| Sailana State | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Princely State | |||||||
| 1736–1948 | |||||||
 Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||
 A map showing the territories of Sailana State (in green). | |||||||
| Capital | Sailana | ||||||
| Area | |||||||
• 1881 | 1,165 km2 (450 sq mi) | ||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | 1736 | ||||||
• accession to the Indian Union | 1948 | ||||||
| |||||||
| (Princely State) | |||||||
Sailana State was an 11 gun salute princely state in India, part of the Malwa Agency of Central India during the British Raj. The state enjoyed an estimated revenue of Rs.5,00,000. [1]
Sailana State was founded by Raja Jai Singh, great-grandson of Maharaja Ratan Singh, founder of Ratlam State. It is a branch of the Rathore house. [2] In 1716 Jai singh took revenge against his uncle for the murder of his father, he killed him in a pitched battle at sagode and secured Ratlam for his elder brother. The two brothers then divided the state between themselves. Jai Singh's capital was initially at Raoti. He built Sailana as his new capital in 1736. During this period the Maratha influence in central India had been growing and several states had been annexed or forced to pay heavy tributes to the Peshwa. However Jai Singh had the wisdom to form alliances with the Maratha officials, he helped the Peshwa agent Ambaji Pant Trimbak Purandare to collect tribute in Malwa and used the situation to annex the surrounding lands. [3] He fought 22 battles in his lifetime, [4] establishing himself as an independent ruler. [5] [6] Jai Singh maintained an army that was feared by the surrounding states forcing some states to take Holkar's aid against him. [7] The Raja of Sailana favoured Rajputs and Pathans as horsemen while the infantry was drawn from the local populace. His descendant Mokham Singh however replaced this army composition with a surplus of elephants and emptied the state coffers, allowing the Marathas and Pindaris to encroach and loot with impunity. [1] Jai Singh was succeeded by a string of weak rulers. During Raja Mokham Singh's rule much of the territory of Sailana was annexed by Scindia and Holkar, the Raja's of Sailana were further forced to pay tribute to the Scindias of Gwalior. [8] Raja Lakshman Singh of Sailana tried to push the Scindia's out of his kingdom, in 1818 he refused to pay chauth which was regularly levied, the Scindias retaliated by sending an army under Bujang Rao, the Gwalior army which had European arms and was French trained lost its advantage on the hills en route to Sailana and was defeated by Lakshman Singh, the captured soldiers were allowed to leave but all of their guns and artillery were taken. In 1819, Bapu Rao Sindia was appointed to punish the raja of Sailana and enforce tribute upon him. Bapu Rao had previously been sent by the Scindia's to defeat and exact tributes from the Maharaja of Jaipur and the Maharana of Udaipur. [9] On 5 January 1819, John Malcolm mediated between Gwalior and Sailana upon which Raja Lakshman Singh accepted British protection and agreed to pay a fixed tribute to Gwalior until 1860, in return for Daulat Rao Sindhia agreeing to refrain from any interference in Sailana. The tribute treaty did not last for long as Daulat Rao soon relinquished his rights of tribute on Sailana and Ratlam, the tribute was thus paid directly to the British instead. [10] During British rule Sailana saw development under the capable rule of Raja Jashwant Singh II and then under his son Raja Dileep Singh, many reforms were introduced over the coming years, with particular attention being paid to education and the provision of vernacular educational facilities. By 1947, education and medical aid were provided free of charge, the local municipality was placed on a democratic footing and the judiciary and executive made independent of each other. Although the economy was primarily agricultural, some limited industrialisation included oil mills, and iron and steel works. On 15 June 1948, Raja Dileep Singh signed the accession to the Indian Union. [11]
The chiefs of Sailana are Rathore Rajputs and have a common ancestry with the Maharajas of Jodhpur and Ratlam. [1]
| Name | Year |
|---|---|
| Raja Jai Singh | 1736–1757 |
| Raja Jaswant Singh I | 1757–1772 |
| Raja Ajab Singh | 1772–1782 |
| Raja Mokham Singh | 1782–1797 |
| Raja Lakshman Singh | 1797–1826 |
| Raja Ratan Singh | 1826–1827 |
| Raja Nahar Singh | 1827–1841 |
| Raja Takhat Singh | 1841–1850 |
| Rajmata Nath Kanwarji (regent) | 1850–1859 |
| Raja Duleh Singh | 1850–1895 |
| HH Maharaja SirJashwant Singh II | 1895–1919 |
| HH Maharaja Sir Dileep Singh | 1919 – 1948 (1948 – 1961 titular) |
| Maharaja Digvijay Singh (titular) | 1961–1990 |
| Maharaja Vikram Singh (titular) | 1990 – present |
All the jagirdars owe fealty and service to the ruler and pay cesses and tanka. No jagirdar has the right to adopt without the permission of the raja. The 1st class jagirdars are allowed to wear gold anklets, and at their succession, they are installed by the ruling raja himself. Half of the states lands were alienated because of the large number of Jagirs. [6] Raja Dilip Singh (r. 1919–1948) later extinguished several Jagirs and replaced them with governors. This harsh but effective action helped the states revenue which was then used to provide medical and educational facilities in Sailana. [12]
The following were the 1st class Jagirdars of Sailana in 1908.
