Rampur State

Last updated

State of Rampur
Dar-Ul-Insha دارالانشا
1774–1947
Flag of the Rampur State.svg
Flag
Rampur State Coat of Arms.png
Coat of arms
Motto: "الحكم لله والملك لله" "Al Hukumu Lillah Wāl Mulk Lillah"
.Lā Fata ʾIllā ʿAlī; Lā Sayf ʾIllā Ḏū l-Fiqār.
“(Rulership And Sovereignty Belongs To God)”
(There Is No Conqueror Like Ali And No Sword Like The Zulfiqar)
Map of the United Provinces from The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1907-1909).jpg
Rampur State in yellow
Status15 gun-salute princely state
Capital Rampur
Official languages
Other languages
Religion
Demonym(s) Rampuri
Government Absolute monarchy
Nawab  
 1774–1794
Faizullah Khan (First)
 1794
Muhammad Ali Khan
 1794
Ghulam Muhammad Khan
 1794–1840
Ahmad Ali Khan
 1930–1947/1956
Raza Ali Khan (Last)
History 
7 October, 1774
15 August, 1947
Area
 Total
2,447.54 km2 (945.00 sq mi)(1st; princely state)
 Water (%)
1
Population
 Estimate
546,151
 Census
1901
Time zone UTC+5:30
Drives on left lane
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Flag of the Rampur State.svg Kingdom of Rohilkhand
Flag of Awadh.svg Oudh State
India Flag of India.svg
Uttar Pradesh Flag of Uttar Pradesh.svg
Today part of Uttar Pradesh, India
Khusru Bagh Palace of Rampur Khusru Bagh Palace in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh (c. 1911).jpg
Khusru Bagh Palace of Rampur
Nawab Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur of Rampur, r. 1865-87. Navab Kalb-e 'Ali Khan of Rampur.jpg
Nawab Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur of Rampur, r. 1865–87.
Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, c. 1911. Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, c.1911.jpg
Imambara, Fort of Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, c. 1911.
Sir Kalb Ali Khan, Nawab of Rampur (1832-1887). Sir Kalb Ali Khan, Nawab of Rampur (1832-1887).jpg
Sir Kalb Ali Khan, Nawab of Rampur (1832–1887).

Rampur State was a 15 gun-salute princely state of British India. It came into existence on 7 October 1774 as a result of a treaty with Oudh. Following independence in 1947, Rampur State and other princely states of the area, such as Benares and Tehri Garhwal were merged into the United Provinces.[ citation needed ] Rampur state had its capital in Rampur city and its total area was 945 sq miles. [1] Rampur state was founded by Ali Mohammad Khan's younger son Faizullah Khan. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Contents

The Jama Masjid is one of the finest piece of architecture to be found in Rampur. It resembles the Jama Masjid in Delhi to some extent.[ original research? ] It was built by Nawab Faizullah Khan. It has a unique Mughal touch to it. There are several entry-exit gates to the masjid. It has three big domes and four tall minarets with gold pinnacles boasting of a royal touch. It has a main lofty entrance gate that has an inbuilt clock tower occupied by a big clock that was imported from Britain.

There are several entry-exit gates built by the Nawab. These gates are major entry-exit routes from the city. Examples are Shahabad Gate, Nawab Gate, Bilaspur Gate etc.

Origin

The Rohilla State of Rampur was established by Nawab Faizullah Khan on 7 October 1774 in the presence of British Commander Colonel Champion, and remained a pliant state under British protection thereafter. Faizullah Khan was a leader among the Rohillas and a member of the Rohilla dynasty. He was the son of Ali Mohammed Khan, who was a Jat boy of age eight when he was adopted by the chief of the Pashtun Barech tribe, Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla. [6] [7] [8] [9] For Rohillas, Rampur State was one of the important princely states in Hindustan.

