List of centenarian masters track and field athletes

Last updated

In the sport of athletics, centenarian competitors were recorded in the early 20th century, and have become increasingly common in the 21st century. This has occurred during a period of population ageing and increased longevity in wealthy countries, alongside a corresponding development of masters track and field competitions, such as the Senior Olympics and the World Masters Athletics Championships. [1]

Contents

Stanisław Kowalski and Hidekichi Miyazaki at age 105 are two of the oldest centenarian masters track and field athletes. Orville Rogers (age 100) stated, “I love the thrill of preparation and training,” he told Runner’s World. “When I compete, I am not just running against the people out on the track at that moment, I am running against everyone who has run the event before me. That is gratifying to me.” [2]

List of centenarians track and field athletes

AthletePeak agePeak yearNationalityDivisionEvent(s)AchievementsRef.
Leslie Amey1012001Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia MenDistanceAmey won gold at the 2001 World Championship in Brisbane [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Nihal Gil1012016Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada MenSprintsGil competed at the 2016 inaugural Americas Masters Games. [8] [9] [10] [11]
Sawang Janpram1022022Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand MenSprintsYahoo Sports states 102 years old running the 100 meter dash in a meet (26th Thailand Master Athletes Championship). Age needs to be verified. [12]
Erwin Jaskulski 1002003Flag of Austria.svg  Austria/Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine/Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprintsFeb 2002 National Masters News: listed as an Austrian citizen living in Honolulu. [4] [13] [7]
Ilmari Koppinen1052023Flag of Finland.svg  Finland MenField EventsDOB: Jan 8, 1918. Competed Jan 8, 2023 at the Ilmari Koppisen meet. [14]
Stanisław Kowalski 1052016Flag of Poland.svg  Poland MenSprints, DiscusJune 2015 Kowalski (age 105) competed in a sprint race. [15] [16] [17] [18]
Helge Lonnroth1002017Flag of Finland.svg  Finland MenFieldLonnroth competed in the Javelin and Weight Throw at a meet in Finland July 2017. [19] [17]
Hidekichi Miyazaki 1052015Flag of Japan.svg  Japan MenShot Put23 Sept 2015 (one day after turning 105) Miyazaki competed in a sprint race. [15] [20] [7]
Giuseppe Ottaviani 1032019Flag of Italy.svg  Italy MenSprints, FieldOttaviani competed in the Long Jump in a meet in Italy Sept 2019. [21] [17] [19] [7]
Alfred Proksch 1002009Flag of Austria.svg  Austria MenFieldProksch competed at the 2009 World Masters Athletic Championships in the shot put and discus. [22]
Philip Rabinowitz1002005Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa MenSprints and RacewalkRabinowitz competed in the racewalk in a Mar 2005 meet in RSA. On 10 July 2004, entered the Guinness Book of World Records as the fastest 100-year-old to ever run the 100 meters, with a time of 30.86 seconds [4] [19] [7] [23] [24]
Mario Riboni1002013Flag of Italy.svg  Italy MenShot PutBorn 13 June 1913. [17] [25] [26]
Takashi Shimokawara 1042010Flag of Japan.svg  Japan MenJavelinShimokawara competed in the discus Sept 2010 in Japan. [27] [19] [7]
Fauja Singh 1022013Flag of India.svg  India & Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain MenMarathonSingh last competed at the 2013 Hong Kong Marathon. [28] [29]
Ruth Frith 1022012Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia WomenFieldFrith competed Feb 2012 in the Hammer at a meet in New Zealand. [19] [7]
Elfriede Fuchs1002020Flag of Austria.svg  Austria WomenShot PutFuch competed in AUT on 19 or 20 Sept 2020. Fuch born 26 Aug 1920. [19] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]
Man Kaur 1032019Flag of India.svg  India & Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada WomenSprints and FieldKaur won gold at the 2017 World Masters Games in New Zealand. Kaur won gold in 200 m at 3:01.61 and SP at 2.21 at the Dec 2019 Asian Masters Championship in Malaysia. Man Kur was born 1 Mar 1916, and passed 31 July 2021 at age 105. [9] [35] [36] [37]
Winnifred Newall1002023Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia WomenSprints [38]
Florence Mary Storch1012014Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada WomenJavelinStorch won gold at the 28 Aug 2014 Senior Games at Sherwood Park, Strathcona County, Canada. She was born 10 June 1913. [39] [40] [41]
Rambai1052022Flag of India.svg  India Women100 MeterListed in Masters Rankings: July 2022 India: National Open Masters Athletics Championship in Vadodara, India. Born 1917. [42]

