List of longest-living state leaders

For a list of the oldest living state leaders, see List of oldest living state leaders.

This article lists the 100 oldest heads of state or heads of government of sovereign states (often a President or a Prime minister) ^[1] , since 1800. This list includes those who are leaders over an independent and internationally recognized state. States with limited recognition are not included. A leader who doesn't have any reliable source about their death currently or has been alive with a source for more than 10 years old are not included in the list. The longest-lived verifiable state leader is Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum of Cambodia at the age of 103 years, 143 days. ^[2] Leaders who are currently living are in bold in green, with Guillermo Rodríguez of Ecuador being the longest-living at the age of 102 years, 78 days. ^[3]

Gallery

• 
  Longest-living:
  Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum
    Cambodia
  1962
• 
  2nd‑longest living:
  Celâl Bayar
  Turkey
  1937–1939 and 1950–1960
• 
  3rd‑longest living:
  Antoine Pinay
    France
  1952–1953
• 
  Longest currently living and 5th‑longest living:
  Guillermo Rodríguez
  Ecuador
  1972–1976
• 
  Longest-living of a now-defunct state and 11th‑longest living:
  Zhang Qun
    China
  1947-1948

List

  Currently living

No.	Name	State	Position	Birth	Death	Age	Citation
1	Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum	Cambodia	Acting Prime Minister (1962)	1 Sep 1905	22 Jan 2009	103 years, 143 days	[2]
2	Celâl Bayar	Turkey	Prime Minister (1937–1939) President (1950–1960)	16 May 1883	22 Aug 1986	103 years, 98 days	[4]
3	Antoine Pinay	France	Prime Minister (1952–1953)	30 Dec 1891	13 Dec 1994	102 years, 348 days	[5]
4	André Prunet-Foch	Andorra	French Viguier (1977–1980)	3 Jul 1914	30 Jan 2017	102 years, 211 days	[6]
5	Guillermo Rodríguez	Ecuador	Acting President (1972–1976)	4 Nov 1923	Alive	102 years, 78 days	[3]
6	Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni	Japan	Prime Minister (1945)	3 Dec 1887	20 Jan 1990	102 years, 48 days	[7]
7	Babiker Awadalla	Sudan   Sudan	Acting Prime Minister (1969)	2 Mar 1917	17 Jan 2019	101 years, 321 days	[8]
8	Willem Drees	Netherlands	Prime Minister (1948–1958)	5 Jul 1886	14 May 1988	101 years, 314 days	[9]
9	Đỗ Mười	Vietnam	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988–1991) General Secretary of the Communist Party (1991–1997)	2 Feb 1917	1 Oct 2018	101 years, 241 days	[10]
10	Tomiichi Murayama	Japan	Prime Minister (1994–1996)	3 Mar 1924	17 Oct 2025	101 years, 228 days	[11]
11	Zhang Qun	China	Premier (1947–1948)	9 May 1889	14 Dec 1990	101 years, 219 days	[12]
12	Yasuhiro Nakasone	Japan	Prime Minister (1982–1987)	27 May 1918	29 Nov 2019	101 years, 186 days	[13]
13	Piet de Jong	Netherlands	Prime Minister (1967–1971)	3 Apr 1915	27 Jul 2016	101 years, 115 days	[14]
14	Hyun Soong-jong	South Korea	Prime Minister (1992–1993)	26 Feb 1919	25 May 2020	101 years, 89 days	[15]
15	Bernardino González Ruiz	Panama	Acting President (1963)	11 Jan 1911	15 Mar 2012	101 years, 64 days	[16]
16	Khamtai Siphandone	Laos	Prime Minister (1991–1998) Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006) President (1998–2006)	8 Feb 1924	2 Apr 2025	101 years, 53 days	[17]
17	Christopher Hornsrud	Norway	Prime Minister (1928)	15 Nov 1859	12 Dec 1960	101 years, 27 days	[18]
18	Mustafa Ben Halim	Libya	Prime Minister (1954–1957)	29 Jan 1921	7 Dec 2021	100 years, 312 days	[19]
19	Telmo Vargas	Ecuador	Acting President (1966)	9 Oct 1912	9 Aug 2013	100 years, 304 days	[20]
20	Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham	Philippines	Governor-General (1862–1865)	13 Feb 1815	23 Nov 1915	100 years, 283 days	[21]
	Francisco Morales Bermúdez	Peru	Prime Minister (1975) President (1975–1980)	4 Oct 1921	14 Jul 2022	100 years, 283 days	[22]
22	Mahathir Mohamad	Malaysia	Prime Minister (1981–2003; 2018–2020)	10 Jul 1925	Alive	100 years, 195 days	[23]
23	Mohammad Hasan Sharq	Afghanistan	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988–1989)	17 Jul 1925	Alive	100 years, 188 days	[24]
