Flag of Hong Kong

Last updated

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
Flag of Hong Kong.svg
Use Civil and state flag, civil and state ensign FIAV 110110.svg FIAV normal.svg IFIS Mirror.svg
Proportion2:3
AdoptedApproved on 4 April 1990 by the National People's Congress; first flown on 1 July 1997;26 years ago (1997-07-01)
DesignA stylised, white, five-petal Bauhinia blakeana flower in the centre of a red field
Designed by Tao Ho

The regional flag carries a design of five bauhinia petals, each with a star in the middle, on a red background. The red flag represents the motherland and the bauhinia represents Hong Kong. The design implies that Hong Kong is an inalienable part of China and prospers in the embrace of the motherland. The five stars on the flower symbolise the fact that all Hong Kong compatriots love their motherland, while the red and white colours embody the principle of "one country, two systems". [10]

Construction

National Standard of the regional flag GB16689-2004.pdf
National Standard of the regional flag

The Hong Kong government has specified sizes, colours, and manufacturing parameters in which the flag is to be made. The ratio of its length to breadth is 3:2. In its centre is a five-petal stylised rendering of a white Bauhinia blakeana flower. If a circle circumscribes the flower, it should have a diameter 0.6 times the entire height of the flag. The petals are uniformly spread around the centre point of the flag, radiating outward and pointing in a clockwise direction. Each of the flower's petals bears a five-pointed red star with a red trace, suggestive of a flower stamen. The heading that is used to allow a flag to be slid or raised onto a pole is white. [9]

A slightly different geometrical description of the flag is specified in the mandatory National Standard "GB 16689-2004: Regional flag of Hong Kong special administrative region". [note 1]

Construction sheet for the Hong Kong flag according to the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance (The angle is 14deg in GB 16689-2004) HKSARFlagConstructionSheet.svg
Construction sheet for the Hong Kong flag according to the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance (The angle is 14° in GB 16689-2004)

Size specifications

This table lists all the official sizes for the flag. Sizes deviating from this list are considered non-standard. If a flag is not of official size, it must be a scaled-down or scaled-up version of one of the official sizes. [9]

Regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
Traditional Chinese 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區區旗
Simplified Chinese 中华人民共和国香港特别行政区区旗
SizeLength and width in centimetres
1288 × 192
2240 × 160
3192 × 128
4144 × 96
596 × 64
Car flag30 × 20
Flag for signing ceremonies21 × 14
Desktop flag15 × 10

Colour specifications

The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance stipulates that "The regional flag is in red, the chrominance value of which is identical with that of the national flag of the People's Republic of China."[ citation needed ]

Manufacture regulations

The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance stipulates that the Hong Kong flag must be manufactured according to specifications laid out in the ordinance. If flags are not produced in design according to the ordinance, the Secretary for Justice may petition the District Court for an injunction to prohibit the person or company from manufacturing the flags. If the District Court agrees that the flags are not in compliance, it may issue an injunction and order that the flags and the materials that were used to make the flags to be seized by the government. [11]

Protocol

The Hong Kong flag is flown daily from the chief executive's official residence, Government House, the Hong Kong International Airport, and at all border crossings and points of entry into Hong Kong. [12] At major government offices and buildings, such as the Office of the Chief Executive, the Executive Council, the Court of Final Appeal, the High Court, the Legislative Council, and the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices overseas, the flag is displayed during days when these offices are working. Other government offices and buildings, such as hospitals, schools, departmental headquarters, sports grounds, and cultural venues should fly the flag on occasions such as the National Day of the PRC (1 October), the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (1 July), and New Year's Day. [12] The flag should be raised at 8:00 a.m. and lowered at 6:00 p.m. The raising and lowering of the flag should be done slowly; it must reach the peak of the flag staff when it is raised, and it may not touch the ground when it is lowered. The flag may not be raised in severe weather conditions. [13] A Hong Kong flag that is either damaged, defaced, faded or substandard must not be displayed or used. [14]