| Name | Revenue (Rs.) | Dynasty |
|---|---|---|
| Semlia | 30,000 | Rathore |
| Birmawal/Kaneri | 26,000 | Rathore |
| Raoti | 20,000 | Rathore |
| Kariya | 17,000 | Rathore |
The following were the 2nd class Jagirdars of Sailana in 1908.
| Name | Revenue (Rs.) | Dynasty |
|---|---|---|
| Ghatwas | 5,00 | Rathore |
| Umran | 4,000 | Songara |
| Nayapura | 1,100 | Rathore |
| Mewasa | 3,000 | Sisodia |
| Chandoria | 2,000 | Rathore |
| Nalkui | 1,700 | Songara |
| Kotria | 1,200 | Rathore |
| Bharoda | 4,000 | Rathore |
| Advania | 6,000 | Rathore |
| Morda | 4,000 | Rathore |
The 3rd class jagirdars were hereditary office holders of the state.
The Maratha Confederacy, also referred to as the Maratha Empire or the Maratha Kingdom, was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent comprising the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states who were often subordinate to the former. It was formed in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji of the House of Bhonsle as the Chhatrapati of the Marathas. The Maratha realm was recognised by Bahadur Shah I, the Shahenshah of Hindustan as a tributary state in 1707 after a prolonged rebellion. The Marathas continued to recognise the Shahenshah as their nominal suzerain similar to other contemporary Indian entities.
Malwa is a historical region of west-central India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin. Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland north of the Vindhya Range. Politically and administratively, it is also synonymous with the former state of Madhya Bharat which was later merged with Madhya Pradesh. At present the historical Malwa region includes districts of western Madhya Pradesh and parts of south-eastern Rajasthan. Sometimes the definition of Malwa is extended to include the Nimar region south of the Vindhyas.
House of Scindia is a Hindu Maratha Royal House that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. It had the Patil-ship of Kanherkhed in the district of Satara and was founded by Ranoji Shinde, who started as a personal servant of the Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji and his descendants, along with their rivals the Holkars, played a leading role during the Maratha ascendancy in northern India in the 18th-century. The Gwalior State became a princely state during the British Raj in the 19th and the 20th-centuries. After India's independence in 1947 and the abolition of princely states, several members of the Scindia (Shinde) family went on to enter Indian politics.
The Central India Agency was created in 1854, by amalgamating the Western Malwa Agency with other smaller political offices which formerly reported to the Governor-General of India. The agency was overseen by a political agent who maintained relations of the Government of India with the princely states and influence over them on behalf of the Governor-General. The headquarters of the agent were at Indore.
Dhar is a city located in Dhar district of the Malwa region in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of the Dhar district. Before Indian independence from Great Britain, it was the capital of the Dhar princely state.
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Sawai Jai Singh II, was the 29th Kachwaha Rajput ruler of the Kingdom of Amber, who later founded the fortified city of Jaipur and made it his capital. He became the ruler of Amber at the age of 11, after the death of his father, Mirza Raja Bishan Singh, on 31 December 1699.
Loharu is a city, municipal committee and assembly constituency, near Bhiwani City in the Bhiwani district of the Indian state of Haryana. It is the administrative headquarters of one of the four administrative sub-divisions of the district and covers 119 villages. It is also a railway junction station.
Sailana is a town in the Malwa region of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Sailana is 25 km (16 mi) from Ratlam city and 50 km (31 mi) away from Banswara district of the neighboring state of Rajasthan.
Sailana was once the capital of the Sailana State before it merged into India. A fort belonging to the former royal family still stands tall in Sailana. The Kedareshwar temple, situated 4 km (2.5 mi) from Sailana is a notable shrine.
Malwa Agency was an administrative section of British India's Central India Agency. The headquarters of the political agent was at Neemuch (Nimach). The other chief towns of the region were : Ratlam and Jaora.
Malhar Rao Holkar was a noble subedar of the Maratha Empire, in present-day India. He was one of the early officers along with Ranoji Scindia to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was given the estate of Indore to rule by the Peshwas, during the reign of the Maratha emperor Shahu I. He was founder of the Holkar dynasty that ruled Malwa.
Gwalior state was a semi-autonomous Maratha state. It was centred in modern-day Madhya Pradesh, arising due to the rise of the Maratha Empire and fragmentation of the Mughal Empire.
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Raoti or Rawati is a town and tehsil of Ratlam district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It was once a part of the Sailana State It falls in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh.
Ratlam State was a 13 gun salute princely state in India, part of the Malwa Agency of Central India during the British Raj.
Sitamau State was a princely state of the British Raj before 1947. Its capital was in Sitamau town, Mandsaur district, Madhya Pradesh. The total area of the state was 350 square miles. The average revenue of the state was Rs.130,000.
The Ruler died at the age of 61 years, having, during his reign, fought no fewer than 22 battles.
The danger of Jai Singh of Sailana to the state of Jhabua forced its well wishers to rely on Maratha help.
He relinquished his rights of tribute from Ratlam and Sailana to the British government, perhaps because the states were outside the area that he claimed to be his own.
