Nabha State

Nabha State
Princely State
1763–1947
Flag
Nabha State in a 1911 map of Ludhiana district
Area
• 1901	2,502 km2 (966 sq mi)
Population
• 1901	297,949
Historical era	New Imperialism
• Established	1763
• Accession to the Dominion of India	1947
Preceded by Succeeded by Mughal Empire Phulkian Misl Dominion of India
Today part of	Haryana, Punjab, India

Nabha State, ^[1] with its capital at Nabha, was one of the Phulkian princely states of Punjab during the British Raj in India. ^[2] This state was ruled by Jats Sidhu clan belonging to Sikh religion. ^{[3] [ citation needed ]}

History

Origin

Detail of the main, continuous tract of territory of Nabha State from a map created by the British East India Company, ca.1829–1835 (the state also held many exclave territories that can be seen in the full-map).

The state originated as one of the many chiefdoms the Sikhs had established in the former Mughal province of Delhi after the collapse of Mughal and Afghan authority in the region. ^[4] The ruling house of Nabha belonged to the Phulkian dynasty, sharing a common ancestor named Tiloka with the Jind rulers. Tiloka (r. 1652–1687) was the eldest son of Phul Sidhu of the Phulkian dynasty. ^{[a] [5]} The Nabha rulers descend from Gurditta (Gurdit Singh; r. 1687–1754), the elder son of Tiloka. ^[5] Gurditta was the founder of the localities of Dhanaula and Sangrur. Sangrur was the headquarters of the state till it was captured by Jind State. Gurditta died in 1754. ^[5] His only son Surat (or Suratya) Singh had died two years earlier in 1752, leaving his grandson, Hamir Singh, as the next in line. ^[5] Hamir Singh was the founder of the locality of Nabha and the first ruler of Nabha State. ^[6]

Foundation of the locality and state

The locality of Nabha was founded by Hamir Singh of the Phulkian dynasty in 1755, whilst the state itself was founded slightly after in 1763 by Hamir Singh. ^[7] The state at that period of time was composed of twelve scattered territories. ^[7] Hamir Singh died in 1783 and was succeeded by Jaswant Singh. ^[5] However, a regency was in-place between 1783–1790. ^[5] Jaswant Singh assumed full control on 1790 and ruled until 1840. ^[5]

Alliance with the British

Between 1807 and 1808, the ruler of Nabha was afforded British protection from the threat posed by Ranjit Singh and his encroaching Lahore State. ^[7]

During the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46), due to Raja Davinder Singh’s sympathy with the Sikh Empire, one-fourth of Nabha State's territory, including areas such as Rori pargana ^[8] & others, was taken by the British. Raja Davinder Singh was removed from power, and his seven-year-old son, Bharpur Singh, was placed on the throne under British supervision. Some of the annexed territory from the state was given to Patiala State and Faridkot State, while the rest was placed under direct British administration in Punjab Province. ^{[9] [10] [11]}

Nabha State was loyal to the British during the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and earned the grant of Bawal territory as a reward. ^[7] At the Ambala Darbar held in Ambala between 18–20 January 1860, a decision was made to exempt Nabha, Patiala, and Jind states from the doctrine-of-lapse. ^[12] In 1911, Hira Singh took-on the maharaja title. ^[5] Ripudaman Singh abdicated the throne of Nabha on 8 July 1923. ^[5] which led to the Jaito Morcha.

Dissolution

In the happenings of Indian independence in 1947, Nabha was one of the three Phulkian states that merged to become P.E.P.S.U., which itself was gradually merged into Punjab state in 1956.

State forces

The Nabha State Force consisted of a 500-strong infantry unit, including the Nabha Akal Infantry. ^[13]

List of rulers

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Reign	Enthronement	Ref.
Sardars
1	Hamir Singh (died 1783)		1763 – 1783	?	[6] [7] [5]
Rajas
2	Jaswant Singh (1775 – 22 May 1840)		1783 – 1840	?	[6] [5]
3	Devinder Singh (5 September 1822 – 14/15 November 1865)		1840 – 1846	15 October 1840	[6] [5]
4	Bharpur Singh (5 October 1840 – 9 November 1863)		1846 – November 1863	?	[6] [5]
5	Bhagwan Singh (30 November 1842 – 31 May 1871)		1863 – 1871	17 February 1864	[6] [5]
Maharajas
6	Hira Singh (19 December 1843 – 24 December 1911)		1871 – 1911	10 August 1871	[6] [5]
7	Ripudaman Singh (4 March 1883 – 14 December 1942)		1911 – 1923	24 January 1912	[6] [5]
8	Pratap Singh (21 September 1919 – 22 July 1995)		1923 – 1948		[6] [5]

Administraiton

In 1901, the state had an area of 966 square miles and included 4 towns and 492 villages. Administratively, the state was divided into the following three districts:

