Governor of Hong Kong

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Governor of Hong Kong
Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg
Flag of the Governor of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg
Official portrait of Lord Patten of Barnes crop 2.jpg
Last in office
Chris Patten
9 July 1992 – 30 June 1997
Style His Excellency
Residence Government House, Hong Kong
Appointer Monarch of the United Kingdom
Formation26 June 1843;180 years ago (1843-06-26)
First holder Sir Henry Pottinger
Final holder Chris Patten
Abolished30 June 1997;26 years ago (1997-06-30)
Salary HK$3,036,000 annually (1997)
Governor of Hong Kong
Traditional Chinese 香港總督
Simplified Chinese 香港总督
Cantonese Yale Hēunggóng Júngdūk
White tropical dress (colonial service, 1st class) of the Gubernatorial uniform worn by Governor Edward Youde on the day he was sworn in and numerous official ceremonies during his tenure, Hong Kong Museum of History. HK History of HK Museum Uniform of HK Governor Edward Youde.JPG
White tropical dress (colonial service, 1st class) of the Gubernatorial uniform worn by Governor Edward Youde on the day he was sworn in and numerous official ceremonies during his tenure, Hong Kong Museum of History.

Authorities and duties of the governor were defined in the Hong Kong Letters Patent and Royal Instructions in 1843. The governor, appointed by the British monarch (on the advice of the Foreign Secretary), exercised the executive branch of the government of Hong Kong throughout British sovereignty and, with the exception of a brief experiment after World War II, no serious attempt was made to introduce representative government, until the final years of British rule.

The governor of Hong Kong chaired the colonial cabinet, the Executive Council (ExCo), and, until 1993, was also the president of the Legislative Council. The governor appointed most, if not all, of the members of the colony's legislature (known colloquially as LegCo), which was largely an advisory body until the first indirect election to LegCo was held in 1985. Initially, both councils were dominated by British expatriates, but this progressively gave way to local Hong Kong Chinese appointees in later years. Historically, the governors of Hong Kong were either professional diplomats or senior colonial officials, except for the last governor, Chris Patten, who was a career politician. In December 1996, the governor's salary was HK$3,036,000 per annum, tax-free. It was fixed at 125% of the chief secretary's salary. [1]

In the absence of the governor, the chief secretary immediately became the acting governor of the colony. The chief secretaries were historically drawn from the Colonial Office or British military. One Royal Navy Vice Admiral served as administrator after World War II. Four Japanese military officers (three Army officers and one naval vice admiral) served as administrators during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong in World War II.

Transport

The governor of Hong Kong used a Daimler DS420 for day to day transport and a Rolls-Royce Phantom V landaulet for ceremonial occasions. Both vehicles were removed by the Royal Navy immediately following the handover to China on 1 July 1997.[ citation needed ]

Residences

The Government House was the official residence of the governor from 1855 to 1997. HK Government House 2005.jpg
The Government House was the official residence of the governor from 1855 to 1997.

List of governors

British administrators and governors (1841–1941)

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officeOriginBackgroundRef
Took officeLeft officeDuration
Charles Elliot.png Sir Charles Elliot
義律
(1801–1875)
Administrator
26 January 184112 August 1841198 days Dresden, Saxony Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China [2] [3]
Alexander Robert Campbell Johnston.jpg Alexander Robert Johnston
莊士敦
(1812–1888)
Acting Administrator
22 June 18411 February 1842224 days Colombo, Ceylon Deputy Superintendent of British Trade in China [3] [4] [5]
13 June 18422 December 1842172 days
HenryPottinger.jpg Sir Henry Pottinger
砵甸乍
(1789–1856)
Administrator
12 August 184126 June 18431 year, 318 days Ballymacarrett, Ireland Lieutenant-General, East India Company [2] [6]
1 HenryPottinger.jpg Sir Henry Pottinger
砵甸乍
(1789–1856)
26 June 18438 May 1844317 days Ballymacarrett, Ireland Lieutenant-General [7]
2 Tcitp d073 John Francis Davis Bart.jpg Sir John Francis Davis
戴維斯
(1795–1890)
8 May 184421 March 18483 years, 315 days London, England Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China [8]
3 Sir Samuel George Bonham.jpg Sir George Bonham
文咸
(1803–1863)
21 March 184813 April 18546 years, 23 days London, England East India Company [9]
4 Sir John Bowring by John King.jpg Sir John Bowring
寶靈
(1792–1872)
13 April 18542 May 18595 years, 19 days Exeter, England Member of Parliament (MP) [10]
Captain William Caine.jpg William Caine