24	Luis Echeverría	Mexico	President (1970–1976)	17 Jan 1922	8 Jul 2022	100 years, 172 days	[25]
25	Jimmy Carter	United States	President (1977–1981)	1 Oct 1924	29 Dec 2024	100 years, 89 days	[26]
26	Javier Pérez de Cuéllar	Peru	Prime Minister (2000–2001)	19 Jan 1920	4 Mar 2020	100 years, 45 days	[27]
	Xenophon Zolotas	Greece	Interim Prime Minister (1989–1990)	26 Apr 1904	10 Jun 2004	100 years, 45 days	[28]
28	Abdul Salam Sabrah	Yemen Arab Republic	Acting Prime Minister (1969; 1971; 1971)	1 Jan 1912	2 Feb 2012	100 years, 32 days	[29]
29	Johan Ferrier	Suriname	President (1975–1980)	12 May 1910	4 Jan 2010	99 years, 237 days	[30]
29	Abdoulaye Wade	Senegal	President (2000–2012)	29 May 1926	Alive	99 years, 237 days	[31]
31	Tun Tin	Burma	Prime Minister (1988)	2 Oct 1920	1 May 2020	99 years, 212 days	[32]
32	Gulzarilal Nanda	India	Acting Prime Minister (1964; 1966)	4 Jul 1898	15 Jan 1998	99 years, 195 days	[33]
33	Mohammed Karim Lamrani	Morocco	Prime Minister (1971–1972; 1983–1986; 1992–1994)	1 May 1919	20 Sep 2018	99 years, 142 days	[34]
34	Anthony Mamo	Malta	Governor-General (1971–1974) President (1974–1976)	9 Jan 1909	1 May 2008	99 years, 113 days	[35]
35	Michail Stasinopoulos	Greece	President (1974–1975)	27 Jul 1903	31 Oct 2002	99 years, 96 days	[36]
36	Clifford Campbell	Jamaica	Governor-General (1962–1973)	28 Jun 1892	28 Sep 1991	99 years, 92 days	[37]
37	Valdas Adamkus	Lithuania	President (1998–2003; 2004–2009)	3 Nov 1926	Alive	99 years, 79 days	[38]
38	Raif Dizdarević	Yugoslavia	President of the Presidency (1988–1989)	9 Dec 1926	Alive	99 years, 43 days	[39]
39	Morarji Desai	India	Prime Minister (1977–1979)	29 Feb 1896	10 Apr 1995	99 years, 41 days	[40]
40	Võ Chí Công	Vietnam	Chairman of the Council of state (1987–1992)	7 Aug 1912	8 Sep 2011	99 years, 32 days	[41]
41	Ċensu Tabone	Malta	President (1989–1994)	30 Mar 1913	14 Mar 2012	98 years, 350 days	[42]
42	Ali Hassan Mwinyi	Tanzania	President (1985–1995)	8 May 1925	29 Feb 2024	98 years, 297 days	[43]
43	Prem Tinsulanonda	Thailand	Prime Minister (1980–1988) Regent (2016)	26 Aug 1920	26 May 2019	98 years, 273 days	[44]
44	Pierre Harmel	Belgium	Prime Minister (1965–1966)	16 Mar 1911	15 Nov 2009	98 years, 244 days	[45]
45	Howard Cooke	Jamaica	Governor-General (1991–2006)	13 Nov 1915	11 Jul 2014	98 years, 240 days	[46]
46	Joseph Paul-Boncour	France	Prime Minister (1932–1933)	4 Aug 1873	28 Mar 1972	98 years, 237 days	[47]
47	Konstantinos Mitsotakis	Greece	Prime Minister (1990–1993)	31 Oct 1918	29 May 2017	98 years, 210 days	[48]
48	Isidro Ayora	Ecuador	President (1926–1931) [note 1]	31 Aug 1879	22 Mar 1978	98 years, 203 days	[49]
49	Émile Reuter	Luxembourg	Prime Minister (1918–1925)	2 Aug 1874	14 Feb 1973	98 years, 196 days	[50]
50	Mamadou Dia	Senegal	Prime Minister (1957–1962)	18 Jul 1910	25 Jan 2009	98 years, 191 days	[51]
51	Aden Adde	Somalia	President (1960–1967)	9 Dec 1908	8 Jun 2007	98 years, 181 days	[52]
52	Nouhak Phoumsavanh	Laos	President (1992–1998)	9 Apr 1910	9 Sep 2008	98 years, 153 days	[53]
53	Lê Đức Anh	Vietnam	President (1992–1997)	1 Dec 1920	22 Apr 2019	98 years, 142 days	[54]
54	Émile Derlin Zinsou	Dahomey	President (1968–1969)	23 Mar 1918	28 Jul 2016	98 years, 127 days	[55]
55	Lubomír Štrougal	Czechoslovakia	Prime Minister (1970–1988)	19 Oct 1924	6 Feb 2023	98 years, 110 days	[56]
56	Jean	Luxembourg	Grand Duke (1964–2000)	5 Jan 1921	23 Apr 2019	98 years, 108 days	[57]
57	Gough Whitlam	Australia	Prime Minister (1972–1975)	11 Jul 1916	21 Oct 2014	98 years, 102 days	[58]
58	Giorgio Napolitano	Italy	President (2006–2015)	29 Jun 1925	22 Sep 2023	98 years, 85 days	[59]
59	Venceslau Brás	Brazil	President (1914–1918)	26 Feb 1868	15 May 1966	98 years, 78 days	[60]
60	Claude Rostain	Andorra	French Viguier (1972–1977)	16 Dec 1916	10 Feb 2015	98 years, 56 days	[61]
61	Ramaswamy Venkataraman	India	President (1987–1992)	4 Dec 1910	27 Jan 2009	98 years, 54 days	[62]
62	Gabriel París Gordillo	Colombia	Acting President (1957–1958)	8 Mar 1910	21 Mar 2008	98 years, 13 days	[63]