In the 19th century, the Nawabs of Rampur claimed that Ali Mohammed Khan was a Barha Sayyid and started using the title of Sayyid. However, they could not present any pedigree in the support of this claim. [8]

History

The Rohilla War of 1774–75 began when the Rohillas reneged on a debt they owed to the Nawab of Oudh for military assistance against the Maratha Empire in 1772. The Rohillas were defeated and driven from their former capital of Bareilly by the Nawab of Oudh with the assistance of the East India Company's troops lent by Warren Hastings. [10]

The first stone of the new Fort at Rampur was laid and the city of Rampur founded in 1775 by Nawab Faizullah Khan. Originally it was a group of four villages named Kather, the name of Raja Ram Singh. The first Nawab proposed to rename the city 'Faizabad'. But many other places were known by the name Faizabad so its name was changed to Mustafabad alias Rampur. Nawab Faizullah Khan ruled for 20 years. He was a great patron of scholarship, and began the collection of Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Urdu manuscripts which now make up the bulk of the Rampur Raza Library. After his death, his son Muhammad Ali Khan took over. He was killed by the Rohilla leaders after 24 days, and Ghulam Muhammad Khan – the brother of the deceased, was proclaimed Nawab. The East India Company took exception to this, and after a reign of just 3 months and 22 days Ghulam Muhammad Khan was defeated by its forces, and the Governor-General made Ahmad Ali Khan, son of the late Muhammad Ali Khan, the new Nawab. He ruled for 44 years. He did not have any sons, so Muhammad Sa'id Khan, son of Ghulam Muhammad Khan, took over as the new Nawab. He raised a regular Army, established Courts and carried out many works to improve the economic conditions of farmers. His son Muhammad Yusuf Ali Khan took over after his death. His son Kalb Ali Khan became the new Nawab after his death in 1865.

Nawab Kalb Ali Khan was literate in Arabic and Persian. Under his rule the state did much work to uplift standards of education. He was also a Member of Council during the Viceroyalty of Lord John Lawrence. He built the Jama Masjid in Rampur at a cost of Rs. 300,000. He was also knighted in Agra by the Prince of Wales. He ruled for 22 years and 7 months. After his death his son Mushtaq Ali Khan took over. He appointed W. C. Wright as the Chief Engineer of the estate. He built many new buildings and canals. Nawab Hamid Ali became the new ruler in 1889 at the age of 14. Many new schools were opened during his reign, and many donations were provided to nearby colleges. He donated Rs. 50,000 to Lucknow Medical College. In 1905 he built the magnificent Darbar Hall within the Fort which now houses the great collection of Oriental manuscripts held by the Rampur Raza Library. His son Raza Ali Khan became the last ruling Nawab in 1930. Nawab Raza Ali Khan was a very progressive ruler who believed in the Inclusion of Hindus and so appointed Lt. Col. Horilal Varma – Bar At Law as his Prime Minister. On 1 July 1949 the State of Rampur was merged into the Republic of India. Rampur today presents a slightly decayed appearance: the palaces of the Nawabs are crumbling, as are the gates and walls of the fort. However, the Library remains a flourishing institution of immense value to scholars from all over the world.

The Nawabs of Rampur sided with the British during Indian Rebellion of 1857 [10] and this enabled them to continue to play a role in the social, political and cultural life of Northern India in general and the Muslims of United Provinces in particular. They gave refuge to some of the literary figures from the Court of Bahadur Shah Zafar.

Music

The Rampur-Sahaswan gharana of Hindustani classical music also has its origins in court musicians. Ustad Mehboob Khan, was a khayal singer and Veena player of the Rampur court; his son Ustad Inayat Hussain Khan (1849–1919), who trained and lived in the city, founded the gharana.