Display

Whenever the Chinese national flag is flown together with the Hong Kong regional flag, the national flag must be flown at the centre, above the regional flag, or otherwise in a more prominent position than that of the regional flag. The regional flag must be smaller in size than the national flag, and it must be displayed to the left of the national flag. When the flags are displayed inside a building, the left and right sides of a person looking at the flags, and with his or her back toward the wall, are used as reference points for the left and right sides of a flag. When the flags are displayed outside a building, the left and right sides of a person standing in front of the building and looking towards the front entrance are used as reference points for the left and right sides of a flag. The national flag should be raised before the regional flag is raised, and it should be lowered after the regional flag is lowered. [13]

An exception to this rule occurs during medal presentation ceremonies at multi-sport events such as the Olympics and Asian Games. As Hong Kong competes separately from mainland China, should an athlete from Hong Kong win the gold medal, and an athlete from mainland China win the silver and/or bronze medal(s) in the same event, the regional flag of Hong Kong would be raised in the centre above the national flag(s) during the medal presentation ceremony, and the Hong Kong flag would be the same size as the mainland China flag.[ citation needed ]

Another discrepancy was observed during the opening ceremonies of the 2009 East Asian Games. Normally, the organization's flag and the host's flag are raised to equal prominence and the organization's flag cannot be smaller than any other flag. [15] However, when Hong Kong hosted the 2009 East Asian games, three flags (the Hong Kong flag, the PRC flag, and the East Asian Games Association flag) were raised, with the Hong Kong flag on the left, the EAGA flag the same size on the right, and the PRC flag larger and higher than both flags in the centre, thus making the EAGA flag smaller than another opening ceremony flag. [16] [ better source needed ]

In November 2018, the aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan visited Hong Kong while displaying a United States flag and a Hong Kong flag of equal size with the Chinese flag absent. In previous visits by other US aircraft carriers in 2011 and 2014, the carrier's display had included the Chinese flag. Stand News reported that both pro-democracy and pro-Beijing netizens on social media interpreted the display as support for Hong Kong independence or Hong Kong sovereignty. [17]

Half-mast

An illustration of the Hong Kong flag at half-mast Flag of Hong Kong on flagpole at half mast.svg
An illustration of the Hong Kong flag at half-mast
The Hong Kong and Chinese flags at half-mast to mourn victims killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake Flags at half-staff in GBS.jpg
The Hong Kong and Chinese flags at half-mast to mourn victims killed in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake

The Hong Kong flag must be lowered to half-mast as a token of mourning when any of the following people die: [14]

The flag may also be flown at half-mast when the Central People's Government advises the Chief Executive to do so, or when the Chief Executive considers it appropriate to do so, on occurrences of unfortunate events causing especially serious casualties, or when serious natural calamities have caused heavy casualties. [14] When raising a flag to be flown at half-mast, it should first be raised to the top of the pole and then lowered to a point where the distance between the top of the flag and the top of the pole is one third of the length of the pole. When lowering the flag from half-mast, it should first be raised to the peak of the pole before it is lowered. [13]

Prohibition of use and desecration

The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance states what manner of use of the Hong Kong flag is prohibited and that desecration of the flag is prohibited. It also states that it is a punishable offence for a person to use the flag in a prohibited manner or to desecrate the flag. According to the ordinance, a flag may not be used in advertisements or trademarks, [18] and that "publicly and wilfully burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling" the flag is considered flag desecration. [19] Similarly, the National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance extends the same prohibition toward the Chinese flag. [20] [21] The ordinances also allow for the Chief Executive to make stipulations regarding the use of the flag. In stipulations made in 1997, the Chief Executive further specified that the use of the flag in "any trade, calling or profession, or the logo, seal or badge of any non-governmental organisation" is also prohibited unless prior permission was obtained. [12]