63	Miloš Jakeš	Czechoslovakia	First Secretary of the Communist Party (1987–1989)	12 Aug 1922	10 Jul 2020	97 years, 333 days	[64]
64	Thanin Kraivichien	Thailand	Prime Minister (1976–1977)	5 Apr 1927	23 Feb 2025	97 years, 324 days	[65]
65	Abdelsalam Majali	Jordan	Prime Minister (1993–1995; 1997–1998)	18 Feb 1925	3 Jan 2023	97 years, 319 days	[66]
66	Kenan Evren	Turkey	President (1982–1989)	17 Jul 1917	9 May 2015	97 years, 296 days	[67]
67	Wellington Koo	China	Acting President (1926–1927) Acting Premier (1924; 1926–1927)	29 Jan 1888	14 Nov 1985	97 years, 289 days	[68]
68	Baron Ignaz von Plener	Austria-Hungary	Minister-President (1870)	21 May 1810	17 Feb 1908	97 years, 272 days	[69]
	Kim Yong-nam	North Korea	President of the Presidium (1998–2019)	4 Feb 1928	3 Nov 2025	97 years, 272 days	[70]
70	Domhnall Ua Buachalla	Irish Free State	Governor-General (1932–1936)	3 Feb 1866	30 Oct 1963	97 years, 269 days	[71]
71	Arthur Foulkes	Bahamas	Governor-General (2010–2014)	11 May 1928	Alive	97 years, 255 days	[72]
72	Abdelmalek Benhabyles	Algeria	Acting President (1992) [note 2]	27 Apr 1921	28 Dec 2018	97 years, 245 days	[73]
73	Francesc Badia i Batalla	Andorra	Episcopal Viguier (1972–1993)	10 Jan 1923	14 Aug 2020	97 years, 217 days	[74]
74	Arnaldo Forlani	Italy	Prime Minister (1980–1981)	8 Dec 1925	6 Jul 2023	97 years, 210 days	[75]
75	Ramón José Velásquez	Venezuela	President (1993–1994)	28 Nov 1916	24 Jun 2014	97 years, 208 days	[76]
76	He Yingqin	China	Premier (1949)	2 Apr 1890	21 Oct 1987	97 years, 202 days	[77]
77	Liam Cosgrave	Ireland	Taoiseach (1973–1977)	13 Apr 1920	4 Oct 2017	97 years, 174 days	[78]
78	Alfredo Solf y Muro	Peru	Prime Minister (1939–1944)	15 Mar 1872	14 Aug 1969	97 years, 152 days	[79]
79	Péter Boross	Hungary	Prime Minister (1993–1994)	27 Aug 1928	Alive	97 years, 147 days	[80]
80	Patricio Aylwin	Chile	President (1990–1994)	26 Nov 1918	19 Apr 2016	97 years, 145 days	[81]
81	Armando Villanueva	Peru	Prime Minister (1988–1989)	25 Nov 1915	14 Apr 2013	97 years, 140 days	[82]
82	Ion Gheorghe Maurer	Romania	President of the Council of Ministers (1960–1974)	23 Sep 1902	8 Feb 2000	97 years, 138 days	[83]
83	Martial Célestin	Haiti	Prime Minister (1988)	4 Oct 1913	4 Feb 2011	97 years, 123 days	[84]
84	Gheorghe Apostol	Romania	General Secretary (1954–1955)	16 May 1913	21 Aug 2010	97 years, 97 days	[85]
85	Zhu Rongji	China	Premier (1998–2003)	23 Oct 1928	Alive	97 years, 90 days	[86]
86	Kenneth Kaunda	Zambia	President (1964–1994) [note 3]	28 Apr 1924	17 Jun 2021	97 years, 50 days	[87]
87	Walter Scheel	West Germany	Acting Chancellor (1974) President (1974–1979)	8 Jul 1919	24 Aug 2016	97 years, 47 days	[88]
88	Helmut Schmidt		Chancellor (1974–1982)	23 Dec 1918	10 Nov 2015	96 years, 322 days	[89]
89	Gennaro Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte	Vatican City	Acting Sovereign (1939)	10 Apr 1851	16 Feb 1948	96 years, 312 days	[90]
90	Camille Huysmans	Belgium	Prime Minister (1946–1947)	26 May 1871	25 Feb 1968	96 years, 275 days	[91]
91	Édouard Balladur	France	Prime Minister (1993–1995)	2 May 1929	Alive	96 years, 264 days	[92]
92	Yitzhak Shamir	Israel	Prime Minister (1983–1984; 1986–1992)	22 Oct 1915	30 Jun 2012	96 years, 252 days	[93]
93	Federico Páez	Ecuador	President (1935–1937)	4 Jun 1877	9 Feb 1974	96 years, 250 days	[94]
94	Habib Bourguiba	Tunisia	Prime Minister (1956–1957) President (1957–1987)	3 Aug 1903	6 Apr 2000	96 years, 247 days	[95]
95	Vyacheslav Molotov	Soviet Union	Premier (1930–1941)	9 Mar 1890	8 Nov 1986	96 years, 244 days	[96]
96	Arnold Rüütel	Estonia	Chairman of the Supreme Council (1991–1992) President (2001–2006)	10 May 1928	31 Dec 2024	96 years, 235 days	[97]
97	Yang Hyong-sop	North Korea	Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly (1983–1998)	1 Oct 1925	13 May 2022	96 years, 224 days	[98]
98	Pedro Richter Prada	Peru	Prime Minister (1979–1980)	4 Jan 1921	14 Jul 2017	96 years, 191 days	[99]
99	Orville Turnquest	Bahamas	Governor-General (1995–2001)	19 Jul 1929	Alive	96 years, 186 days	[100]
100	Elizabeth II	United Kingdom	Queen (1952–2022) [note 4]	21 Apr 1926	8 Sep 2022	96 years, 140 days	[101]

