State of Indore Indūra rājya (Marathi) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1732–1948 | |||||||||
Status | State Within the Maratha Confederacy (1731–1818) Protectorate of the East India Company (1818–1857) Princely State of the British Raj (1857–1947) State of the Dominion of India (1947–1948) | ||||||||
Capital | Indore | ||||||||
Maharaja | |||||||||
• 1732–1766 (first) | Malhar Rao Holkar | ||||||||
• 1926–1948 (last) | Yashwant Rao Holkar II | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 29 July 1732 | ||||||||
1 January 1948 | |||||||||
Area | |||||||||
1931 | 25,646 km2 (9,902 sq mi) | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• 1931 | 13,25,089 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | India ∟ Madhya Pradesh |
Indore State was a kingdom within the Maratha Confederacy ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty. [1] After 1857, Indore became a 19-gun salute princely state within the Central India Agency of the Indian Empire under British protection.
Indore State was located in the present-day Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, with its capital at the city of Indore. The state had an area of 24,605 km2 and a population of 1,325,089 in 1931. Other important towns besides Indore were Rampura, Khargone, Maheshwar, Mehidpur, Barwaha, and Bhanpura; there were a total of 3,368 villages. [2]
By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana was transferred from Kampel to Indore due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. On 18 May 1724, the Nizam accepted the rights of the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I to collect chauth (taxes) from the area. In 1733, the Peshwa assumed full control of Malwa and appointed his commander Malhar Rao Holkar as the subahdar of the province.[ citation needed ]
On 29 July 1732, Bajirao Peshwa-I granted Holkar State by granting 28 and a half parganas to Malhar Rao Holkar, the founding ruler of the Holkar dynasty. His daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military centre.[ citation needed ]
After the defeat of the Holkar rulers in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, an agreement was signed on 6 January 1818 with the British and the Indore State became a British protectorate. The Holkar dynasty was able to continue to rule Indore as a princely state mainly owing to the efforts of Dewan Tatya Jog.
The capital was moved from Maheshwar to Indore on 3 November 1818 and the Indore Residency, a political residency with a British resident, was established in the city. Later, Indore would be established as the headquarters of the British Central India Agency. In 1906, electrical infrastructure was installed in the city while a fire brigade was established in 1909. By 1918, the first master plan of the city was drawn by architect and town planner Patrick Geddes.
During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86), efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. During the reigns of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar, Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III, and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar, business flourished thanks to the railways that had been introduced in the state in 1875.
In 1926, Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar XIII abdicated after being implicated in a murder case involving a court dancer and her lover. [3]
After the independence of India in 1947, Indore State, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, acceded to India. Yashwant Rao Holkar II, the last ruler of the state, signed the instrument of accession to the Indian Union on 1 January 1950. The territories of the state became part of the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat.