The Nawabs of Rampur gave patronage to traditional music in their court. Mehboob Khan was the chief khyal singer of the royal court of Rampur State, his tradition was followed by his son Inayat Hussain Khan (1849–1919) and in turn by Inyat's brothers-in-law, Haider Khan (1857–1927), and Mushtaq Hussein Khan (d. 1964), which gave rise to the Rampur-Sahaswan gharana of Hindustani classical music, the latter being their ancestral place, Sahaswan, in present-day Badaun district. [11]

Rulers of Rampur

A portrait of Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash, not the Nawab of Rampur but the Nawab of Farrukhabad, ca 1730, Bibliotheque nationale de France, Paris Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash, ca 1730, Bibliotheque nationale de France, Paris.jpg
A portrait of Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash, not the Nawab of Rampur but the Nawab of Farrukhabad, ca 1730, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

The following is a table delineating the succession of rulers belonging to the Royal House of Rampur:

NameReign BeganReign Ended
1 Faizullah Khan 15 September 177424 July 1793
Hafiz Rahmat KhanRegent15 September 174823 April 1774
2 Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur 24 July 179311 August 1793
3 Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur 11 August 179324 October 1794
4 Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur 24 October 17945 July 1840
Nasrullah Khan – Regent24 October 17941811
5 Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur 5 July 18401 April 1855
6 Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur 1 April 185521 April 1865
7 Kalb Ali Khan Bahadur 21 April 186523 March 1887
8 Muhammad Mushtaq Ali Khan Bahadur 23 March 188725 February 1889
9 Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur 25 February 188920 June 1930
Regency25 February 18894 April 1894
10 Raza Ali Khan Bahadur 20 June 19306 March 1966
11 Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur – Titular6 March 19668 February 1982
12 Zulfikar Ali Khan – Titular8 February 19825 April 1992
13 Muhammad Kazim Ali Khan – Titular5 April 1992Present


Family tree

  • Simple silver crown.svg I. Sayyid Faizu’llah ‘Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (1734–1794; Nawab of Rampur: 1734–1794)
    • Simple silver crown.svg II. Sayyid Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (1751–1794; r. 1794)
      • Simple silver crown.svg IV. Sayyid Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (1787–1840; r. 1794–1840)
    • Simple silver crown.svg III. Hajji Sayyid Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (1763–1823; r. 1794)
      • Simple silver crown.svg V. Sayyid Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (1786–1855; r. 1840–1855)
        • Simple silver crown.svg VI. Sayyid Muhammad Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur KSI (1816–1865; r. 1855–1865)
          • Simple silver crown.svg VII. Hajji Sayyid Muhammad Kalb-i-Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur GCSI, CIE (1834–1887; r. 1865–1887)
            • Simple silver crown.svg VIII. Sayyid Muhammad Mushtaq Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (1856–1889; r. 1887–1889)
              • Simple silver crown.svg IX. Sayyid Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur GCSI, GCIE, GCVO (1875–1930; r. 1889–1930)
                • Simple silver crown.svg X. Sayyid Muhammad Raza Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur GCIE, KCSI (1908–1966; r. 1930–1949; titular ruler 1949–1966)
                  • XI. Sayyid Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur MBE (lived 1923–1982; titular Nawab: 1966–1971; family head: 1971–1982)
                  • XII. Sayyid Zulfiqar Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (lived 1933–92; family head:1982-92)
                    • XIII. Sayyid Kazim Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Rampur (b.1960; family head:1992 to present)


Orders of chivalry

The Royal House of Rampur awards two orders of chivalry; these knighthoods include: [12]

The majority of the recipients of the Nishan-e-Hamidiya are those of various royal families while honourees with the Nishan-e-Iqbal are those who have made significant contributions to academia, culture, humanitarian aid, research and society. [13]

Legacy

Dog breed

A palace attendant with a Rampur Hound in 1915 Rampur Greyhound from 1915.JPG
A palace attendant with a Rampur Hound in 1915

His Royal Highness Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan of Rampur is credited with developing the dog breed known as Rampur Hound. The Rampur Hound far exceeded his expectations. He endeavoured to breed these dogs by combining the Tazi ferocious Afghan dogs with the English Greyhound, more obedient but less resistant to the harsher local weather. He gave the name 'Rampur Hound' to the dogs he bred. [15]