Addendum

  Currently living

Uncertain date of birth/death

The following individuals might have been older than #1–98 on this list, but their exact date of birth/death is uncertain.

Name	State	Position	Birth	Death	Age	Citation
Muhammad al-Muqri	Morocco	Grand vizier (1911–1913; 1917–1955)	2 Feb 1854 or 2 Feb 1860 [note 5]	9 Sep 1957	103 years, 219 days or 97 years, 219 days	[104]
Ek Yi Oun	Cambodia	Prime Minister (1958)	1910	Jan 2013	102 years, 1 day to 103 years, 30 days	[105]
Hastings Banda	Malawi	Prime Minister (1964–1966) President (1966–1994)	ca.1896–1898 [note 6]	25 Nov 1997	98 years, 329 days to 101 years, 328 days	[109]
Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein	Somalia	President (1969)	before Jun 1912	12 Jun 2012	100 years, 0 days to 100 years, 163 days [note 7]	[110]
Konstantinos Kollias	Greece	Prime Minister (1967)	1901	13 Jul 1998	96 years, 194 days to 97 years, 193 days	[111]

Unclear status as state leaders

The following individuals lived longer than #1–99 on this list, but their status as a state leader is unclear. ^{[note 8]}

Name	State	Position	Birth	Death	Age	Citation
César Yanes Urías	El Salvador	Member of the Junta of Government (1960–1961)	24 Apr 1920	4 Dec 2024	104 years, 224 days	[112]
Josip Manolić	Croatia	Prime Minister (1990–1991)	22 Mar 1920	15 Apr 2024	104 years, 24 days	[113]
Kazi Lhendup Dorjee	Sikkim	Prime Minister (1974–1975)	11 Oct 1904	28 Jul 2007	102 years, 290 days	[114]
Edward Bernard Raczyński	Poland	President in-exile (1979-1986)	19 Dec 1891	30 Jul 1993	101 years, 223 days	[115]
Kim Yong-ju	North Korea	Vice president during vacancy (1994–1998)	21 Sep 1920	13 Dec 2021	101 years, 83 days	[116]
Hau Pei-tsun	Taiwan	Premier (1990–1993)	8 Aug 1919	30 Mar 2020	100 years, 235 days	[117]
Vicente Almeida d'Eça	Portuguese Cape Verde	Governor-General (1974)	31 Jul 1918	13 Oct 2018	100 years, 74 days	[118]
Abdel Halim Mohamed	Sudan	Member of Sovereignty Council (1964–1965)	10 Apr 1910	16 Apr 2009	99 years, 6 days	[119]
Ali Haroun	Algeria	Member of the High Council of State (1992–1994)	8 Feb 1927	Alive	98 years, 347 days	[120]
Borys Martos	Ukraine	Chairman of People's Ministers (1919)	20 May 1879	19 Sep 1977	98 years, 122 days	[121]
Artúr Görgei	Hungarian State	Governer-President (1849)	30 Jan 1818	21 May 1916	98 years, 112 days	[122]
Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám	Hungary	Prime Minister of the Counter-Revolutionary Government (1919)	10 Jul 1875	25 Jul 1973	98 years, 15 days	[123]
Lee Teng-hui	Taiwan	President (1988–2000)	15 Jan 1923	30 Jul 2020	97 years, 197 days	[124]
Louis Sanmarco	Gabon	Governor-General (1958-1959)	7 April 1912	9 Oct 2009	97 years, 185 days	[125]
Laurie Greig	Cook Islands	Acting Queen's Representative (2000–2001)	24 Feb 1929	Alive	96 years, 331 days	[126]
Joseph-François Reste	French Equatorial Africa	Governor-General (1927; 1936-1939)	2 May 1879	15 Mar 1976	96 years, 318 days	[127]
Khertek Anchimaa-Toka	Tuva	Chairwoman of the Presidium (1940–1944)	1 Jan 1912	4 Nov 2008	96 years, 308 days	[128]
Adnan al-Pachachi	Iraq	Prime Minister of State Governing Council (2004)	14 May 1923	17 Nov 2019	96 years, 187 days	[129]