American men and women

John Whittemore at age 104 is one of the oldest American centenarian men's masters track and field athlete. Julia Hawkins (age 105) competed in the 100 meter dash on Nov 6, 2021. The race was held at the Nov 6, 2021 Louisiana Senior Games at the Southeastern University’s track in Hammond, LA. [43]

Numerous Centenarians have competed at the USATF Masters Outdoor Championships and the USATF Masters Indoor Championships. At the outdoor USA Championships, Orville Rogers (age 100 in 2018) and Julia "Hurricane" Hawkins (age 101 in 2017). [44] [45] At the indoor USA Championships Everett Hosack (ages 100 and 101) competed at the 2002 and 2003 meets, [46] [47] [48] LeLand McPhie (age 100) at the 2014 meet, [49] [50] and Orville Rogers (100) and Julia “Hurricane” Hawkins (102) at the 2018 meet. [51] [52] As of 2020, no American centenarian have completed a combined event (decathlon or pentathlon). [53]

The USATF (American) Centenarian Award is presented periodically to outstanding athletes 100 years old and above. In 2017 Julia Hawkins received the award. [54] [55]

AthletePeak agePeak yearNationalityDivisionEvent(s)AchievementsRef.
Arnold Bing1021993Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints55 meter dash in 37.47 at indoor Minnesota meet on Jan 17, 1993. Masters age 102, "senior Olympics" age 103. [56] [57]
Raymonde Brown1002023Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenRacewalk [38]
Russell Clark1032004Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints50 & 200 Meter Dash Meet Record Huntsman Senior Games. 2004 Huntsman World Senior Games were held October. Born 19 Nov 1900. [58] [59]
Roy Englert1002023Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenDistance [38]
William Finch1002012Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenDistanceFinch held state (North Carolina) Senior Games records in the 800 & 1500 meter runs (M90 & M95) and 1500 meter (M100). [38] [60] [61]
Jonathan Foulke1071925Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenRunner24 Sept 1925 in Los Angeles, a centenarian runner Jonathan Foulke (107 years old) won a foot race (distance and time are unknown). Foulke was born 3 Dec 1817. [62] [63]
Everett Hosack1012003Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints, Field USATF Masters Hall of Fame Hosack competed at the 2003 Penn Relays. Dec 2004 Hosack was voted Masters Track and Field M100 athlete of the year. [64] [46] [47] [48] [65] [4] [13] [66]
Robert Jones1012015Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldJones competed at the June 2015 Tennessee Senior Games at Franklin, TN. [38] [67]
James A Kales100 (99)2014Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldCompeted at August 2014 Michigan Senior Olympics. Competed as M100 at age 99 under Senior Games rules. Born 24 Sept 1914. [68] [38] [69] [70]
R Leonard Krause1002021Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldCompeted at Washington State Games in SP & DT July 2021. [71]
Tom Lane1001994Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldBorn 21 June 1894. Died 18 Aug 1997. Lane competed at the 10 Sept 10 1994 Cal Senior Games in San Diego. Lane lived in San Diego. Lane was legally blind since 1988. [72] [73]
Trent Lane1012011Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldBorn 28 March 1910. Lane competed at the June 2011 Senior Games in Houston, Texas. [74] [75] [76] [67]
Ben Levinson1031998Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenShot PutAmerican M100 athlete (age 103) competed in the shot put at the Nike World Games (Eugene, Oregon) on Aug 11, 1998. From Los Angeles, California, he was later interviewed by Jay Leno on the Tonight Show. [77] [78] [79] [80] [81]
Larry Lewis1021969Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprintsLewis ran exhibition 100 yard dash in 17.8 at Cox Stadium June 1968 (age 101), and an exhibition 17.3 at Cox Stadium June 1969 (age 102). These marks were never ratified. Lewis was born in the summer of 1867. [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89]
Waldo McBurney1002003Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints, FieldDec 2003 McBurney was voted American Masters Track and Field M100 athlete of the year. [90] [4] [91]
Leland McPhie 1002014Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldWon gold medals in the weight throw, superweight throw and shot put in March 2014. [38] [49] [50]