The kings of Indore held the title of 'Maharaja' Holkar. The rulers of the state were entitled to a 19 gun salute by the British authorities. [4] The Holkar State Darbar (Court) was composed of many Jagirdars, Sardars, Istamuradars, Mankaris and Zamindars. [5] [6]
Name | Birth | Death | Reign |
---|---|---|---|
Malhar Rao Holkar I | 1694 | 1766 | 1731 – 20 May 1766 |
Male Rao Holkar II | 1745 | 1767 | 20 May 1766 – 5 April 1767 |
Ahilya Bai Holkar (III)(f), regent and then ruling queen | 1725 | 1795 | April 1767 – 13 August 1795 |
Tukoji Rao I Holkar IV | 1723 | 1797 | 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797 (also listed as co-ruler from April 1767) |
Kashi Rao Holkar V | ? | 1808 | 29 January 1797 – January 1799 |
Khande Rao I Holkar VI | 1798 | 1806 | January 1799 – 1806 |
Yashwant Rao I Holkar | 1776 | 1811 | 1806 – 27 October 1811 (regent from January 1799) |
Malhar Rao III Holkar VII | 1801 | 1833 | November 1811 – 27 October 1833 |
Maharani Tulsi Bai (f), regent | ? | 1817 | November 1811 – 20 December 1817 |
Martand Rao Holkar VIII | 1830 | 1849 | 27 October 1833 – 2 February 1834 |
Hari Rao Holkar IX | 1795 | 1843 | 2 February 1834 – 24 October 1843 |
Khande Rao II Holkar X | 1828 | 1844 | 24 October 1843 – 17 February 1844 |
Maharani Maji (f), first regency | ? | 1849 | 24 October 1843 – 17 February 1844 |
Tukoji Rao II Holkar XI (knighted 25 June 1861) | 1835 | 1886 | 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886 |
Maharani Maji (f), second regency (s.a.) | ? | 1849 | 27 June 1844 – September 1849 |
Shivaji Rao Holkar XII (knighted 30 June 1887) | 1859 | 1908 | 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903 |
Tukoji Rao III Holkar XIII (knighted 1 January 1918) | 1890 | 1978 | 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926 |
Yashwant Rao II Holkar XIV (knighted 1 January 1935) | 1908 | 1961 | 26 February 1926 – 15 August 1947 |
Usha Devi Holkar | 1961 | present |
• 1879 -1884: Bakshi Khuman Singh (C.S.I.)
British Residents of the Indore Residency. [9]
Agents to the Governor-General for the Central India Agency. The headquarters of the agent were at Indore.
The Royal House of Indore awards the Order of Ahilya Holkar Sultanat, which is awarded in three classes. It was founded on November 22, 1900 by Maharaja Sir Tukojirao III Holkar XIII. [10]
House of Scindia or earlier known as the Sendrak was a Hindu Maratha Royal House that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. It had the Patil-ship of Kanherkhed in the district of Satara and was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who was sardar of maratha empire and real maratha warrior clan appointed by chattrapati shahuji maharaj-1's servant family from kokan worked as prime minister also known as Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji and his descendants, along with their rivals the Holkars, played a leading role during the Maratha ascendancy in northern India in the 18th-century. The Gwalior State became a princely state during the British Raj in the 19th and the 20th-centuries. After India's independence in 1947 and the abolition of princely states, several members of the Scindia Dynasty went on to enter Indian politics.
Dewas is a city in the Malwa region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The municipality was formerly the seat of two 15-Gun Salute state princely states during the British Raj, Dewas Junior state and Dewas Senior state, ruled by the Pawar clan of the Marathas. The city is the administrative capital of Dewas district. Dewas is an industrialised city and houses a government bank note press.
The Holkars were the ruling house of the Indore State of the Maratha Confederacy, and earlier held the rank of subahdar under Peshwa Baji Rao I. When the Maratha Confederacy began to weaken due to internal clashes, the Holkars declared themselves the rulers of Indore in Central India, existing as an autonomous member of the Maratha Confederacy until 1818. Later, their kingdom became a princely state under the British protection.
Ahilyabai Holkar, also spelled Ahalya Bai, was the Rajamata and later the ruling queen of Indore within the Maratha Confederacy. She established Maheshwar as the seat of the Holkar Dynasty. A beloved figure of Indian history, she is renowned for good governance, social welfare, and humanitarian work along with religious, educational, and cultural advancements. She contributed to the growth of Indian architecture through the commission of various temples, Ghats, and Dharmshalas. Ahilyabai's Matha, or charitable endowments, spread across India. Remembered as a Sadhvi, or holy woman,
The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Indore State of the Maratha Confederacy and the British East India Company at Mahidpur, a town in the Malwa region, on 21 December 1817.
Malhar Rao Holkar was a noble subedar of the Maratha Empire, in present-day India. He was one of the early officers along with Ranoji Scindia to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was given the estate of Indore to rule by the Peshwas, during the reign of the Maratha emperor Shahu I. He was founder of the Holkar dynasty that ruled Malwa.