Unclear status as state leader with uncertain Birth/death

The following individual lived longer than #1 on this list, but his date of death is uncertain and his status as a state leader is unclear. ^{[note 9]}

Name	State	Position	Birth	Death	Age	Citation
Calvin Tsiebo	Madagascar	Triumvir during absence (1970-1972)	12 Jul 1902	2008	105 years, 173 days to 106 years, 172 days	[130] [ better source needed ]

See also

• List of oldest living state leaders
• List of centenarians (politicians and civil servants)
• List of current heads of state and government
• List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
• List of longest-reigning monarchs
• List of youngest state leaders since 1900
• Lists of state leaders by age
• Lists of state leaders
• Records of heads of state
• Gerontocracy

Notes

1. He was interim President until 1929.
2. Chairman of the Constitutional Council from 1989; Became Acting President in January 11, 1992 after President Chadli Bendjedid was ousted
3. He was also the unrecognised Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia in 1964.
4. At the start of her reign, she was the queen of 31 other states.
5. Muhammad al-Muqri's birthdate is disputed, but he is generally qgreed to have been born in either 1854 or 1860. ^{[102] [103]}
6. Hastings Banda's birthdate is disputed, but he is generally agreed to have been born between 1896 ^[106] and 1898 ^[107] , though some sources suggest 1906. ^[108]
7. Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein's birthdate is uncertain, but it is known he was 100 when he died and that he was born in 1912. ^[110]
8. They were either members of collective presidencies without a clear leader, leaders of states with limited recognition, leaders of recognised states with limited roles, colonial leaders of autonomous states or leaders of de-facto governments.
9. He was in charge of the Malagasy government alongside a group of politicians when President Philibert Tsiranana was unable to manage the state.