The first conviction of flag desecration occurred in 1999. Protesters Ng Kung-siu and Lee Kin-yun wrote the word "shame" on both the Chinese flag and the Hong Kong flag, and were convicted of violating the National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance and the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance. The Court of Appeal overturned the verdict, ruling that the ordinances were unnecessary restrictions on the freedom of expression and in violation of both the Basic Law and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Upon further appeal, however, the Court of Final Appeal maintained the original guilty verdict, holding that this restriction on the freedom of expression was justifiable in that the protection of the flags played a role in national unity and territorial integrity and constituted a restriction on the mode of expressing one's message but did not interfere with one's freedom to express the same message in other ways. [22]

Leung Kwok-hung, a former member of the Legislative Council and a political activist in Hong Kong, was penalised in February 2001, before he became a member of the Legislative Council, for defiling the flag. He was convicted of three counts of desecrating the flag—for two incidents on 1 July 2000 during the third anniversary of Hong Kong's handover to China and for one incident on 9 July of the same year during a protest against elections to choose the Election Committee, the electoral college which chooses the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. Leung was placed on a good-behaviour bond for 12 months in the sum of HK$3,000. [23]

Zhu Rongchang, a 74-year-old mainland Chinese farmer, was jailed for three weeks in 2011 for "publicly and wilfully" burning the Chinese flag at Golden Bauhinia Square in central Hong Kong. He was reportedly the third person charged for desecrating the Chinese flag, but he was first to be jailed under the law. [24]

In early 2013, protestors went to the streets flying the old colonial flag demanding more democracy and resignation of Chief Executive Leung Chun Ying. The use of the flag created concerns from Chinese authorities and a request from Leung to stop flying the flag. [25] [26] Despite the calls from Leung, the old flags were not subjected to use restrictions beyond not being allowed to be placed on flagpoles and were freely sold and manufactured in the territory. As of the passage of the Hong Kong national security law in 2020, flying the colonial flag is now punishable as it is interpreted as promoting separatism and foreign influence. [27] After the death of Elizabeth II, a tribute outside the British consulate in Hong Kong used the colonial flag without formal punishment. [28] [29]

Previous flags of Hong Kong

Pre-colonial period

Qing dynasty (1862–1895)

Prior to the secession of Hong Kong to the United Kingdom following the First Opium War via the Treaty of Nanking, Hong Kong fell under the jurisdiction of the Chinese government and flew the flag and ensign of the Chinese government of the time. Prior to the establishment of the crown colony of Hong Kong, the ruling dynasty in China was the Qing dynasty. Despite being established in 1644, the Qing Empire had no official flags until 1862. Prior to 1898, when the Second Convention of Peking was signed between the Qing Court and the government of the United Kingdom, the New Territories was still Qing land. The flag itself features the "Azure Dragon" on a plain yellow field with the red flaming pearl of the three-legged crow in the upper left corner. [30]

Colonial flags

Prior to Hong Kong's handover, the flag of Hong Kong was a colonial Blue Ensign flag. [31] The flag of colonial Hong Kong underwent several changes from then until 1997.

Use of Union Flag (1843–1871)

In 1843, a seal representing Hong Kong was instituted. The design was based on a local waterfront scene; three local merchants with their commercial goods are shown on the foreground, a square-rigged ship and a junk occupy the middle ground, while the background consists of conical hills and clouds. In 1868, a Hong Kong flag was produced, a Blue Ensign flag with a badge based on this "local scene", but the design was rejected by Hong Kong Governor Richard Graves MacDonnell. [31]

First colonial flag (1871–1876)

On 3 July 1869, a new design for the Hong Kong flag was commissioned at a cost of £3, which featured a "gentleman in an evening coat who is purchasing tea on the beach at Kowloon". After a brief discussion in the executive council, it was determined that the new design was very problematic and it was not adopted. [32]