E. Gerald Meyer 100 (99)2019Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprintsMeyer won four gold medals at a 2019 Senior Games. [92] [93] [94] [95]
D Paul Miller100 (99)2017Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints, FieldMiller captured four gold medals at a June 2017 Senior Games. Miller age 99 competing under Senior Games rules competed with the M100 group. [92] [93] [74] [96]
Donald Pellmann 1002015Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints, Field USATF Masters Hall of Fame [25] [7]
John Pugh1002013Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldPugh's last competition was in 2013 in Cleveland, Ohio, when he won gold medals in the 100-year-old category in the shot put, and discus. [74] [97]
Orville Rogers 1002018Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints, Distance USATF Masters Hall of Fame [7]
Fordie Ross1002014Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldRoss' last competing was at a 2014 Senior Games. [38] [98]
George Rowswell1012018Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldRowswell last competed at a 2018 Senior Games (gold medal in the shot put). [38] [99]
John Whittemore 1042004Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldWhittemore competed (Javelin) at the Oct 2004 Club West meet in Santa Barbara. [100] [101] [5] [13] [102]
Lester Wright Sr1002022Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprintsWright completed the 100 meter dash at the 2022 Penn Relays. [103]
Frederick Winter1022017Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenSprints, FieldWinter was the first M100 American / Senior Games to complete a 100 meter dash in Minneapolis at their 2015 Senior Games. [92] [93] [74] [104]
John Zilverberg1032017Flag of the United States.svg  United States MenFieldZilverberg (born 2 Aug 1913) won gold medal at the 2015 South Dakota Senior Games. He competed at 103 at the 2017 Senior Games and won four T&F gold medals. [38] [105] [106] [107]
Ella Mae Colbert1002016Flag of the United States.svg  United States WomenExhibition 100 MeterExhibition 100 Meter dash, near Chesnee, South Carolina. [108] [109]
Diane Friedman1002021Flag of the United States.svg  United States WomenSprints, JTCompeted in the Sprints and JT at the Aug 15, 2021 Michigan Senior Games. [110] [111]
Julia “Hurricane” Hawkins1052021Flag of the United States.svg  United States WomenSprints, Shot PutHawkins competed at the June 2019 National Senior Games in the sprints. Julia Hawkins (age 105) competed in the 100 meter dash on Nov 6, 2021. The race was held at the Nov 6, 2021 Louisiana Senior Games at the Southeastern University’s track in Hammond, LA. Hawkins was born Feb. 10, 1916. [92] [67] [7] [43] [112]
Ida Keeling 1022018Flag of the United States.svg  United States WomenSprintsKeeling competed at the Feb 2018 Imperial Dade Indoor Track Classic in New York. Keeling was the first American woman centenarian sprinters. [38] [113]
Margaret White1001995Flag of the United States.svg  United States WomenShot Put, DiscusPotentially the first American W100 athlete (age 100) competing 30 July 1994 in the shot put and discus. It appears that these marks were not submitted for ratification for records. White won gold at the 29 Jan 1995 Sooner State Games (indoor). Margaret White held the W95 world record in the SP. White won an American National "W95 Age Group" award in 1992. Margaret (Palmer) White (of Turpin, OK) was the mother of Masters Hall of Fame athlete Wendell Palmer (of Pampa, TX). [114] [115] [116] [117] [118] [119] [120] [121]

Centenarian media coverage

Centenarian videos

Related Research Articles

Payton Jordan was the head coach of the 1968 United States Olympic track and field team, one of the most powerful track teams ever assembled, which won a record twenty-four medals, including twelve golds. He was born in Whittier, California. Jordan was exceedingly successful as a collegiate track coach for a decade at Occidental College and for 23 years at Stanford University. A star three-sport athlete in his youth, Jordan more recently became one of the most dominant track athletes of all time, as a sprinter, in senior divisions. Jordan died of cancer at his home in Laguna Hills, California on February 5, 2009.