(1799–1871)
Acting Governor
2 May 18599 September 1859130 days Maynooth, Ireland Colonial Secretary [11]
5 LordRosmead.jpg Sir Hercules Robinson
羅士敏
(1824–1897)
9 September 185915 March 18655 years, 187 days Westmeath, Ireland Colonial administrator [12] [13]
William Thomas MERCER.jpg William Thomas Mercer
孖沙
(1821–1879)
Acting Governor
15 March 186512 March 1866362 days London, England Colonial Secretary [13]
6 Sir R. G. MacDonnell (Cropped).png Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell
麥當奴
(1814–1881)
12 March 186611 April 18726 years, 30 days Dublin, Ireland Colonial administrator [14] [15] [16]
Henry Wase Whitfield
威非路
(1814–1877)
Lieutenant-Governor
11 April 187216 April 18725 days England Commander and lieutenant governor [16]
7 ArthurEdwardKennedy.jpg Sir Arthur Kennedy
堅尼地
(1809–1883)
16 April 18721 March 18774 years, 319 days County Down, Ireland Colonial administrator [17] [18]
John Gardiner Austin.jpg John Gardiner Austin
柯士甸
(1811–1900)
Administrator
1 March 187723 April 187753 daysLowlands Plantation, Demerara Colonial administrator [18]
8 Portrait of John Pope Hennessy (cropped).jpg Sir John Pope Hennessy
軒尼詩
(1834–1891)
23 April 18777 March 18824 years, 318 days County Cork, Ireland Colonial administrator [19] [20]
Malcolm Struan Tonnochy
杜老誌
(1841–1882)
Administrator
7 March 188228 March 188221 days Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, India Colonial administrator [20]
Sir William Henry Marsh
馬師
(1827–1906)
Administrator
28 March 188230 March 18831 year, 2 days England Colonial administrator [21]
9 George Bowen b.jpg Sir George Bowen
寶雲
(1821–1899)
30 March 188321 December 18852 years, 266 days County Donegal, Ireland Colonial administrator [22]
Sir William Henry Marsh
馬殊
(1827–1906)
Officer Administrating the Government
21 December 188525 April 18871 year, 125 days England Colonial administrator [23]
William Gordon Cameron.jpg William Gordon Cameron
金馬倫
(1827–1913)
Officer Administering the Government
25 April 18876 October 1887164 days France Commander and lieutenant governor, British Army [24]
10 Sir G. William Des Voeux (cropped).jpg Sir William Des Vœux
德輔
(1834–1909)
6 October 18877 May 18913 years, 213 days Baden-Baden, German Confederation Colonial administrator [25]
Sir George Digby BARKER (1833-1914) photo in 1906 Suffolk Leaders (cropped).jpg Sir George Digby Barker
白加
(1833–1914)
Officer Administering the Government
7 May 189110 December 1891217 days Clare, England Commander and lieutenant governor, British Army [26]
11 Sir William Robinson.jpg Sir William Robinson
羅便臣
(1836–1912)
10 December 18911 February 18986 years, 53 days Wetherden, England Colonial administrator [27] [28]
Sir Wilsone Black
布力
(1837–1909)
Officer Administering the Government
1 February 189825 November 1898297 days Glasgow , Scotland Commander and lieutenant governor [28]
12 Henry Arthur Blake.jpg Sir Henry Arthur Blake
卜力
(1840–1918)
25 November 189821 November 19034 years, 361 days Limerick, Ireland Colonial administrator [29] [30]
Francis Henry May.png Sir Francis Henry May
梅含理
(1860–1922)
Officer Administering the Government