References

1. "Heads of State, Heads of Government and Ministers for Foreign Affairs | Department for General Assembly and Conference Management". www.un.org. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
2. De Lopez, T.T. (28 January 2009). "A final goodbye to Cambodia's last great civil servant". Phnom Penh Post .
3. "Guillermo Rodríguez Lara cumple 102 años de una vida que marcó la historia del Ecuador". Al Dia Online (in Spanish). 4 November 2025. Retrieved 5 November 2025.
4. "Celal Bayar Dies at Age 104; A Father of Turkish Republic". 1986-08-23. Archived from the original on 2023-11-04. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
5. Sarka-SPIP, Collectif. "PINAY Antoine (1891-1994) - Cimetières de France et d'ailleurs". landrucimetieres.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-07-30. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
6. "PRUNET-FOCH André - Ancien combattant de la 1ère DFL". archive.wikiwix.com. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
7. "Naruhiko Higashikuni, 102, Dies; Led a Postwar Japanese Cabinet" . The New York Times . 23 January 1990. p. D 22. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
8. "مولانا بابكر عوض الله رئيس السلطات الثلاثة في ذمة الله بايرلندا .. كتب: صلاح الباشا". www.sudanile.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
9. "Willem Drees Dies at 101; Postwar Dutch Leader". 1988-05-19. Archived from the original on 2024-11-27. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
10. VnExpress. "Revolutionary, reform architect, Party leader Do Muoi dies aged 101 - VnExpress International". VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam. Archived from the original on 2025-10-24. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
11. "Ex-PM Murayama, who apologized for Japan wartime aggression, dies at 101 - The Mainichi". The Mainichi. Archived from the original on 2025-10-29. Retrieved 2025-12-26.
12. "Chang Chun Is Dead;Taiwan Aide Was 101". 1990-12-16. Archived from the original on 2025-01-12. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
13. "Yasuhiro Nakasone, Assertive Prime Minister of Japan, Dies at 101". 2019-11-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-16. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
14. "Piet de Jong, Dutch politician and naval officer, Died at 101". Dead Obituary. 2016-08-02. Archived from the original on 2016-08-11. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
15. "'노태우정부 마지막 총리' 현승종 전 한림대 총장 별세". 한국경제 (in Korean). 2020-05-25. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
16. "Fallece Bernardino González Ruíz a los 101 años". La Estrella de Panamá (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 August 2012.
17. Souvannasane, Thongsavanh (2025-04-02). "Former President Khamtai Siphandone Passes Away at 101". Laotian Times. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
18. Terjesen, Einar A.; statsministrar (1999), Norske; Kjølås, Harald (2025-08-25), "Christopher Hornsrud", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian), retrieved 2025-12-27
19. "Obituary: Mustafa Ben Halim, Libya's third prime minister, dies aged 100". Al Arabiya English. 2021-12-08. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
20. "August 2013". www.rulers.org. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
21. Proyectos, HI Iberia Ingeniería y. "Real Academia de la Historia | Historia Hispánica". historia-hispanica.rah.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-12-30.
22. "Peru military leader who oversaw return of democracy dies". AP News. 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
23. "Malaysia's 100-year-old ex-Premier Mahathir hospitalized for hip fracture". Anadolu Agency. 6 January 2026. Retrieved 6 January 2026.
24. "داکتر صبور سیاسنگ: پراکنده‌های پیوسته". حقیقت (in Dutch). Retrieved 2025-12-27.
25. "Muere expresidente Luis Echeverría a los 100 años de edad". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-12-27.
26. "Jimmy Carter, 39th president and Nobel Peace Prize winner, dies at 100". The Washington Post. 2024-12-29. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2025-12-27.
27. Former UN chief Javier Pérez de Cuéllar dies aged 100
28. "Xenophon Zolotas". data.bnf.fr (in French). Bibliothèque nationale de France. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
29. "- وفاة المناضل عبدالسلام صبره(سيرة ذاتية))". www.almotamar.net. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
30. "First president of Suriname dies aged 99". DutchNews.nl. 4 January 2010.
31. BA, Faty (2025-05-29). "Le Président Abdoulaye Wade célèbre ses 99 ans…". Senego.com - Actualité au Sénégal (in French). Retrieved 2025-12-27.
32. R I P ဗိုလ်မှူးကြီးသူရ (ဦး)ထွန်းတင် . . .
33. "Rediff On The NeT: Former PM Gulzarilal Nanda dead". m.rediff.com. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
34. "Mohamed Karim Lamrani n'est plus". Le Matin.ma (in French). 2018-09-20. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
35. "Sir Anthony Mamo: State funeral tomorrow". Times of Malta . 1 May 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
36. "Michail Stasinopoulos". www.thetimes.com. 2002-11-08. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
37. "Ch 10". www.discoverjamaica.com. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
38. "Širdžių Prezidentas Valdas Adamkus mini 99-ąjį gimtadienį: "Ši diena yra inspiracija ateičiai"". tv3.lt (in Lithuanian). 3 November 2025. Retrieved 3 November 2025.
39. "Raif Dizdarević slavi 99. rođendan: Dobio posebnu čestitku". Radio Sarajevo (in Bosnian). 9 December 2025. Retrieved 10 December 2025.
40. "Morarji Desai Dies at 99; Defeated Indira Gandhi to Become Premier of India". 1995-04-11. Archived from the original on 2025-06-28. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
41. "Former State leader passes away". VietNam Today.
42. "Verifying…". gozo.news. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