Masters athletics is a class of the sport of athletics for athletes of 35 years of age and over. The events include track and field, road running and cross country running. Competitors are bracketed into five-year age groups. For international events the first age group is 35 to 39. Men as old as 105 and women in their 100s have competed in running, jumping and throwing events. Masters athletes are sometimes known as "veterans" and the European Masters Championships, for instance, is known as "Eurovets". This and other high level events including biennial World Championships cater largely to elite-level athletes, but many masters athletes are novices to athletics and enjoy the camaraderie offered by masters competition at the local, National and International level. Most National governing bodies for track and field hold annual Masters championships. Prestigious National meets such as the Penn Relays and the United States Olympic Trials put on exhibition events for top masters athletes. Masters athletics is growing Internationally with over 6000 athletes competing at recent World Championships. World; National and Regional records are maintained for each age group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Senior Olympics</span> Sports competition

The National Senior Games (Senior Olympics) are a sports competition for senior citizens in the United States. It is conducted by the National Senior Games Association (NSGA) once every two years. Akin to the Summer Olympics, it is a multi-sport event devoted to adults above the age of 50. It consists of regional competitions held yearly in all states of the US.

The Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center (RLTAC) is an indoor track and indoor basketball stadium in Roxbury, Massachusetts, partially funded by the state of Massachusetts. It is home to numerous MIAA indoor track and field conferences, along with the MIAA State Championships and the New England High School Championships. Nike Indoor Nationals have been run there since 2008, and the Boston Indoor Games have been run there since their inception. USATF Masters Indoor Championships have been held at the facilities several times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships</span> Sports tournament

The USA Track & Field Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition organized by USA Track & Field, which serves as the American national championships for the sport. Since the year 1992, in the years which feature a Summer Olympics, World Athletics Championships, Pan American Games, NACAC Championships, or an IAAF Continental Cup, the championships serve as a way of selecting the best athletes for those competitions.

Milan Tiff is an American track and field athlete. He is best known for his triple jumping, but his skills pass through several arenas. He was the bronze medalist in the 1975 Pan American Games. At the Pan Am Games, his name shows the additional name of Abdul Rahman, and in the 1976 Olympic Trials and 1976-1977 National Championships he used the name Caleb Abdul Rahman but he has not gone by that name in other competitions since that period in time. In 1978 he used Milan Tiff in the National Championships. Tiff was an elite black athlete at UCLA at the same time as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, in an era when converting to Islam was happening. By 1980, he was a favorite to win the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow before the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philipa Raschker</span> German-born American masters athlete (born 1947)

Eileen-Philippa "Phil" Raschker is a German-born American masters athlete.

Donald Pellmann was an American centenarian multi world-record-setting masters athlete. He held the current M90 world record in the long jump, high jump, discus throw, and indoor pole vault. Additionally, he also held the American records in the 100 metres, triple jump, shot put, and javelin throw. He lived in an assisted senior living facility in Santa Clara, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Association of Amateur Athletes of America</span> 19th century athletic organization

National Association of Amateur Athletes of America (NAAA) (1879 to 1888) was formed in 1879. This was the organized body for the Amateur Athletes before the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) took over in 1888.

