contemporary Indian entities, though in practice, imperial politics at Delhi were largely influenced by the Marathas between 1737 and 1803.
The Peshwa was second highest office in the Maratha Confederacy, next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom, the office became hereditary after the death of Shahu in 1749. During the reign of Shahu, the office of Peshwa grew in power and the Peshwas came to be the de facto rulers of the Maratha Confederacy. However following the defeat of the Marathas in 1761, the office of the Peshwa became titular as well and from that point onwards served as the ceremonial head of the Confederacy underneath the Chhatrapati.
Gaekwads, a Hindu Maratha dynasty of the former Maratha Confederacy and its subsequent (erstwhile) princely state of Baroda in western India from the early 18th century until 1947. The ruling prince was known as the Maharaja Gaekwad of Baroda. With the city of Baroda (Vadodara) as its capital, during the British Raj its relations with the British were managed by the Baroda Residency. It was one of the largest and wealthiest princely states existing alongside British India, with wealth coming from the lucrative cotton business as well as rice, wheat and sugar production.
Deshmukh (IAST:Dēśamukh) is a historical title conferred to the rulers of a Dēśamukhi. It is used as a surname in certain regions of India, especially in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Telangana and also in Andhra Pradesh and northern parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, Goa whose family received it as a title.
Sayajirao Gaekwad III was the Maharaja of Baroda State from 1875 to 1939, and is remembered for reforming much of his state during his rule. He belonged to the royal Gaekwad dynasty of the Marathas which ruled parts of present-day Gujarat.
Pilajirao Gaekwad was a Maratha general. He is considered to be the founder of the Gaekwad dynasty of the Maratha Empire, who became Maharaja of Baroda.
Nashik district, formerly known as Nasik district, is a district in Maharashtra, India. The city of Nashik is the administrative headquarters of the district. Nashik is well known for the production of wine. Nashik is also known as Mini Maharashtra, because the climate and soil conditions of Surgana, Peth, Igatpuri resembles with Konkan. Niphad, Sinnar, Dindori, Baglan blocks are like Western Maharashtra and Yeola, Nandgaon, Chandwad blocks are like Vidarbha Region. Nashik is the biggest city in the district while Malegaon is the second biggest city. Manmad, Igatpuri, and Sinnar are some of the big cities situated in the Nashik District. Manmad is one of the biggest railway junctions in India while the city of Malegaon is famous for its powerloom.
Surgana is a census town and taluka in Nashik District in the Indian state of Maharashtra.
Rao Bahadur Gopal Hari Deshmukh also known as Lokhitwadi was an Indian activist, thinker, social reformer and writer from Maharashtra. Deshmukh is regarded as an important figure of the Social Reform Movement in Maharashtra.
The Vatandar, or Watandar is an Indian term meaning "landholder". The title was given to landowners, particularly in Maharashtra.
The Kotwal also spelled as Cotwal, or Kotval, was a title used in medieval and early modern period for the leader of a Kot or fort. Kotwals often controlled the fort of a major town or an area of smaller towns on behalf of another ruler. It was similar in function to a British Indian Zaildar From Mughal times the title was given to the local ruler of a large town and the surrounding area. However, the title is also used for leaders in small villages as well. Kotwal has also been translated as Chief police officer. The post of Kotwal was known since ancient times as Kota pala who was the chief of Police.
Baroda State was a kingdom within the Maratha Confederacy and later a princely state in present-day Gujarat. It was ruled by the Gaekwad dynasty from its formation in 1721 until its accession to the newly formed Dominion of India in 1949. With the city of Baroda (Vadodara) as its capital, its relations with the British Raj authorities were managed by the Baroda Residency. The revenue of the state in 1901 was Rs. 13,661,000. Baroda formally acceded to the Dominion of India on 1 May 1949, before which an interim government was formed in the state.
The Mahawar Koli is a subcaste of the Koli people. They are present in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and the capital territory of Delhi. Mahawar Kolis inter-marry with Shakya Kolis but not with any other Koli subcastes. Together with other Koli subcastes, the Shakyawar, Jaiswar, Kabirpanthi, and Shankhwar Kolis of Uttar Pradesh, the Mahawar Kolis worked to uplift Koli social status in Hindu society by supporting the "All India Kshatriya Koli Mahasabha" leaders of Ajmer.
Alirajpur State was formerly a princely state of India, administratively under the Bhopawar Agency subdivision of the Central India Agency. The state covered an area of 2165 square kilometres, with a population of 50,185 in 1901 and its capital at Alirajpur. The average revenue of the state was Rs.100,000 in 1901.
The following list includes a brief about the titles of nobility or orders of chivalry used by the Marathas of India and by the Marathis/Konkanis in general.
Events in the year 1867 in India.
The Raghojirao Ramjirao Bhangre also spell Bhangaria was an Indian revolutionary who challenged and defied the British power in the Bombay Presidency. He was the son of Ramji Bhangare, a Koli who also resisted the British rule and was subsequently hanged in Cellular Jail. He was only ten years old when he took up arms against British rule in Maharashtra.
The Javjirao Hirajirao Bamble also known as Jivaji Bamble was a Koli Mansabdar of Rajur in the Maratha Empire, was the Deshmukh of 60 villages and chief of the Bamble clan. His family had been Vassals since the time of the Bahmani Sultanate. After the death of his father Hiraji Bamble, he succeeded his father.
Naik Govind Rao Khare was the Subedar of the hill fort Ratangarh under Peshwa government in the Maratha Empire. He was born in a farming family of Maharashtra. Khare was a revolutionary of the Indian independence movement who took up arms against the British rule in Maharashtra and declared the end of British rule. he was chief of the Kolis of Khare (Khade) clan and belong to the Mahadev koli family and led the rebellion from 1819 to 1830. his family was chief of the four villages and was tributary to peshwa and enjoying the Deshmukhi.
The Bhangare is a clan (Gotra) of Koli caste found in the Indian state of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
SHANKAR BAO RAVI RAO DESHMUKH, Deshmukh of Surgana State, Born 1849; succeeded to the gadi in 1867. Belongs to a Koli family (aboriginal) origin, and that had the charge, during the period of Muhammadan rule, of one of the great roads from Surat to the Deccan. In 1818 t 5 the Deshmukh, having g attacked a British force, was con quered and hanged, and his cousin was placed on the gadi, The Deshmukh Murár Rao was succeeded by Bhaskar Rao, and the latter by the present Deshmukh.
Surgana was ruled by a Koli, probably a Mahadeo Koli by caste
In the hilly terrain at the northern tip of Western Ghats, bordering Maharashtra and Gujarat, lies Surgana, an erstwhile princely state ruled by tribal chieftains of the Mahadev Koli tribe. Surgana joined the instrument of accession to be part of the Indian Union in March 1948.