43. "TRT Afrika - Tanzania's former President Ali Hassan Mwinyi dies". www.trtafrika.com. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
44. "Thailand's influential ex-PM Prem Tinsulanonda dies at 98". 2019-05-26. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
45. Weber, Bruce (17 November 2009). "Pierre Harmel, Belgian Who Helped Reshape NATO, Dies at 98". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
46. "Sir Howard Cooke: Politician who went from teachers' trade-union". The Independent. 2014-07-30. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
47. "Joseph Paul-Boncour Is Dead; Ex-Premier of France Was 98". New York Times. 30 March 1972. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
48. "Former Greek Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis dies aged 99". New Europe. 29 May 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
49. Borrero, Efraín (2025-12-17). "El baúl de los recuerdos: La aristocrática Laura Carbo y su esposo Isidro Ayora". DIARIO CRÓNICA (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-12-27.
50. "How Emile Reuter gave a voice to Luxembourg at Nuremberg trials". Luxembourg Times. 2025-11-22. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
51. "Mamadou Dia - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale". www2.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
52. "First president of Somalia dies". BBC News . BBC. 8 June 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
53. "Nouhak Phoumsavanh, Former President of Laos, Dies at 98". The New York Times. 12 September 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
54. Nguyên Chủ tịch nước Lê Đức Anh từ trần (in Vietnamese)
55. "Former President of Benin, Emile Zinsou, dead". Africanews. 2016-07-29. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
56. "Zomrel komunistický pohlavár Štrougal (†98): Preslávila ho fáma o mileneckom pomere s Vondráčkovou". Topky.sk (in Slovak). 2023-02-06. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
57. Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg dies at the age of 98
58. Gough Whitlam dies at age 98
59. "Giorgio Napolitano è morto: se ne va il primo presidente della Repubblica eletto due volte l". la Repubblica (in Italian). 2023-09-22. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
60. "Brás, Venceslau / 1.0 / encyclopedic". 1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
61. "matchID - Moteur de recherche des décès". deces.matchid.io. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
62. "Former President R Venkataraman passes away". The Indian Express. January 27, 2009.
63. "Murió el general París, último superviviente de la Junta Militar \". Elespectador.com (in Spanish). 2020-03-17. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
64. "Milouš Jakeš — Czechoslovak Communist Party general secretary in 1989 — dies aged 97". Radio Prague International. 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
65. "Former Thai Prime Minister Thanin Kraivichien, a hard-line anti-communist in the 1970s, dies at 97". AP News. 2025-02-24. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
66. Former Prime Minister Abdel Salam Majali passes away
67. "Mastermind of 1980 Turkish coup Kenan Evren dies, legacy lingers". DailySabah. 9 May 2015.
68. "V.K. Wellington Koo Dies; A Former Premier of Chine". 1985-11-16. Archived from the original on 2025-09-18. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
69. W. Goldinger: " Plener Ignaz Frh. von ". In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Vol. 8, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Vienna 1983, ISBN   3-7001-0187-2 , p. 123.
70. Press, Associated (2025-11-04). "North Korea's longtime ceremonial head of state Kim Yong Nam has died, Pyongyang says". CNN. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
71. "Deaths in the Superintendent Registrar's District of Dublin, 1963" (PDF). irishgenealogy.ie. Entry Numbers 426–435. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
72. "Happy Birthday to My Mentor Sir Arthur A. Foulkes". Bahamas ChronicleAHAMAS. 2024-05-11. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
73. "Décès d'Abdelmalek Benhabylès, Président du Conseil Constitutionnel sous Chadli - DIA". DIA (in French). 2018-12-29.
74. Redacció (2020-08-14). "Mor l'exveguer Francesc Badia". Diari d'Andorra (in Catalan). Retrieved 2025-12-28.
75. "E' morto Arnaldo Forlani, ex Presidente del Consiglio e simbolo della Dc". La Stampa (in Italian). 2023-07-06. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
76. "Venezuelan ex-President Ramon Velasquez dies aged 97". BBC News. 2014-06-25. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
77. Lu, Suping (July 10, 2012). A Mission under Duress: The Nanjing Massacre and Post-Massacre Social Conditions Documented by American Diplomats. University Press of America. ISBN   9780761851516 – via Google Books.
78. Liam Cosgrave, former taoiseach and Fine Gael leader, dies aged 97
79. Núñez, Carlos Augusto Ramos (2005). Historia Del Derecho Civil Peruano (siglos Xix Y Xx) Tomo Vi (in Spanish). Fondo Editorial PUCP. ISBN   978-9972-42-780-0.
80. Erika, Vasvári. "Van még feladata a ma 97 éves volt miniszterelnöknek". magyarjelen.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2025-12-28.
81. Patricio Aylwin, president who guided Chile to democracy, dies aged 97
82. "Últimas Noticias del Perú y el Mundo en RPP Noticias". rpp.pe (in Spanish). 2025-12-28. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
83. Pace, Eric (11 February 2000). "Ion Gheorghe Maurer, 97, Romanian Premier From 1961 to 1974" . The New York Times . p. B 9. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
84. "Décès de l'ancien Premier ministre Martial Célestin, 97 ans". Radio Kiskeya (in French). Retrieved March 8, 2011.
85. "Gheorghe Apostol, Romanian Communist Who Criticized Ceausescu, Dies at 97". The New York Times. The Associated Press. 25 August 2010.