Shuttle hurdle relay (SHR) is a type of a relay race in track and field in which participants jump (sprint) over hurdles. The shuttle hurdle relay is contested at the Drake Relays, Desert Conference Relays, Kansas Relays, Mt. SAC Relays, Penn Relays, Texas Relays, Akron Relays, Alabama Relay, Appalachian Conference Relay, Florida Relays (Gainesville), Knoxville Relay, Long Beach Relay, Santa Barbara Relay, So Cal Relays, Tennessee Relays, Towson Relays, and Tri-State Relays. The SHR was also included at the 2019 IAAF World Relays and 2021 competition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Masters So Cal Track and Field Championship</span>

The first Masters Southern California Track and Field Championships was held on June 1, 1974, at Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton. Masters class Track and Field had officially started in 1968 in nearby San Diego. Since its first annual meet, the Masters Southern California Track and Field Championships has been held every successive year except 2020, when the meet was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the years, the meet has been organized under a succession of organizations: the Southern California Association of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU), The Athletics Congress (TAC), and currently USA Track and Field (USATF).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">USATF Masters Outdoor Championships</span> Masters track and field competition

The USATF Masters Outdoor Championships is an annual track and field competition which serves as the national championship for the United States for athletes in masters age groups. Organized by USA Track & Field, the national governing body for the sport, the competition was first held in 1968. Athletes compete in 5-year age groups, beginning from 25 and up to 105. Traditionally limited to athletes over 35, a "pre-masters" group was introduced in 2020 to encourage post-collegiate athletes over 25 to continue competing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">USATF Masters Indoor Championships</span> American annual track and field competition

The USATF Masters Indoor Championships is an annual track and field competition which serves as the national indoor championship for the United States for athletes in masters age groups. Organized by USA Track & Field, the national governing body for the sport, the competition was first held in 1975. Athletes compete in 5-year age groups, beginning from 25 and up to 105. Traditionally limited to athletes over 35, a "pre-masters" group was introduced from 2020 onwards to encourage post-collegiate athletes over 25 to continue competing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 World Masters Athletics Indoor Championships</span> International athletics championship event

2004 World Masters Athletics Indoor Championships is the first in a series of World Masters Athletics Indoor Championships that were held following the success of both stadia and non-stadia World Masters Athletics Outdoor Championships, This inaugural WMA Indoor Championships took place in Sindelfingen, Germany, from 10 to 14 March 2004.