The Gwalior State was a state within the Maratha Confederacy located in Central India. It was ruled by the House of Scindia, a Hindu Maratha dynasty. Following the dissolution of the Confederacy, it became part of the Central India Agency of the Indian Empire under British protection.
Daulat Rao Scindia also conferred with the title "The defender of Delhi" was the Maharaja (ruler) of Gwalior state in central India from 1794 until his death in 1827. His reign coincided with struggles for supremacy within the Maratha Empire, and wars with the expanding East India Company. Daulatrao played a significant role in the Second and Third Anglo-Maratha wars. While most Indian rulers had accepted British rule, Scindia's kingdom maintained its independence even as late as 1832 and continued collecting Chauth (taxes) from other neighbouring states and dependent Kingdoms till 1886. As per an answer given by Mill in a Parliamentary Committee in Britain on February 16, 1832, on the status of Scindia's kingdom it was mentioned that “he was independent.” This Committee finally reported to Parliament that “within the Peninsula, Sindhia is the only prince who preserves the semblance of independence.”
The Daly College is a group of institutions consisting of a co-educational private boarding, day school, a private junior school, an undergraduate management school and a postgraduate business school, located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was founded by Sir Henry Daly of the British Indian Army during India's colonial British Raj, following an English public school model. The school started in 1870 as the Residency School. It was then renamed as the East Rajkumar College in 1876, and in 1882, it came to be known as The Daly College. It was established by the Resident Governor of the erstwhile Presidency, to educate the children of the royalty, nobility and aristocracy of Central Indian Princely States of the 'Marathas', 'Rajputs', 'Mohameddans' and 'Bundelas'. It is one of the oldest co-educational boarding schools in the world.
Yashwant Rao Holkar (1776–1811) also known as Jaswantrao Holkar belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Maratha Confederacy was the Maharaja of the Indore. He was a gifted military leader and educated in accountancy as well as literate in Persian, Marathi and Urdu.
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Kampel is a panchayat village in the Indore block of the Indore district, Madhya Pradesh, India. It was the headquarters of a pargana in Mughal Empire before the administrative center of the region was shifted to Indore city under the Holkars of the Maratha Empire.
Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Sir Shivaji Rao Holkar Bahadur XII was the Maharaja of Indore belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas. He was the son of Tukojirao Holkar II and Maharani Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Parvati Bai Sahib. He was educated at the Daly College, Indore, a school in central India along with the rulers of the Ratlam State, Dewas State (senior) & other Thakurs of the princely states of the Central India Agency.
The following list includes a brief about the titles of nobility or orders of chivalry used by the Marathas of India and by the Marathis/Konkanis in general.
Dewas Senior was established by Tukoji Rao I Pawar during the Maratha conquest of Central India. It was a 15 Gun Salute Maratha princely state. On 12 December 1818 it became a British protectorate.
Shrimant Sardar Kashi Rao Holkar V Subedar Bahadur, belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas was the Maharaja of Indore. He was the eldest son of Shrimant Sardar Tukoji Rao Holkar, from his first wife.
Tukoji Rao Holkar, belonging to the Holkar clan of the Marathas was the feudatory of Indore. Tukoji Holkar was the adopted son of Malhar Rao Holkar, he was the second son of Shrimant Tanuji Holkar, a nephew of Malhar Rao Holkar. Thus he was also the grand-nephew of Malhar Rao Holkar. He married two wives. He had four sons Kashi Rao, Malhar Rao II Holkar, Yashwant Rao, and Vithoji Rao.
Hari Rao Holkar (1795–1843), formally Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Hari Rao Holkar IX Bahadur, belonging to the Holkar dynasty of the Marathas was Maharaja Holkar of Indore from 17 April 1834 until his death at the Juna Rajwada Palace in Indore on 24 October 1843. He was the grandson of Tukoji Rao Holkar.
Khanderao Holkar was the only son of Malhar Rao Holkar, the founder of the Holkar dynasty of Indore, and Gautama Bai. He was the husband of Ahilyabai Holkar. He served as a Maratha Sardar and fought several campaigns on behest of the Maratha empire.