86. 陈进安 (2025-10-22). "97岁朱镕基久未露面 日前托人问候清华经管顾委会会议". 香港01 (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 2025-12-28.
87. Arnold, Guy (2021-06-17). "Kenneth Kaunda obituary". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2025-12-28.
88. Walter Scheel, Ex-President of West Germany, Is Dead at 97
89. "German ex-Chancellor Helmut Schmidt dies at 96". BBC News. 2015-11-10. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
90. Lentz III, Harris M. (2015-07-11). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland. ISBN   978-1-4766-2155-5.
91. "Huysmans, Jean Joseph Camille". Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
92. Cossa, Céline (2025-10-20). "Édouard Balladur, très affaibli, se rend au domicile de Nicolas Sarkozy : Carla Bruni s'emporte". VSD (in French). Retrieved 2025-12-28.
93. "Yitzhak Shamir, former prime minister, dies at 96", Times of Israel, 30 June 2012.
94. "Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture" (PDF). www.armchairpatriot.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-07. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
95. Eric Pace (7 April 2000). "Habib Bourguiba, Independence Champion and President of Tunisia, Dies at 96" . The New York Times . p. B 13. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
96. "Vyacheslav M. Molotov Is Dead; Close Associate of Stalin Was 96". 1986-11-11. Archived from the original on 2024-12-16. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
97. "president.ee". president.ee. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
98. "Newstream". KCNA Watch. Retrieved 2025-12-30.
99. Falleció exministro Pedro Richter Prada, implicado en Operación Cóndor (in Spanish)
100. "PM owes Foulkes and Turnquest a 'public apology' says Pintard". Archived from the original on 2025-10-19. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
101. "Queen Elizabeth II has died". BBC News. 2022-09-08. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
102. Den Haag antwoordt niet: Herinneringen van JHR. Mr. H.F.L.K. Vredenburch. Nijhoff. 1985. ISBN   9789024780716.
103. Hssain, Abdelmajid (2005). "al-Muqri (al-Hajj-) Muhammad ibn Abd al-Salam". In Toufiq, Ahmed; Hajji, Mohamed (eds.). Ma'lamat al-Maghrib (in Arabic). Vol. 21. al-Jamī‘a al-Maghribiyya li-l-Ta’līf wa-l-Tarjama wa-l-Nashr. p. 7233.
104. "El Hadj Mohammed El Mokri Is Dead; Ex-Grand Vizier of French Morocco; Was a Centenarian". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2020-08-21.
105. "ដឹងអត់ ! នៅស្រុកខ្មែរ មានអ្នកធ្លាប់ ធ្វើនាយករដ្ឋមន្រ្តី បានមួយសបា្តហ៍". Koh Santepheap Daily (in Khmer). 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
106. Franz, Alyssa (2009-05-22). "Hastings Banda (ca. 1896-1997)". BlackPast.org. Retrieved 2025-12-30.
107. Brody, Donal (2000). "Conversations with Kamuzu: The Life and Times of Dr. H. Kamuzu Banda".
108. "Obituary: Dr Hastings Banda". The Independent. 2011-10-23. Archived from the original on March 21, 2025. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
109. "Malawians bury Banda". mg.co.za. 3 December 1997. Archived from the original on 2025-01-24. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
110. "archive.ph". archive.ph. Archived from the original on 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2025-12-27.
111. "Kollias Κonstantinos, 1901-1998". www.searchculture.gr. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
112. Chicas, Korayma (2024-12-06). "Fuerza Armada despide con honores al fundador de la Marina Nacional - Diario El Salvador" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2025-12-28.
113. "Preminuo je Josip Manolić! Kći Zrnka: 'Napatio se jako, ali bio je velik i u svojoj boli'". nacional.hr (in Croatian). 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
114. "Sikkim's first Chief Minister Kazi Lhendup Dorjee dies". The Times of India. 2007-07-30. ISSN   0971-8257 . Retrieved 2025-12-28.
115. "Count Raczynski, 101, Diplomat Who Served Poland in Wartime (Published 1993)". 1993-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-04-22. Retrieved 2026-01-11.
116. "Kim Yong Ju: Younger brother of North Korea founder Kim Il Sung dies". Sky News. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
117. "Former Premier Hau Pei-tsun dies at 100 - Focus Taiwan". Focus Taiwan - CNA English News. 2020-03-30. Retrieved 2025-12-31.
118. "VALM (Ref) Vicente Manuel de Moura Coutinho de Almeida d'Eça". O Navio... desarmado. 2018-10-14. Retrieved 2025-12-31.
119. البيان. "السودان يودع عبدالحليم محمد". www.albayan.ae (in Arabic). Retrieved 2025-12-27.
120. Simpara, Mahamadou (29 December 2023). "Controversial Algerian General Khaled Nezzar Dies at 86". Monocco World News. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
121. "Yitzhak Shamir, former Israeli prime minister, dies at 96". The Washington Post. 2012-06-30. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2025-12-28.
122. "Huysmans, Jean Joseph Camille". Koninklijke Academie voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
123. Marko, Laszlo (2005). Ki kicsoda a magyar történelemben (in Hungarian). Helikon. ISBN   978-963-208-863-1.
124. Lai, Johnson (2020-07-31). "Former president who brought direct elections to Taiwan dies". AP News. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
125. Fandos-Rius, Juan; Bradshaw, Richard (2025-02-16). Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN   978-1-5381-8577-3.
126. "Roll of The Honourables". Government of New Zealand. 10 July 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2025.
127. "François Reste de Roca - Base de données des députés français depuis 1789 - Assemblée nationale". www2.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 2026-01-10.
128. "Khertek Anchimaa Toka: the world's first female head of state". www.thetimes.com. 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
129. Report, Gulf News (2019-11-17). "Adnan Pachachi passes away". Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
130. "Index Tj-Tz". rulers.org. Retrieved 2026-01-03.