21 November 190329 July 1904251 days Dublin, Ireland Colonial Secretary [30]
13 Sir Matthew Nathan.jpg Sir Matthew Nathan
彌敦
(1862–1939)
29 July 190420 April 19072 years, 265 days London, England Colonial administrator [31] [32]
Francis Henry May.png Sir Francis Henry May
梅含理
(1860–1922)
Officer Administering the Government
20 April 190729 July 1907100 days Dublin, Ireland Colonial Secretary [32]
14 Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard (1894, cropped).jpg Sir Frederick Lugard
盧吉
(1858–1945)
29 July 190716 March 19124 years, 231 days Madras, India Colonial administrator [33]
Sir Claud Severn.jpg Claud Severn
施勳
(1869–1933)
Officer Administering the Government
16 March 19124 July 1912110 days Adelaide, South Australia Colonial administrator [33]
15 Francis Henry May.png Sir Francis Henry May
梅含理
(1860–1922)
4 July 191212 September 19186 years, 70 days Dublin, Ireland Colonial Secretary [34] [35] [36]
Sir Claud Severn.jpg Claud Severn
施勳
(1869–1933)
Officer Administering the Government
12 September 191830 September 19191 year, 18 days Adelaide, South Australia Colonial administrator [36]
16 SirReginaldStubbs.jpg Sir Reginald Edward Stubbs
司徒拔
(1876–1947)
30 September 191931 October 19256 years, 31 days Oxford, England Colonial administrator [37] [38] [39]
17 SIRCECILCLEMENTIHKU.jpg Sir Cecil Clementi
金文泰
(1875–1947)
1 November 19251 February 19304 years, 92 days Cawnpore, India Colonial administrator [40] [41]
Sir Thomas Southorn.jpg Thomas Southorn
修頓
(1879–1957)
Officer Administering the Government
1 February 19309 May 193097 days Durham, England Colonial Secretary [41]
18 SirWilliamPeel HK.jpg Sir William Peel
貝璐
(1875–1945)
9 May 193017 May 19355 years, 8 days Hexham, England Colonial administrator [42] [43]
Sir Thomas Southorn.jpg Thomas Southorn
修頓
(1879–1957)
Officer Administering the Government
17 May 193513 September 1935119 days Leamington Spa, England Colonial Secretary [43] [44]
Norman Lockhart Smith.jpg Norman Lockhart Smith
史美
(1887–1968)
Officer Administering the Government
13 September 19351 November 193549 days Durham, England Colonial administrator [44] [45]
Sir Thomas Southorn.jpg Thomas Southorn
修頓
(1879–1957)
Officer Administering the Government
1 November 193512 December 193541 days Leamington Spa, England Colonial Secretary [45]
19 Sir Andrew Caldecott.jpg Sir Andrew Caldecott
郝德傑
(1884–1951)
12 December 193516 April 19371 year, 125 days Kent, England Colonial administrator [46] [47]
Norman Lockhart Smith.jpg Norman Lockhart Smith
史美
(1887–1968)
Officer Administering the Government
16 April 193728 October 1937195 days Durham, England Colonial Secretary [47]
20 Sir Geoffry Northcote.jpg Sir Geoffry Northcote
羅富國
(1881–1948)
28 October 19376 September 19413 years, 313 days London, England Colonial administrator [48]
Norman Lockhart Smith.jpg Norman Lockhart Smith
史美
(1887–1968)
Officer Administering the Government
6 September 194110 September 19414 days Durham, England Colonial Secretary [49]
21 Mark Young in 1930s.png Sir Mark Aitchison Young
楊慕琦
(1886–1974)
10 September 194125 December 1941106 days India Colonial administrator [50]