Cuisine

The cuisine of the royal courts over the years gave rise to the Rampuri cuisine, developed by the chefs of the Nawabs. After the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the khansamas (chefs) from erstwhile Mughal imperial courts shifted to Rampur, bringing along with them the Mughal cuisine tradition. [16] Gradually people from other places also found a haven here, adding influences of Awadhi, Hyderabad and Kashmiri cuisine. [17] It is also known for its distinct flavours and dishes with recipes passed on from the royal kitchen, like Rampuri fish, Rampuri Korma , Rampuri mutton kebabs , Doodhiya Biryani and adrak ka halwa . [18] [19] [20]

Music

Mehboob Khan was the chief khyal singer of the royal court of Rampur State, his tradition was followed by his son Inayat Hussain Khan (1849–1919) and in turn by Inyat's brothers-in-law, Haider Khan (1857–1927), and Mushtaq Hussein Khan (d. 1964), which gave rise to the Rampur-Sahaswan gharana of Hindustani classical music, the latter being their ancestral place, Sahaswan, in present Badaun district. [21]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rampur, Uttar Pradesh</span> City in Uttar Pradesh, India

Rampur is a town and the municipality headquarter of Rampur District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It was formerly known for its various industries, like sugar refining and cotton milling. Its library has more than 12,000 rare manuscripts and a fine collection of Mughal miniature paintings. It is located 322 kilometres north-west of the state capital Lucknow & approx 180 kilometres from the national capital New Delhi.

Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the western title of Prince. The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the German Emperor. In earlier times the title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to the Mughal Empire, for example the Nawabs of Bengal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rohilla</span> Pashtun-descended ethnic group of Uttar Pradesh, India

Rohillas are a community of Pashtun heritage, historically found in Rohilkhand, a region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It forms the largest Pashtun diaspora community in India, and has given its name to the Rohilkhand region. The Rohilla military chiefs settled in this region of northern India in the 1720s, the first of whom was Ali Mohammed Khan.

Ali Muhammad Khan was a Rohilla chief who founded the Kingdom of Rohilkhand in the northwestern region of the Uttar Pradesh state of India. He succeeded his foster father Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla at the age of fourteen and was generally regarded as a non-oppressive ruler to the masses. He was well regarded for his political ability, and was granted the right to use India's highest insignia of the Mahseer by the Emperor Muhammad Shah. His young death along with the tender age of his children led to Hafiz Rehmat Khan's regency which was in large part governed against his wishes, despite Rehmat Khan's solemn oath on the Quran to fulfill dying Ali Mohammad's will.

Begum Noor Bano served as a Member of Parliament in the 11th Lok Sabha and 13th Lok Sabha, lower house of parliament of India. She was elected from Rampur on the ticket of Indian National Congress party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raza Library</span> A repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India

The Rampur Raza Library located in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India is a repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage established in the last decades of the 18th century. It was built up by successive Nawabs of Rampur and is now managed by the Government of India, named after Raza Ali Khan Bahadur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Rohilla War</span> Military campaign in 1773–1774

The First Rohilla War of 1773–1774 was a punitive campaign by Shuja-ud-Daula, Nawab of Awadh on the behalf of Mughal Emperor, against the Rohillas, Indian descendants of Afghan highlanders settled in Rohilkhand, northern India. The Nawab was supported by troops of the British East India Company, in a successful campaign brought about by the Rohillas reneging on a debt to the Nawab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafiz Rahmat Khan Barech</span> Afghan highlander (1723–1774)

Hafiz Rahmat Khan was the Regent of Rohilkhand in North India, from 1749 to 1774. He was a Pashtun by background, ruling over Rohillas. Hafiz Rahmat Khan had served honorably throughout the reign of three Mughal Emperors: Ahmad Shah Bahadur, Alamgir II and Shah Alam II. He was also a mentor of Prince Mirza Jawan Bakht.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Faizullah Khan</span> Nawab of Rampur

