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State of Junagadh | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1730–1948 | |||||||||
Status | State Within the Maratha Confederacy (1731–1807) Protectorate of the East India Company (1807–1857) Princely State of the British Raj (1857–1947) State of the Dominion of India (1947–1948) | ||||||||
Nawab | |||||||||
• 1730– 1758 (first) | Mohammad Bahadur Khanji I | ||||||||
• 1911–1948 (last) | Muhammad Mahabat Khan III | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Founded | 1730 | ||||||||
1948 | |||||||||
Area | |||||||||
1921 | 8,643 km2 (3,337 sq mi) | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1921 | 465,493 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Gujarat, India |
Junagarh or Junagadh was a princely state in Gujarat [1] ruled by the Muslim Babi dynasty in India, which acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan [2] after the Partition of British India. Subsequently, the Union of India annexed Junagadh in 1948, legitimized through a plebiscite held the same year. [3] [4]
Pakistan claims sovereignty over the erstwhile princely state to this day. [5] [6]
Junagarh State Council with S Parmar have been entrusted with the erstwhile princely state of Junagarh.
The Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs had established the State of Junagarh. Muhammad Sher Khan Babai was the founder of the Babi Pashtun dynasty of Junagarh in 1654. His descendants, the Babi Nawabs of Junagarh, conquered large territories in southern Saurashtra.
However, during the collapse of the Mughal Empire, the Babis became involved in a struggle with the Gaekwad dynasty of the Maratha Empire over control of Gujarat, during the reign of the local Mohammad Mahabat Khanji I. Mohammad Khan Bahadur Khanji I declared independence from the Mughal governor of Gujarat subah, and founded the state of Junagarh in 1730. This allowed the Babi to retain sovereignty of Junagarh and other princely states. During the reign of his heir Junagarh was a tributary to the Maratha Empire, [7] until it came under British suzerainty in 1807 under Mohammad Hamid Khanji I, [1] following the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
In 1807, Junagarh became a British protectorate and the East India Company took control of the state. By 1818, the Saurashtra area, along with other princely states of Kathiawar, were separately administered under the Kathiawar Agency by British India.
In 1947, during the partition of India, the last Babi dynasty ruler of the state, Muhammad Mahabat Khanji III, decided to accede to the Dominion of Pakistan but Junagarh was annexed by India which was followed by a plebiscite in which the locals voted to stay with India.
The Nawabs of Junagarh belonged to Pathan Babi or Babai (Pashtun tribe). They were granted a 13 gun salute by the British authorities: [8]
There was a Koli rebellion in Junagarh by Mansa Khant during the reign of Nawab Sher Khan (the first ruler of Junagarh). He revolted against the ongoing Mughal Rule, with Uparkot Fort serving as his centre of operations. He made a series of raids into the surrounding villages and cities. Nawab Sher Khan was unsuccessful in suppressing the rebellion. Mansa Khant occupied Uparkot for 13 months and continued to carry out numerous raids mostly in the countryside. The nawab was assisted by the King of Gondal State, Thakur Sahib Haloji Jadeja and Arab Jamadar Sheikh Abdullah Zubeidi in his campaign against the rebellion. The combined forces defeated the Khant, captured Uparkot and crushed the rebellion. [10] [11]
In 1947, Shah Nawaz Bhutto joined the council of ministers of Nawab Muhammad Mahabat Khan III, and in May became his dewan or prime minister.
With the partition of India in 1947, the princely states were left by the British to decide whether to accede to one of the newly independent Union of India or Dominion of Pakistan, or become a separate country. [12]
The Constitutional Advisor to the Nawab, Nabi Baksh, indicated to Lord Mountbatten that he was recommending that Junagarh should join India. However, upon the advice of Dewan Bhutto, on 15 August 1947, the Nawab announced that Junagarh had acceded to Pakistan. On 16 September, the Government of Pakistan accepted the accession. [2]
India sent its military into Junagarh while the Nawab of Junagarh was in Pakistan and captured the State of Junagarh. The Annexation of Junagarh by India led the Nawab Muhammad Mahabat Khan III of Junagarh (of the erstwhile Babi Nawab dynasty of Junagarh) to live in exile in Sindh, Pakistan. [13]
Pakistan's government has maintained its territorial claim on Junagadh, along with Manavadar and Sir Creek in Gujarat, on its official political maps. [14] [5] [6] [15] On 10 December 2020, Sultan Ahmed Ali took oath as Dewan (prime minister) of Junagadh state. [16]
The rulers were titled 'Maharaja'. They had the right to an 13 gun salute.
Junagarh State Council with S Parmar have been entrusted with the erstwhile princely state of Junagarh.
Junagadh is the city and headquarters of Junagadh district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Located at the foot of the Girnar hills, 355 kilometres (221 mi) southwest of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, it is the seventh largest city in the state. It is dominated by the Chudasama clan of Rajputs since ancient times.