Japanese occupation (1941–1945)

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officeOriginBackgroundRef
Took officeLeft officeDuration
Sakai Takashi.jpg Takashi Sakai
酒井隆
(1887–1946)
Administrator
25 December 194120 February 194257 days Kamo, Hiroshima Lieutenant general
Niimi Masaichi.jpg Masaichi Niimi
新見政一
(1887–1993)
Administrator
Hiroshima, Hiroshima Vice admiral
1 Isogai Rensuke.jpg Rensuke Isogai
磯谷廉介
(1886–1967)
20 February 194224 December 19442 years, 308 days Tanba, Hyōgo Lieutenant general
2 Hisakazu.jpg Hisakazu Tanaka
田中久一
(1889–1947)
1 February 194516 August 1945196 days Himeji, Hyōgo Lieutenant general

British administrators and governors (1945–1997)

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officeOriginBackgroundRef
Took officeLeft officeDuration
Frank Gimson.jpg Sir Franklin Charles Gimson
詹遜
(1890–1975)
Provisional Governor
28 August 194530 August 19452 days Leicestershire, England Colonial Secretary
The Royal Navy during the Second World War A21407 (cropped).jpg Sir Cecil Harcourt
夏愨
(1892–1959)
Military administration
1 September 19451 May 1946242 days London, England Admiral (Royal Navy)
21 Mark Young in 1930s.png Sir Mark Aitchison Young
楊慕琦
(1886–1974)
1 May 194617 May 19471 year, 16 days India Colonial administrator
MacDougall 4.jpg David Mercer MacDougall
麥道高
(1904–1991)
Administrator
17 May 194725 July 194769 days Perth, Scotland Colonial Secretary
22 Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1843-1959).svg Sir Alexander Grantham
葛量洪
(1899–1978)
25 July 194731 December 195710 years, 159 days London, England Colonial administrator
Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1843-1959).svg Edgeworth Beresford David
戴維德
(1908–1965)
Administrator
31 December 195723 January 195823 days Dulwich, England Colonial Secretary
23 Sir Robert Brown Black in 1963.jpg Sir Robert Brown Black
柏立基
(1906–1999)
23 January 195831 March 19646 years, 68 days Edinburgh, Scotland Colonial administrator
Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg Edmund Brinsley Teesdale
戴斯德
(1915–1997)
Administrator
31 March 196414 April 196414 days Shanghai, China Colonial Secretary
24 David Crosbie Trench.jpg Sir David C. C. Trench
戴麟趾
(1915–1988)
14 April 196419 October 19717 years, 188 days Quetta, India Colonial administrator
Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg Sir Hugh Norman-Walker
羅樂民
(1916–1985)
Administrator
19 October 197119 November 197131 days London, England Colonial Secretary
25 Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg Sir Murray MacLehose
麥理浩
(1917–2000)
19 November 19718 May 198210 years, 170 days Glasgow, Scotland UK Ambassador to Denmark
Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg Sir Philip Haddon-Cave
夏鼎基
(1925–1999)
Acting governor
8 May 198220 May 198212 days Hobart, Australia Chief Secretary
26 Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg Sir Edward Youde
尤德
(1924–1986)
20 May 19824 December 19864 years, 198 days Penarth, Wales UK Ambassador to China
Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg Sir David Akers-Jones
鍾逸傑
(1927–2019)
Acting governor
4 December 19869 April 1987126 days Sussex, England Chief Secretary
27 Official portrait of Lord Wilson of Tillyorn crop 2.jpg Sir David Wilson
衛奕信
(born 1937)
9 April 19873 July 19925 years, 85 days Clackmannanshire, Scotland Diplomat
Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg Sir David Ford
霍德
(1935–2017)
Acting governor
3 July 19929 July 19926 days England Chief Secretary
28 Official portrait of Lord Patten of Barnes crop 2.jpg Chris Patten
彭定康
(born 1944)
9 July 199230 June 19974 years, 356 days Lancashire, England Chairman of Conservative Party

Timeline

Chris PattenDavid Clive WilsonEdward YoudeMurray MacLehoseDavid Clive TrenchRobert Brown BlackAlexander GranthamMark Aitchison YoungGeoffry NorthcoteAndrew CaldecottWilliam Peel (colonial administrator)Cecil ClementiReginald Edward StubbsFrancis Henry MayFrederick LugardMatthew NathanHenry Arthur BlakeWilliam Robinson (governor)William Des VœuxGeorge BowenJohn Pope HennessyArthur Kennedy (governor)Richard Graves MacDonnellHercules RobinsonJohn BowringGeorge BonhamJohn Francis DavisHenry PottingnerGovernor of Hong Kong