Nawab Faizullah Ali Khan was the first Nawab of Rampur. The princely state of Rampur was set up in year 1774, after the First Rohilla War, by the dismemberment of the Rohilla Kingdom of Rohilkhand. Faizullah Khan, the only surviving heir of Ali Mohammed Khan and opponent of the forces of Awadh and the British East India Company in the war, was installed as ruler of what was the newly created Rampur State. It bordered the Maratha Empire to the south, making it a strategic point. Under tutelage of the East India Company, Faizullah Khan ruled peacefully for 20 years. The capital Rampur was founded, and the Raza Library collection gathered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamid Ali Khan of Rampur</span> Nawab of Rampur

Nawab Sayyid Hamid Ali Khan Bahadur was Nawab of the princely state of Rampur from 1889 to 1930.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Raza Ali Khan of Rampur</span> Nawab of Rampur

Sir Raza Ali Khan BahadurGCIE, KCSI, NH, NI was a nawab of the princely state of Rampur from 1930 to 1966.

Nawab Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur, MBE, NH, NI was the titular Nawab of Rampur from 1966 to his death in 1982, succeeding his father, Nawab Raza Ali Khan Bahadur, and was succeeded in 1982 as titular Nawab by his younger brother Zulfikar Ali Khan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad Ali Khan of Rampur</span> Nawab Of Rampur

Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur was the eldest son of Faizullah Khan and briefly Nawab of Rampur between 24 July and 11 August 1793 when he was deposed by his younger brother Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur and exiled to Dungarpur. He died there a year later as a prisoner when he was shot in his sleep. His only son, Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur, later became Nawab of Rampur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghulam Muhammad Khan</span> Nawab Of Rampur

Al-Haj Nawab Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur was briefly Nawab of Rampur from 1793 to 1794. The younger son of Faizullah Khan, Ghulam Muhammad became Nawab in 1793 after deposing his elder brother, Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur. His reign quickly took on a tyrannical aspect, and he was soon deemed a danger to the region's stability. Thus, in 1794, he was himself deposed by troops of the East India Company and of the Nawab of Awadh, being succeeded as Nawab by his nephew, Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur. Ghulam Muhammad then undertook the Hajj, after which he fled to Mysore and Tipu Sultan, later settling in the Punjab. He died at Nadaun in 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Ali Khan of Rampur</span> Nawab Of Rampur

Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur was Nawab of Rampur from 1794 to 1840, succeeding his brother Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur. The only son of Muhammad Ali Khan Bahadur, Ahmad Ali was made Nawab following the deposition of his uncle Ghulam Muhammad by the British East India Company and the Nawab of Awadh. Ahmad Ali ruled for 46 years, although he reigned from 1794 to 1811 under a regency. He transformed the cultural fabric of Rampur and started a tradition of cultural involvement that has been maintained by his successors to the present day. In 1801, Rampur became a vassal of the HEIC following the cession of Rohilkand by the Nawab of Awadh. Ahmad Ali died on 5 July 1840, aged 52. As his only son had died young, he was succeeded as Nawab by his cousin, Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad Said Khan</span> Nawab of Rampur

Nawab Muhammad Said Khan Bahadur was Nawab of Rampur from 1840 to 1855, succeeding his cousin Ahmad Ali Khan Bahadur. The son of Ghulam Muhammad Khan Bahadur, Muhammad Said spent his early years in the service of the East India Company, eventually rising to the rank of Deputy Collector for Dudain. Although his father had been a tyrant during his brief reign, Muhammad Said by contrast proved to be a benevolent and progressive ruler, building irrigation works and establishing courts of law and an advanced legal code. Muhammad Said died on 1 April 1855 in his 69th year and was buried at Rampur. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Yusef Ali Khan Bahadur.