Shah Nawaz Bhutto, 8 March 1888 – 19 November 1957, was a politician and a member of Bhutto family hailing from Larkana in the Sind region of the Bombay Presidency of British India, which is now Sindh, Pakistan.
Babi enters in various Indian titles. Babi or Babai is a Pashtun Tribe. Babi or Babai is son of Ghorghasht or Gharghashti. It has its origin as quoted 'Bahadur Khanji Babi, son of Usman Khan, who migrated to India and entered the Mughal service and received the hereditary title of Babi in 1554 from Emperor Humayun, for services against the Rana of Chittor'.
Events from the year 1947 in Pakistan.
The Bhutto family is a Pakistani political family. The Bhuttos have played a prominent role in Pakistani politics and government. The family has held the leadership of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP), since its inception in 1967. The Bhuttos have been settled in Sindh for over three centuries.
In February 1948, the princely state of Junagadh, located in what is now the Indian state of Gujarat, was annexed to the Union of India after a dispute with the Dominion of Pakistan, regarding its accession, and a plebiscite. Junagadh had been a princely state under the suzerainty of the British Crown, until independence and partition of British India in 1947.
The Babai is a Pashtun tribe also known as Babi. Their traditional primary homeland is in Qalat, Zabul, located in Southern Afghanistan and Kandahar, largely settled in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.
Sir Muhammad Mahabat Khanji III Rasul Khanji, was the last ruling Nawab of Junagadh of the princely state of Junagadh in India from 1911 to 1948. He was the father of Muhammad Dilawar Khanji – former Governor of Sindh and his claimed successor. Famed for his extravagant lifestyle and his love of dogs, his decision to accede Junagadh to the Dominion of Pakistan following India's Independence led to the Indian Army taking military action. He is credited with pioneering a conservation effort in what is now the Gir National Park that saved India's last few lions from almost certain extinction.
GujaratiPathans are a group of Pashtuns, who are settled in the region of Gujarat in western India. They now form a distinct community of Gujarati and Urdu/Hindi speaking Muslims. They mainly speak Urdu/Hindi with many Pashto loanwords, but most of them have been Indianized so some may have Gujarati as their first language as well, few elders in the community still speak Pashto. Common tribes include Turk pathan, Babi or Babai, Niazi, Khan, Bangash, Durrani, and Yousafzai.
The Babi dynasty was a Pashtun dynasty that formed the ruling royal houses of various kingdoms and later princely states. The Babai community, originally of Afghan descent, largely resides in India and some parts of Pakistan. The community traces its royal origins to the dynasty founded by Sherkhanji Babi in 1654, who was himself a ruler from the dynasty's founding until 1690. The last Nawab of the British Indian princely state of Junagadh, Sir Muhammad Khanji, signed an Instrument of Accession and acceded his princely state of Junagadh, as well as its vassal state of sardargadh, Bantva Manavadar, to the Dominion of Pakistan after the Partition of British India in 1947. However, the Dominion of India did not recognize the accession and annexed the princely state shortly afterwards.
The Sachin State was a princely state belonging to the Surat Agency, former Khandesh Agency, of the Bombay Presidency during the era of the British Raj. Its capital was in Sachin, the southernmost town of present-day Surat district of Gujarat State.
Nawab of Junagarh or Junagadh refers to the now defunct ex-lineage of rulers of the princely Junagarh State in British Raj, nowadays Junagadh district in the state of Gujarat in India. There are still several forts and palaces in India which were owned by princely Junagarh family but after Partition of India, this property was claimed by the Indian Government.
Mahabat Maqbara and Bahauddin Maqbra are mausoleums in Junagadh, Gujarat, India. They were completed in 1892 and 1896 respectively and are dedicated to Mahabat Khan II, the Nawab of Junagadh State, and his minister Bahauddin Hussain Bhar respectively.
The Princely States of Pakistan were princely states of the British Indian Empire which acceded to the new Dominion of Pakistan between 1947 and 1948, following the partition of British India and its independence.
The State of Balasinor was a princely state in Balasinor during the era of British India and founded by Sardar Muhammed khan Babi and Murtuza Bhatia The last ruler of Balasinor signed the accession to join the Indian Union on 10 June 1948. Its rulers belonged to the family of Babi or Babai tribe. The state was founded by the Junagadh State Babi dynasty.
Muhammad Dilawar Khanji was a Pakistani politician who was 11th Governor of Sindh from 1 March 1976 to 5 July 1977. He also claimed to be the titular Nawab of Junagarh from 1959–89.
Ghulam Moinuddin Khanji was the ruler of Manavadar State, one of the princely states associated with British India. Although Khanji chose to accede to Pakistan after the partition of India, the state was soon annexed by India and a subsequent referendum resulted in a massive Indian victory.
Muhammad Jahangir Khanji was the Nawab of Junagarh who dedicated himself to the cause of Junagarh state's independence, persistently advocating for its liberation from illegitimate Indian occupation. His grandfather, Nawab Mahabat Khanji, had previously signed an instrument of accession to Pakistan on 15 September 1947, during his reign as the Ruler of Junagarh State.