List of Jewish heads of state and government

Last updated

This is a list of heads of state and government who are fully or largely of Jewish heritage.

Contents

Heads of state and government

  Denotes incumbent head of state or government.
ImageHead of state or governmentTitleCountryIn office fromIn office untilBorn inJewish ancestry
Samuel ibn Nagrella Grand Vizier and Nagid Taifa of Granada, Al-Andalus 10271055 Cordoba, Al-Andalus Sephardic Jewish [1] [2] [3] [4]
Yosef ibn Nagrella Grand Vizier and Nagid Taifa of Granada, Al-Andalus 105530 December 1066 Granada, Al-Andalus Sephardic Jewish [5] [6] [7]
Coat of Arms of the House of Sanudo.svg Joseph Nasi Duke of Naxos Duchy of the Archipelago 15661579 Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Jewish [8] [9] [10]
Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1580-1668).svg Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva Governor of the New Kingdom of León Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg  New Kingdom of León 15801588 Mogadouro, Kingdom of Portugal Portuguese Jewish [11] [12] [13]
Royal Arms of Norway & Denmark (1699-1819).svg Gabriel Milan Governor of The Danish West Indies Flag of Denmark.svg  The Danish West Indies 7 May 16845 July 1686 Glückstadt, Germany Sephardic Jewish [14]
Juan Lindo00001.JPG Juan Lindo President of El Salvador Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 7 January 18411 February 1842 Tegucigalpa, Honduras Sephardic Jewish [15] [16] [17] [18]
President of Honduras Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 2 February 18471 February 1852
Benjamin Disraeli by Cornelius Jabez Hughes, 1878.jpg Benjamin Disraeli Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 27 February 18681 December 1868 Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom British Jewish, Italian Jewish [19] [20] [21] [22]
20 February 187421 April 1880
Julius Vogel, ca 1870s.jpg Julius Vogel Premier of New Zealand Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 8 April 18736 July 1875 London, United Kingdom English Jewish [23] [24] [25]
15 February 18761 September 1876
Vaiben Solomon1.jpg Vaiben Louis Solomon Premier of South Australia Flag of South Australia.svg  South Australia 1 December 18998 December 1899 Adelaide, South Australia Australian Jewish [26] [27]
Sir Matthew Nathan.jpg Matthew Nathan Governor of the Gold Coast Flag of the Gold Coast (1877-1957).svg  Gold Coast 17 December 19009 February 1904 London, United Kingdom English Jewish [28] [29] [30]
Governor of Hong Kong Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg  Hong Kong 29 July 190429 July 1907
Governor of Natal Flag of the Natal Colony (1875-1910).svg Colony of Natal 2 September 190723 December 1909
Alessandro Fortis.jpg Alessandro Fortis Prime Minister of Italy Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy 28 March 19058 February 1906 Forlì, Papal States Italian Jewish [31] [32] [33]
Sidney Sonnino 2.jpg Sidney Sonnino Prime Minister of Italy Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy 8 February 190629 May 1906 Pisa, Grand Duchy of Tuscany Italian Jewish descent [34] [35] [36]
11 December 190931 March 1910
Luigi Luzzatti.jpg Luigi Luzzatti Prime Minister of Italy Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg  Italy 31 March 191030 March 1911 Venice, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia Italian Jewish [37] [38] [39]
Francisco Henriquez Carvajal.jpg Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal President of the Dominican Republic Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 31 July 191629 November 1916 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Dutch Jewish, Sephardic Jewish [40] [41] [42] [43]
Sverdlov Iakov Mikhailovich.jpg Yakov Sverdlov Chairman of All-Russian Central Executive Committee Flag of Russia (1918).svg  Soviet Russia 21 November 191716 March 1919 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire Russian Jewish [44] [45] [46]
M. Abraham Schrameck, Ministre de l'Interieur.png Abraham Schrameck Governor-general of French Madagascar Flag of France.svg  French Madagascar 1 August 191812 July 1919 Saint-Étienne, France French Jewish [47] [48]
Kurt Eisner.jpg Kurt Eisner Minister President of the People's State of Bavaria Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg  Bavaria 8 November 191821 February 1919 Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia German Jewish [49] [50] [51]
Bela Kun (cropped).png Béla Kun De facto leaderSocialist red flag.svg  Hungary 21 March 19191 August 1919 Lele, Austria-Hungary Hungarian Jewish [52] [53] [54] [55]
Eugene Levine1.jpg Eugen Leviné Leader of the Bavarian Soviet Republic Bavarian Soviet Republic 12 April 19193 May 1919 St Petersburg, Russian Empire Russian Jewish [56] [57] [58]
Alexandre Millerand (cropped).jpg Alexandre Millerand Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 20 January 192024 September 1920 Paris, France Alsatian Jewish [59] [60] [61]
President of France 23 September 192011 June 1924
Herbert Samuel.jpg Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel High Commissioner for Palestine Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Mandatory Palestine 1 July 192030 June 1925 Liverpool, England British Jewish [62] [63] [64]
Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading in 1917.jpg Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading Viceroy and Governor-General of India British Raj Red Ensign.svg  British India 2 April 19213 April 1926 London, England British Jewish [65] [66] [67]