References

  1. BMC, Biomed Central, Dec 9, 2009. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  2. Purpose 2 Play by Kim Constantinesco, March 19, 2018. Retrieved Feb 8, 2021
  3. MastersAthletics. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 National Masters News, Records, Apr 2006. Retrieved Jan 26, 201
  5. 1 2 National Masters News, Records, Apr 2002. Retrieved Jan 26, 201
  6. 2001 Meet Results, World Championship in Brisbane. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 World Masters Athletics, World Records. Retrieved Feb 7, 2021
  8. 1 2 Sports Illustrated, Aug 29, 2016. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  9. 1 2 AP News, Aug 29, 2016. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  10. Richmond News, Aug 30, 2016. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  11. Richmond News, by Alan Campbell, Aug 23, 2016. Retrieved Feb 6, 2021
  12. Yahoo Sports, Mar 2, 2022. Retrieved Mar 3, 2022
  13. 1 2 3 National Masters News, Feb 2002, Page 8. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  14. Masters Rankings Retrieved Oct 14, 2022
  15. 1 2 NBC Sports, Sept 26, 2015. Retrieved Jan 26, 201
  16. World Masters Athletics (WMA), World Records. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  17. 1 2 3 4 European Masters Athletics, select Data Base, enter name or age. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  18. NBC Sports, by Nick Zaccardi, Sept 26, 2015. Retrieved Feb 6, 2021
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Masters Rankings, use athlete search function. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  20. Today, by Alexandra Zaslow, Sept 29, 2015. Retrieved Feb 6, 2021
  21. European Masters Athletics. Retrieved Jan 26, 201
  22. Masters Athletics, Autumn 2009. Retrieved Feb 6, 2021
  23. Philip Rabinowitz is Officially the World’s Fastest Centenarian
  24. "Legendary runner Flying Phil dead at 104"
  25. 1 2 3 Times of San Diego, Sept 20, 2015. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  26. European Records. List of European records in masters athletics/ Retrieved Feb 5, 2021
  27. MastersAthletics. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  28. Canadian Running magazine, Oldest marathoner recognized by Queen. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  29. Oldest website. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  30. World Masters Athletics, World Records. Retrieved May 12, 2021
  31. Meet Results. Retrieved May 12, 2021
  32. Elfi Fuchs. Retrieved May 12, 2021
  33. Athletic Weekly, 5 Sept 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2021
  34. Perth 2016 Statistics. Retrieved May 12, 2021
  35. For The Win, USA Today, Apr 16, 2017. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  36. 2019 Asian Masters Championship Meet Results. Retrieved Mar 24, 2021
  37. Deccan Herald, 31 July 2021. Retrieved 1 Aug 2021
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 World Masters Rankings, enter name under athlete search. : Retrieved September 9, 2023
  39. Edmonton Journal, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Aug 29, 2014. Retrieved Feb 25, 2021
  40. The Canadian Press, Oct 23, 2015. Retrieved Feb 25, 2021
  41. Obit Tree. Retrieved Feb 25, 2021
  42. Canadian Running Magazine, July 3, 2022. Retrieved Oct 14, 2022
  43. 1 2 WGNO News, Nov 6, 2021. Retrieved Nov 6, 2021
  44. Masters History, 2018 Meet Results. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  45. Masters History, 2017 Meet Results. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  46. 1 2 Boston Globe, Massachusetts, March 22, 2002. Retrieved Jan 20, 2021
  47. 1 2 National Masters News, May 2002. Retrieved Jan 23, 2021
  48. 1 2 Daily Record, Morristown, New Jersey, Mar 23, 2003. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  49. 1 2 Times of San Diego, Mar 17, 2014. Retrieved Jan 30, 2021
  50. 1 2 Boston Globe, Massachusetts, March 23, 2014. Retrieved Jan 20, 2021
  51. Slate, March 17, 2018. Retrieved Jan 20, 2021
  52. Greensboro News & Record, March 25, 2018. Retrieved Jan 20, 2021
  53. DecaMouse, Jan 25, 2021. Retrieved Jan 25, 2021
  54. USATF Masters. Reference Jan 26, 2021
  55. USATF, Awards. Reference Jan 26, 2021
  56. National Masters News, Mar 1993, page 29 of 32. Retrieved Mar 23, 2023
  57. Star Tribune, Apr 20, 1993. Retrieved Mar 23, 2023
  58. Huntsman Senior Games, Meet Records. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  59. Legacy, Obit. Retrieved Feb 5, 2021
  60. QCWA, July 2013. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  61. North Carolina Senior Games Records. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  62. Evening Sun, Baltimore, MD, Sept 24, 1925. Retrieved Feb 9, 2021
  63. Los Angeles Times, Apr 1, 1928. Retrieved Feb 10, 2021
  64. National Masters News, May 2002. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  65. National Masters News, Records, Feb 2006. Retrieved Jan 26, 201
  66. Philadelphia Inquirer, Pennsylvania, Apr 27, 2003. Retrieved Feb 9, 2021
  67. 1 2 3 Masters Rankings, use athlete search function. Retrieved Feb 6, 2021
  68. Florida Senior Games, Meet Records. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  69. Michigan Senior Olympics, 2014 Meet Results. Retrieved Feb 5, 2021
  70. mlive, obit. Retrieved Feb 5, 2021
  71. https://mastersrankings.com, Aug 28, 2021. Retrieved Aug 28, 2021
  72. National Masters News, Oct 1994. Retrieved Feb 17, 2021
  73. Bangor Daily News, Maine, Aug 27, 1997. Retrieved Feb 18, 2021
