After the 1809 Treaty of Amritsar, most Cis-Sutlej states came under British protection. Following the First Anglo-Sikh War and the Treaty of Lahore & amritsar in 1846, several princely states such as Kapurthala, Jammu and Kashmir, and the hill states between the Beas and Ravi—previously part of the Sikh Empire—also came under British influence and were administered under the Punjab. Chamba was added to Jammu in 1846 but was separated from Jammu and established as a separate state in 1847. Jammu and Kashmir remained under the administration of the Punjab State until 1877, when it was placed under the direct political control of the Government of British India.[4][5]
While the hill princely states south of the Sutlej came under the suzerainty of the British crown after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16 and became known as the Punjab Native States and the Simla Hill States. They later entered into direct diplomatic relations with the British province of Punjab, with the exception of Tehri Garhwal State, which maintained a connection with the United Provinces.
Photograph of the Lt. Governor of Punjab, Sir Dennis Fitzpatrick, with rulers of princely-states, namely Faridkot, Sirmur, Nabha, Patiala, Bahawalpur, Jind, Kapurthala, and Malerkotla, Lahore, 1894
The Punjab States Agency was established in 1921 out of the previous Punjab Native States, which had received advice from the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab Province, and the Simla Hill States, advised by the Deputy Commissioner of Simla district.[6] The agency was created under the direct authority of the Governor General of India, with its headquarters in Shimla.[7]
By 1941, the term "Punjab Hill States" had replaced "Shimla Hill States" in formal usage — particularly in census tables, reports, and statistical summaries. Until the 1941 Census,[8] there were 18 Punjab Hill States and 16 Punjab States. After Indian Independence in 1947, except Bahawalpur State (which acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan), all others acceded to the new Dominion of India and became part of East Punjab. Today, these regions are part of Punjab (Pakistan) and Punjab, Himachal, Haryana (India).
Princely states survived till 1947
Punjab States Agency & Punjab Hill State
18 Punjab Hill State & 16 Punjab State Noted in 1941 Census[9]
Bahawalpur (now in Pakistan), title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 17-guns (later promoted to 21 guns by the Pakistani president)
INDIA
Details map on village level of the Cis-Sutlej Princely States of Punjab (c. 1829–1835) showing over 60 states and estates, along with Lahore (Sikh Empire) and direct British territory.
Today, all of Himachal Pradesh, along with Bilaspur, Nalagarh, and a very small part of Patiala State (its Kandaghat Tehsil part), is part of Himachal Pradesh. All merged states (Dujana, Loharu, Pataudi), most of Kalsia (chachruali etc.) and Jind (including Jind and Dadri), as well as some parts of Patiala (Such as Pinjore, Narwana and Mahendragarh) and Nabha (Bawal), are now part of Haryana. Some parts of Kalsia (such as Dera Bassi, charik) and Jind (like Sangrur, balanwali etc.), most of Patiala and Nabha, and the entire states of Faridkot, Malerkotla, and Kapurthala are now part of Punjab.
Princely States: annexed by Britisher
Map of the Cis-Sutlej Princely States of Punjab (c. 1829–1835), showing over 60 states and estates, along with Lahore (Sikh Empire) and direct British territory.
Jammu & Kashmir, formerly included (from 1846) among the Punjab States, was placed under the direct Political control of the Government of British India in 1877. [4][20]
↑ Census of India, 1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi, South Asia Open Archives (SAOA), Center for Research Libraries, JSTOR. Available at Page no.V: https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797139
1 2 3 4 5 6 Gazetteer of the Rohtak District. 1883–1884. p.22.
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