Firsts

Standards

See also

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References

  1. House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 17 Dec 1996 (pt 3) Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  2. 1 2 Civil and Miscellaneous Lists: Hong Kong Government. Hong Kong: Government Printer. 1973. p. 101.
  3. 1 2 Endacott, G. B. (2005) [1962]. A Biographical Sketch-book of Early Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 56–58. ISBN   962-209-742-1.
  4. The Chinese Repository . Volume 10. Canton. 1841. pp. 351–352.
  5. The Chinese Repository . Volume 11. Canton. 1842. pp. 674–676, 685.
  6. Norton-Kyshe, James William (1898). The History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong . Volume 1. London: T. Fisher Unwin. p. 10.
  7. "Proclamation" (PDF). The Friends of China Hong Kong Gazette Government Extraordinary. 30 June 1853.
  8. "Notice" (PDF). The Friends of China Hong Kong Gazette Government. 11 May 1844.
  9. "Government Notifications" (PDF). The Friends of China Hong Kong Gazette. 25 March 1854.
  10. "Government Notification" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 13 April 1854.
  11. "Government Notification No. 46" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 2 May 1859.
  12. "Government Notification No. 77 of 1859" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 9 September 1859.
  13. 1 2 "Government Notification No. 38 of 1865" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 15 March 1865.
  14. "Swearing in the Governor". Hong Kong Daily Press. 13 March 1866. p. 2. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  15. "Government Notification No. 40 of 1866" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 12 March 1866.
  16. 1 2 "Government Notification No. 73 of 1877" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 11 April 1872.
  17. "Government Notification No. 80 of 1877" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 16 April 1872.
  18. 1 2 "Government Notification No. 47 of 1877" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 2 March 1877.
  19. "Government Notification No. 103 of 1877" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 23 April 1877.
  20. 1 2 "Government Notification No. 95 of 1882" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 7 March 1882.
  21. "Government Notification No. 147 of 1882" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 28 March 1882.
  22. "Government Notification No. 118 of 1883" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 31 March 1883.
  23. "Government Notification No. 198 of 1885" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 21 December 1885.
  24. "Government Notification No. 165 of 1887" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 25 April 1887.
  25. "Government Notification No. 403 of 1887" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 6 October 1887.
  26. "Government Notification No. 215 of 1891" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 7 May 1891.
  27. "Government Notification No. 515 of 1891" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 10 December 1891.
  28. 1 2 "Government Notification No. 44 of 1898" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 25 February 1898.
  29. "Government Notification No. 528 of 1898" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 25 November 1898.
  30. 1 2 "No.788 of 1903" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 21 November 1903.
  31. "No.518 of 1904" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 29 July 1904.
  32. 1 2 "No.288 of 1907" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 20 April 1907.
  33. 1 2 "No.81 of 1912" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 16 March 1912.
  34. "No.218 of 1912" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 4 July 1912.
  35. "No.219 of 1912" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 4 July 1912.
  36. 1 2 "No.346 of 1918" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 12 September 1918.
  37. "No. 454 of 1919" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 30 September 1919.
  38. "Hong Kong Hansard" (PDF). 23 November 1925.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  39. "No. 627 of 1925" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 23 November 1925.
  40. "No. 624 of 1925" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 1 November 1925.
  41. 1 2 "No. 70 of 19305" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 1 February 1930.
  42. "No. 275 of 1930" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette. 9 May 1930.
  43. 1 2 "No. 381 of 1935" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 17 May 1935.
  44. 1 2 "No. 681 of 1935" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 13 September 1935.
  45. 1 2 "No. 836 of 1935" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 1 November 1935.
  46. "No. 966 of 1935" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 12 December 1935.
  47. 1 2 "No. 260 of 1937" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 16 April 1937.
  48. "No. 755 of 1937" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 28 October 1937.
  49. "No. 1079 of 1941" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 6 September 1941.
  50. "No. 1085 of 1941" (PDF). The Hong Kong Government Gazette Extraordinary. 10 September 1941.