Zigfrids-Anna-Meierovics.jpg Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics Prime Minister of Latvia Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 19 June 192126 January 1923 Durbe, Latvia Latvian Jewish [68] [69] [70]
28 June 192326 January 1924
Sir Francis Henry Dillon Bell, ca 1924.jpg Francis Bell Prime Minister of New Zealand Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 14 May 192530 May 1925 Nelson, New Zealand New Zealander Jew [71] [72] [73]
Isaac Isaacs 1936 (cropped).jpg Sir Isaac Isaacs Governor-General of Australia Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 21 January 193123 January 1936 Melbourne, Australia Polish Jewish [74] [70] [75] [76]
Leon Blum Meurisse b 1927.jpg Léon Blum Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 4 June 193622 June 1937 Paris, France French Jewish, Alsatian Jewish [77] [78]
13 March 193810 April 1938
16 December 194622 January 1947
Leon-Geismar-en-uniforme.JPG Léon Geismar Acting governor-general of French West Africa Flag of France (1794-1815, 1830-1974, 2020-present).svg  French West Africa 14 July 193828 October 1938 Dambach-la-Ville, Alsace-Lorraine Alsatian Jewish [79]
Matyas Rakosi.jpg Mátyás Rákosi General Secretary of the MKP/MDP Flag of Hungary (1949-1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svg  Hungary 23 February 194518 July 1956 Ada, Austria-Hungary Hungarian Jewish [80]
Prime Minister of Hungary 14 August 19524 July 1953
Ben-Gurion.jpg David Ben-Gurion
Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 17 May 194826 January 1954 Płońsk, Congress Poland, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Polish Jewish [81] [82] [83]
3 November 195526 June 1963
Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - President Chaim Weizmann.jpg Chaim Weizmann President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 17 February 19499 November 1952 Motal, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [84] [85] [86]
Standard of the Governor of the Uganda Protectorate.svg Andrew Cohen Governor of Uganda Uganda Protectorate January 19521957 Berkhamsted, United Kingdom British Jewish [87]
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi.jpg Yitzhak Ben-Zvi President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 16 December 195223 April 1963 Poltava, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish [88] [89] [90] [91]
Rene Mayer.jpg René Mayer Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 8 January 195328 June 1953 Paris, France French Jewish [92] [93]
Moshe Sharett (1948).jpg Moshe Sharett Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 26 January 19543 November 1955 Kherson, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish [94] [95] [96] [97] [98]
Pierre Mendes France 1968.jpg Pierre Mendès France Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 18 June 195423 February 1955 Paris, France French Jewish, Portuguese Jewish [99] [100] [101]
Peter Lambda, Bust of David Marshall (1956), School of Law, Singapore Management University - 20150401-03.jpg David Marshall Chief Minister of Singapore Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 6 April 19557 June 1956 Singapore, Straits Settlements Baghdadi Jewish [102] [103]
Gero Erno 1955 (cropped).jpg Ernő Gerő General Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party Flag of Hungary (1949-1956; 1-2 aspect ratio).svg  Hungary 18 July 195625 October 1956 Terbegec, Austria-Hungary Hungarian Jewish [104]
Roy welensky.jpg Roy Welensky Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 2 November 195631 December 1963 Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia Lithuanian Jewish [105] [106] [107]
Michel Debre.jpg Michel Debré Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 8 January 195914 April 1962 Paris, France Alsatian Jewish, [108] [109] [110] [111] raised Catholic [112] [113]
Zalman Shazar.jpg Zalman Shazar President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 21 May 196324 May 1973 Mir, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [114] [115] [116]
Levi Eshko portrait 1964.jpg Levi Eshkol
Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 26 June 196326 February 1969 Orativ, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish [117] [118] [119] [120]
Joshua Hassan.jpg Joshua Hassan Chief Minister of Gibraltar Flag of Gibraltar.svg  Gibraltar 11 August 19646 August 1969 Gibraltar Gibraltarian Jewish, Sephardic Jewish [121] [122] [123]
25 June 19728 December 1987
Coat of arms of Panama.svg Max Delvalle President of Panama Flag of Panama.svg  Panama April 8, 1967April 15, 1967 Panama City, Panama Panamanian Jewish,Portuguese Jewish [124] [125]
Portrait of Yigal Allon.jpg Yigal Allon Acting Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 26 February 196917 March 1969 Kfar Tavor, Occupied Enemy Territory Administration Israeli Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [126] [127] [128]
Golda Meir 03265u.jpg Golda Meir Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 17 March 19693 June 1974 Kyiv, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish [129] [130]
Bruno Kreisky 1983.jpg Bruno Kreisky Chancellor of Austria Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 21 April 197024 May 1983 Vienna, Austria-Hungary Austrian Jewish [131] [132] [133] [134]