1901 State Administration
No	District/Nizāmat	Remark	Pop.	area	Vill.	To.	Today
I	Phul Nizāmat	5 enclaves	37.4 %	394	228	1	Punjab
II	Amloh Nizāmat	2+ enclaves	38.6 %	291	96	2	Punjab
III	Bawal Nizāmat	Gained in 1858; 3 southern enclaves	24 %	281	164	1	Haryana

Demographics

Religious groups in Nabha State (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1881 [14] [15] [16]		1891 [17]		1901 [18]		1911 [19] [20]		1921 [21]		1931 [22]		1941 [23]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hinduism [b]	133,571	51.02%	164,905	58.32%	160,553	53.89%	126,414	50.79%	133,870	50.84%	132,354	46.02%	146,518	43.09%
Sikhism	77,682	29.67%	63,047	22.3%	78,361	26.3%	76,198	30.62%	78,389	29.77%	97,452	33.89%	122,451	36.01%
Islam	50,178	19.16%	54,397	19.24%	58,550	19.65%	46,032	18.5%	50,756	19.27%	57,393	19.96%	70,373	20.7%
Jainism	375	0.14%	397	0.14%	476	0.16%	238	0.1%	278	0.11%	309	0.11%	480	0.14%
Christianity	18	0.01%	10	0%	7	0%	5	0%	41	0.02%	66	0.02%	221	0.06%
Zoroastrianism	0	0%	0	0%	2	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Buddhism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Judaism	—	—	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Others	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	0%
Total population	261,824	100%	282,756	100%	297,949	100%	248,887	100%	263,334	100%	287,574	100%	340,044	100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Gallery

• 
  Photograph of Gurdwara Siropa Sahib in Nabha state, where historical Sikh relics and artefacts were kept for safe-keeping, published in Mahan Kosh (1930), c.1920s.
• 
  Photograph of the Hira Mahal building in Nabha state, published in Mahan Kosh (1930), c.1920s.
• 
  Sir Hira Singh , Raja of Nabha
• 
  Photograph of Giani Gian Singh with Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State and the child Pratap Singh of Nabha State, ca.1920–21
• 
  Genealogical pedigree (family-tree) of the ruling family of Nabha State, Punjab, revised pedigree-table (1940)

See also

• Patiala and East Punjab States Union
• Political integration of India
• Phulkian sardars
• Patiala State
• Jind State
• Faridkot State
• Malaudh
• Bhadaur
• Kaithal State
• Cis-Sutlej states

Notes

1. Tiloka's personal name is alt. latinized as 'Tilokha'.
2. 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis

References

1. Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18, p. 271.
2. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nabha"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
3. Bates, Crispin (26 March 2013). Mutiny at the Margins: New Perspectives on the Indian Uprising of 1857: Volume I: Anticipations and Experiences in the Locality. SAGE Publishing India. ISBN   978-81-321-1589-2.
4. Grewal, J. S. (8 October 1998). "Rise to Political Power". The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. pp. 88–96. ISBN   9780521637640.
5. Truhart, Peter (2017). Regents of Nations: Asia, Australia-Oceania, Part 2 (Reprint ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 1398. ISBN   9783111616254.
6. Singh, Bhagat (1993). "Chapter 14 - The Phulkian Misl". A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University.
7. "Nabha | Princely State, Maharaja, Punjab | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
8. History of Sirsa gov
9. Source: Page no. - 342, Punjab State Gazetteers Vol. xvii A, Phulkian States, Patiala Jind And Nabha
10. Source: Page no.- 140, History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls Hari ram gupta
11. Source: Page 328, 1908 Gazzetrs of India Punjab V. II Internet archive
12. Chatterji, Prashanto K. (1975). The Making of India Policy, 1853-65: A Study on the Relations of the Court of Directors, the India Board, the India Office, and the Government of India. University of Burdwan. pp. 152–153. ISBN   9780883868188. Eventually, at the Ambala Durbar (18-20 January 1860), Canning himself promised the three chiefs Sanads, guaranteeing their possessions to themselves and their heirs and the right to adopt from the Phoolkan family whenever ...
13. "X. Nabha State Forces". Nabha Administration: A Review of Recent Years. Council of Regency of Nabha State. 1939. p. 29.
14. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057656 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
15. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057657 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
16. "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25057658 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
17. Edward Maclagan, Sir (1891). "The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". p. 14. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25318669 . Retrieved 26 December 2024.
18. "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25363739 . Retrieved 30 March 2024.
19. "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25393788 . Retrieved 30 March 2024.
20. Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
21. "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25430165 . Retrieved 30 March 2024.
22. "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR   saoa.crl.25793242 . Retrieved 30 March 2024.
23. India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". p. 42. JSTOR   saoa.crl.28215541 . Retrieved 30 March 2024.

External links

• Media related to Nabha State at Wikimedia Commons

30°22′N76°09′E / 30.37°N 76.15°E / 30.37; 76.15