  74. 1 2 3 4 Senior Games Records, NSGA. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  75. Senior Games Records, NSGA. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  76. The Advocate, Obit. Retrieved Feb 5, 2021
  77. National Masters News,Jan 1999. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  78. National Masters News,Oct 1998. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  79. National Masters News, June 1987. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  80. 1 2 Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Hawaii, Dec 30, 1998 Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  81. 1 2 The World, Coos Bay, Oregon, Aug 12, 1998. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  82. National Masters News, June 1987. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  83. National Masters News, Jan 1999. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  84. Lexington Leader, Lexington, KY, Jul 22, 1969. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  85. Miami Herald, Florida, Feb 4, 1969. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  86. Idaho State Journal, Pocatello, Idaho, Dec 30, 1968. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  87. San Francisco Examiner, Calif, June 12, 1968. Retrieved Feb 9, 2021
  88. San Francisco Examiner, Calif, June 25, 1969. Retrieved Feb 9, 2021
  89. Glenn Fall Times, New York, July 12, 1969. Retrieved Feb 10, 2021
  90. 1 2 Daily News-Journal, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, July 7, 2003. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  91. National Masters News, Jan 2004. Retrieved Feb 6, 2021
  92. 1 2 3 4 Senior Games Records, NSGA. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  93. 1 2 3 Senior Games Records, NSGA. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  94. Senior Games Records, NSGA. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  95. Engineering CMU. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  96. IWU Sports, June 13, 2017. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  97. Courier Tribune, Sept 10, 2015. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  98. BlackPast, Jan 25, 2017. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  99. Legacy, 2018. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  100. National Masters News, April 2000. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  101. 1 2 Book: How to Make the Rest of Your Life the Best of Your Life, Art Linkletter, GoogleBooks. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  102. National Masters News, Nov 2004. Retrieved Feb 6, 2021
  103. Penn Relays meet results, Apr 30, 2022. Retrieved Apr 30, 2022
  104. Runner's World, July 10, 2015. Retrieved Jan 28, 201
  105. South Dakota Senior Games, Mar 30, 2015. Retrieved Jan 28, 201
  106. Aberdeen News, Nov 2, 2019. Retrieved Jan 28, 201
  107. AI, June 14, 2017 (updated Mar 7, 2019). Retrieved Jan 28, 201
  108. ABC News, May 18, 2016. Retrieved Mar 29, 2021
  109. Times of San Diego, May 21, 2016. Retrieved Mar 29, 2021
  110. Masters Rankings, Aug 25, 2021. Retrieved Aug 25, 2021
  111. Athletics Weekly Twitter, Aug 2021. Retrieved Aug 25, 2021
  112. Washington Post, June 7, 2017. Retrieved Nov 8, 2021
  113. Parade, Feb 27, 2018. Retrieved Sept 8, 2021
  114. Single Age Record, 2006. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  115. Washington Post. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  116. National Masters News, May 1995. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  117. National Masters News, Jan 1993. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  118. 1 2 Oklahoma County Archives, USGW Archives, Dec 24, 1996. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  119. Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Mar 5, 1995. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  120. Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Jan 20, 1995. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  121. The Oklahoman, Jan 29, 1995. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  122. Sports Illustrated, Vault, Feb 6, 1995. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  123. Oklahoma Track & Field News, Feb 28, 1995. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  124. GettyImages. Retrieved Jan 29, 2021
  125. Philadelphia Inquirer, Pennsylvania, Apr 28, 2002. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  126. North County Times, Oceanside, CA, Mat 14, 2003. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  127. Hayes Daily News, Hays, Kansas, Dec 12, 2004. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  128. Santa Barbara Round Table. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  129. Sports Illustrated,July 9, 2015. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  130. ESPN, Apr 26, 2016. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  131. Runner's World, Mar 20, 2018. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  132. Express & Star news, June 20, 2019. Retrieved Jan 28, 2021
  133. BBC, May 21, 2020. Retrieved Jan 27, 2021
  134. CNBC Sports, Mar 19, 2018. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  135. Facebook Video, Dec 15, 2015. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  136. NBC Sports Video, 2016 Penn Relays. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  137. YouTube, Feb 28, 2018. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  138. International Masters Games Association. Retrieved Jan 26, 2021
  139. ESPN, July 28. 2019. : Retrieved Jan 26, 2021

Further reading