Ephraim Katzir visited the Tel Aviv Wax Museum (cropped).jpg Ephraim Katzir President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 24 May 197324 May 1978 Kyiv, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish [135] [136] [137]
Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Life of Lt. Gen. Yitzhak Rabin, 7th IDF Chief of Staff in photos (11).jpg Yitzhak Rabin Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 3 June 197420 June 1977 Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish [138] [139]
13 July 19924 November 1995
Menachem Begin, Andrews AFB, 1978.JPG Menachem Begin Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 20 June 197710 October 1983 Brest, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [140] [141] [142] [143]
Zelman Cowen.jpg Sir Zelman Cowen Governor-General of Australia Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 8 December 197729 July 1982 Melbourne, Australia Australian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [144] [145] [146] [147]
Yitzhak Navon 1.jpg Yitzhak Navon President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 24 May 19785 May 1983 Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine Israeli Jewish, Turkish Jewish, Moroccan Jewish [148] [149] [150] [151]
Leon Kengo Senate of Poland 01.JPG Léon Kengo wa Dondo Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 5 November 198231 October 1986 Libenge, Belgian Congo Polish Jewish [152] [153]
26 November 19884 May 1990
6 July 19942 April 1997
Chaim Herzog.png Chaim Herzog President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 5 May 198313 May 1993 Belfast, Ireland Israeli Jewish, Irish Jewish [154] [155]
Yitzhak Shamir (1980).jpg Yitzhak Shamir Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 10 October 198313 September 1984 Ruzhinoy, Russian Empire Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [156] [157] [158] [159]
20 October 198613 July 1992
Laurent Fabius.jpg Laurent Fabius Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 17 July 198420 March 1986 Paris, France French Jewish, [160] [161] [162] [163] parents converted to Catholicism and was raised Catholic [164]
Shimon Peres, WJC Plenary Assembly, 2009.jpg Shimon Peres
Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 13 September 198420 October 1986 Wiszniew, Poland Israeli Jewish, Polish Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [165] [166] [167] [168]
22 November 199518 June 1996
President of Israel 15 July 200714 July 2014
Eric Arturo Delvalle.png Eric Arturo Delvalle President of Panama Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 28 September 198526 February 1988 Panama City, Panama Panamanian Jewish, Portuguese Jewish [169]
Henny Eman (1986).jpg Henny Eman Prime Minister of Aruba Flag of Aruba.svg  Aruba 1 January 19869 February 1989 Aruba Aruban Jewish [170] [171]
29 July 199430 October 2001
Petre Roman 1989.jpg
Petre Roman Prime Minister of Romania Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 26 December 19891 October 1991 Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania Hungarian Jewish [172] [173] [174] [175] [176] father, showed no interest in Jewish affairs and got married in a Romanian Orthodox wedding ceremony [177] [178] [179]
Ruth Dreifuss (2014, cropped).jpg Ruth Dreifuss Member of Swiss Federal Council Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 10 March 199331 December 2002 St. Gallen, Switzerland Swiss Jewish [180] [181] [182]
President of Switzerland 1 January 199931 December 1999
prvp' SHlmh AqSHtyyn v`zr vyTSmn (24519769611) (cropped).jpg Ezer Weizman President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 13 May 199313 July 2000 Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [84] [85] [86]
Escudo nacional del Peru.svg Efraín Goldenberg Prime Minister of Peru Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 17 February 199428 July 1995 Lima, Peru Peruvian Jewish, Romanian Jewish [183] [17]
Benjamin Netanyahu 2012.jpg Benjamin Netanyahu Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 18 June 19966 July 1999 Tel Aviv, Israel Israeli Jewish, Polish Jewish [184] [185]
31 March 200913 June 2021
29 December 2022Incumbent
Janet Jagan.png Janet Jagan Prime Minister of Guyana Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 17 March 199719 December 1997 Chicago, Illinois, United States Guyanese Jewish, American Jewish [186] [187] [188]
President of Guyana 19 December 199711 August 1999
Sergei Kirienko - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2000 (cropped).jpg Sergey Kiriyenko Prime Minister of Russia Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 23 March 199823 August 1998 Sukhumi, Abkhaz ASSR, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union Russian Jewish, Georgian Jewish [189]
E Primakov 03.jpg Yevgeny Primakov Prime Minister of Russia Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 11 September 199812 May 1999 Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union Russian Jewish [190] [191] [192] [193] [194]
Ehud Barak official.jpg Ehud Barak
Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 6 July 19997 March 2001 Mishmar HaSharon, Mandatory Palestine Israeli Jewish, Lithuanian Jewish [195] [196]
Moshe Katsav 2, by Amir Gilad.JPG Moshe Katsav President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1 August 20001 July 2007 Yazd, Iran Israeli Jewish, Persian Jewish [197] [198]
Ariel Sharon, by Jim Wallace (Smithsonian Institution).jpg Ariel Sharon
Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 7 March 200114 April 2006 Kfar Malal, Mandatory Palestine Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish [199] [200] [201]
US Navy 030820-F-2828D-168 Honduran President Ricardo Maduro 2003-08-20.jpg Ricardo Maduro President of Honduras Flag of Honduras.svg  Honduras 27 January 200227 January 2006 Panama Honduran Jewish, Portuguese Jewish [202] [203] [204] [205] [206]
Zurab zhavnia senate.JPG Zurab Zhvania Prime Minister of Georgia Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 17 February 20043 February 2005 Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union Armenian Jewish [207] [208] [70]
Mikhail Fradkov, 2014.jpg Mikhail Fradkov Prime Minister of Russia Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 5 March 200414 September 2007 Samara, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union Russian Jewish [209] [210]
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski (cropped 2).jpg Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Prime Minister of Peru Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 16 August 200527 July 2006 Lima, Peru German Jewish, Peruvian Jewish [211] [208] [70]
President of Peru 28 July 201623 March 2018
Ehud Olmert 2006May23.jpg Ehud Olmert Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 14 April 200631 March 2009 Binyamina, Mandatory Palestine Israeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish [212]
Yehude Simon Munaro.JPG Yehude Simon Prime Minister of Peru Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 14 October 200811 July 2009 Lima, Peru Peruvian Jewish [68] [208] [70]
John Key February 2015.jpg John Key Prime Minister of New Zealand Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 19 November 200812 December 2016 Auckland, New Zealand Austrian Jewish [213] [214] [215] [216] mother, he is agnostic and regularly attended church [217]
Prime Minister of the Czech Republic Jan Fischer.JPG Jan Fischer Prime Minister of the Czech Republic Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 8 May 200913 July 2010 Prague, Czechoslovakia Czech Jewish [218] [219] [220]
Mike Eman.jpg Mike Eman Prime Minister of Aruba Flag of Aruba.svg  Aruba 30 October 200917 November 2017 Oranjestad, Aruba Aruban Jewish [221] [222]
Salomon Lerner.jpg Salomón Lerner Ghitis Prime Minister of Peru Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 28 July 201110 December 2011 Lima, Peru Peruvian Jewish [223] [224] [225]
Reuven Rivlin as the president of Israel.jpg Reuven Rivlin President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 24 July 20147 July 2021 Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine Israeli Jewish, Austrian Jewish [226]
Volodymyr Groysman 2016.jpg Volodymyr Groysman Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 25 July 201431 July 2014 Vinnytsia, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union Ukrainian Jewish [227] [228] [229]
Prime Minister of Ukraine14 April 201629 August 2019
Volodymyr Zelensky Official portrait.jpg Volodymyr Zelenskyy President of Ukraine Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 20 May 2019Incumbent Kryvyi Rih, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union Ukrainian Jewish [227] [230] [231]
Laurentino Cortizo (cropped).jpg Laurentino Cortizo President of Panama Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 1 July 2019Incumbent Panama City, Panama Greek Jewish [232] [233] [234] [235] mother, but is a devout Roman Catholic [236] [237]
Sergio Mattarella and Latvian President Levits at the 16th Arraiolos meeting (2) (cropped).jpg Egils Levits President of Latvia Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 8 July 20198 July 2023 Riga, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union Latvian Jewish [238] [239] [240] [241] father, does not identify as Jewish [242]
Sophie Wilmes 2020 (cropped) 2.jpg Sophie Wilmès Prime Minister of Belgium Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 27 October 20191 October 2020 Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium Belgian Jewish [243] [244] [245] [246] [247]
Mikhail Mishustin (06-09-2021) (cropped).png Mikhail Mishustin Prime Minister of Russia Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 16 January 2020Incumbent Lobnya, Russian SFSR Russian Jewish [248] [249] [250]
Naftali Bennett official portrait.jpg Naftali Bennett Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 13 June 202130 June 2022 Haifa, Israel Israeli Jewish, American Jewish [251] [252]
Isaac Herzog.jpg Isaac Herzog President of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 7 July 2021Incumbent Tel Aviv, Israel Israeli Jewish, Irish Jewish [154] [155]
Informal meeting of energy and transport ministers (TTE). Arrivals, transport ministers Elisabeth Borne (37190062412) (cropped).jpg Élisabeth Borne Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 16 May 20229 January 2024 Paris, France French Jewish, Belgian Jewish, Polish Jewish [253] [254] [255] [256] [257]
Yair Lapid 2021 (cropped).jpg Yair Lapid Prime Minister of Israel Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 1 July 202222 December 2022 Tel Aviv, Israel Israeli Jewish, Hungarian Jewish [258] [259]
Gabriel Attal, February 2023.jpg Gabriel Attal Prime Minister of France Flag of France.svg  France 9 January 2024Incumbent Clamart, France French Jewish, Tunisian Jewish [260] [261] [262]
Sheinbaum Abril 2024.jpg Claudia Sheinbaum President of Mexico Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 1 October 2024