Major Nawab Sayyid Zulfikar Ali Khan Bahadur, NH was an Indian politician and an Indian army officer who ruled as Titular Nawab of Rampur from 1982 to 1992, succeeding his elder brother Murtaza Ali Khan Bahadur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Rohilla War</span>

The Second Rohilla War was a conflict between the Kingdom of Awadh and East India Company, and the Rohillas of Rampur State in 1794.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Rohilkhand</span> Early modern kingdom in North India (1721–1774)

The Kingdom of Rohilkhand was a late modern Indian kingdom under nominal Mughal suzerainty, that rose under the declining Mughal Empire in 1721 and continued to exist until 1774 when it was defeated by Oudh. The British transformed its significantly reduced borders into the princely state of Rampur. Nawab Ali Mohammed Khan became the first Nawab of Rohilkhand, having been previously elected as overlord by various Afghan chiefs at the age of fourteen. He would carve out the future kingdom from the collapsing Mughal Empire and go on to the found the Rohilla dynasty. The crown would go on being held by the Rohillas until the kingdom came to an end in 1774, and thereafter the same dynasty would rule over Rampur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rohilla dynasty</span> Prominent dynasty in North India (1721–1947

The Rohilla dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over much of North-West Uttar Pradesh in the form of Rohilkhand and later until 1947, the Princely state of Rampur. At the height of their power the dynasty ruled over the Kingdom of Rohilkhand and held suzairnty over the Kingdom of Kumaon and Kingdom of Garhwhal.

References

  1. Hunter, William Wilson (1881). The imperial gazetteer of India. India: Trübner & Company. pp.  544–546. Retrieved 16 December 2013. Rampur state.
  2. Wade, Bonnie C. (1984). Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition. CUP Archive. ISBN   978-0-521-25659-9.
  3. The Indian Year Book. Bennett, Coleman & Company. 1945.
  4. The Indian and Pakistan Year Book. Bennett, Coleman & Company. 1929.
  5. Ashraf, Mujeeb (1982). Muslim Attitudes Towards British Rule and Western Culture in India in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.
  6. Irvine, W. (1971). Later Mughal. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 118. Retrieved 30 July 2022. Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan.
  7. Ḥusain, M.; Pakistan Historical Society (1957). A History of the Freedom Movement: 1707-1831. A History of the Freedom Movement: Being the Story of Muslim Struggle for the Freedom of Hind-Pakistan, 1707-1947. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 304. Retrieved 30 July 2022. Amongst other prisoners he obtained a young Jat boy of eight years . Daud took a fancy to him and adopted him as his son and named him ' Ali Muhammad Khan.
  8. 1 2 Gommans, Jos J. L. (1995). The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: C. 1710-1780. BRILL. p. 120. ISBN   978-90-04-10109-8. Most of the contemporary sources, however, call him a Jat or an Ahir.
  9. Strachey, Sir John (1892). Hastings and the Rohilla War. Clarendon Press. p. 11. ...this remarkable chief was not an Afghan by birth, but a Hindu, a Jat by caste.
  10. 1 2 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Rampur"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 877.
  11. Wade. p. 136
  12. McClenaghan, Tony (1996). Indian Princely Medals: A Record of the Orders, Decorations, and Medals of the Indian Princely States. Lancer Publishers. p. 240. ISBN   978-1-897829-19-6.
  13. 1 2 Arora, Neha (17 January 2024). "Royal House of Rampur awards Nishan-i-Hamidiya and Nishan-i-Iqbal". APN News. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  14. Agarwal, Augustine (17 January 2024). "Royal House of Rampur awards knighthoods". Indica News. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  15. "Rampur Hound". Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  16. "Kebabs, kings and other Rampuri tales". MiD DAY. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  17. "The Rampuri flavour: The Rampuri food festival at Mascot Hotel takes you on a voyage of discovery". The Hindu . 30 August 2004. Archived from the original on 22 December 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  18. "The culinary cartographer". Mint. 22 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  19. "Sharp cuts from the Rampuri !". Business Standard. 7 January 2007. Archived from the original on 4 October 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  20. "Mutton Korma in Rampur". Indian Express. 28 August 2005. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  21. Wade. p. 136

Bibliography

28°48′N79°00′E / 28.8°N 79.0°E / 28.8; 79.0