(Did not assume office yet)

Mexico City, Mexico Lithuanian Jewish, Bulgarian Jewish [263] [264]

Heads of state and government with minor Jewish heritage

Some former head of states and government have smaller amounts of Jewish heritage. Boris Johnson, a former prime Minister of the United Kingdom whose maternal great-grandfather, Elias Avery Lowe, was a Moscow-born Jew born to a textile merchant, [265] said in a 2007 interview for the Jewish Chronicle, “I feel Jewish when I feel the Jewish people are threatened or under attack, that’s when it sort of comes out”. [265] David Cameron, another former prime Minister of the United Kingdom, has referenced the German Jewish ancestry of one of his great-grandfathers, Arthur Levita, a descendant of the Yiddish author Elia Levita. [266] [267]

Another recent head of state of Jewish heritage is Nicolas Sarkozy, a former president of France. Sarkozy has a Greek Jewish grandfather who converted to Catholicism to marry his French Catholic maternal grandmother. [268] [269] He referred publicly to his Jewish grandfather. [270] Jorge Sampaio is a former president of Portugal whose maternal grandmother was a Sephardi Jew from Morocco. [271] Sampaio said that he is proud of his Jewish ancestry. [271] Xavier Bettel who has served as the prime minister of Luxembourg since 2013 said he has a Polish Jewish grandfather. [272]

Helmut Schmidt, a former chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982 also has Jewish ancestry. [273] His father was born to a German Jewish banker, Ludwig Gumpel, and a Christian waitress, Friederike Wenzel, [274] and then covertly adopted, although this was kept a family secret for many years. [275] Schmidt served in Hitler’s Wehrmacht, while managing to hide his Jewish roots from the Nazi regime. [276]

Although most head of states with Jewish ancestry come from Europe and Latin America, some are from other regions of the World. Laisenia Qarase, a former prime minister of Fiji, has Jewish ancestry. [277] Qarase's mother is the daughter of John Herman Ma’afu Bowman, who had Jewish parents, Alexander Bowman and Sara Annette. [278] [279] Another example is Carlos Veiga, a former prime minister of Cape Verde. He said in a 2018 interview: “my grandfather on my mother’s side was Jewish, who came to Cape Verde from Gibraltar in the mid-1840s. He died before I was born and his grave was lost”. [280]

Some head of states claims to have Jewish ancestry, although not confirmed. Mexican President Francisco I. Madero's family was widely thought to have been of Portuguese-Jewish heritage. [281] Nicolás Maduro who has served as the president of Venezuela since 2013 said that his "grandparents were Jewish, from a [Sephardic] Moorish background, and converted to Catholicism in Venezuela". [282] Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa who has served as the president of Portugal since 2016 claimed that his mother had Jewish ancestry. [283]

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