In 1870, a "white crown over HK" badge for the Blue Ensign flag was proposed by the Colonial Secretary. The letters "HK" were omitted and the crown became full-colour three years later. [31] It is unclear exactly what the badge looked like during that period of time, but it was unlikely to be the "local scene". It should have been a crown of some sort, which may, or may not, have had the letters "HK" below it. In 1876, the "local scene" badge (Chinese : 阿群帶路圖 Picture of "Ar Kwan" Guiding the British soldier) was re-adopted to the Blue Ensign flag with the Admiralty's approval. [31]

Second colonial flag (1876–1955)

During a government meeting, held in 1911, it was suggested that the name of the colony appear on the flag in both Latin and Chinese scripts. However, this was dismissed as it would "look absurd" to both Chinese and Europeans. [33] The flag which was eventually adopted featured the Blue Ensign together with a "local scene" of traders in the foreground and both European-style and Chinese-style trading ships in the background.[ citation needed ]

Japanese occupation period (1941–1945)

During the Second World War, Hong Kong was seized and occupied by the Empire of Japan from 1941 to 1945. During the occupation, the Japanese military government used the flag of Japan in its official works in Hong Kong. [34]

Third colonial flag (1955–1959)

The flag was similar in design to that previously used. It featured a British Blue Ensign with a local waterfront scene.[ citation needed ]

Fourth colonial flag (1959–1997)

A coat of arms for Hong Kong was granted on 21 January 1959 by the College of Arms in London. The Hong Kong flag was revised in the same year to feature the coat of arms in the Blue Ensign flag. This design was used officially from 1959 until Hong Kong's handover in 1997. [31] Since then, the colonial flag has been appropriated by protestors, such as on the annual 1 July marches for universal suffrage, as a "symbol of antagonism towards the mainland", [35] along with a blue flag featuring the coat of arms, used by those advocating independence. The flag features a British Blue Ensign with the coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959–1997).

Flags used by government departments

Flags of the governor of Hong Kong

Council flags

Hong Kong Regional Council

The flag of the Regional Council represented the governmental body which oversaw matters related to the outlying areas of the territory during the colonial period. The flag itself featured a stylised dark green R at a 45-degree angle on white background.[ citation needed ]

Hong Kong Urban Council

The flag of the Urban Council represented the governmental body which was responsible for matters pertaining to the urban areas of the territory during the colonial period. The flag itself features a simplified white Bauhinia blakeana on a magenta background.[ citation needed ]

Proposals before the handover

Before Hong Kong's handover, between 20 May 1987 and 31 March 1988, a contest was held amongst Hong Kong residents to help choose a flag for post-colonial Hong Kong, with 7,147 design submissions, in which 4,489 submissions were about flag designs. [36] Architect Tao Ho was chosen as one of the panel judges to pick Hong Kong's new flag. He recalled that some of the designs had been rather funny and with political twists: "One had a hammer and sickle on one side and a dollar sign on the other." [37] Some designs were rejected because they contained copyrighted materials, for example, the emblem of Urban Council, Hong Kong Arts Festival and Hong Kong Tourism Board. [36] Six designs were chosen as finalists by the judges, but were all later rejected by the PRC. Ho and two others were then asked by the PRC to submit new proposals. [8]

Looking for inspiration, Ho wandered into a garden and picked up a Bauhinia blakeana flower. He observed the symmetry of the five petals, and how their winding pattern conveyed to him a dynamic feeling. This led him to incorporate the flower into the flag to represent Hong Kong. [8] The design was adopted on 4 April 1990 at the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress, [2] and the flag was first officially hoisted seconds after midnight on 1 July 1997 in the handover ceremony marking the handover. It was hoisted together with the national Chinese flag, while the Chinese national anthem, "March of the Volunteers", was played. The Union Flag and the colonial Hong Kong flag were lowered seconds before midnight. [7]

A selection of proposals during the 1987–1988 contest is shown below:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The offset angle of the top petal is 14° as opposed to 13°48'.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hong Kong</span> Special administrative region of the Peoples Republic of China

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With 7.4 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated territories in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hong Kong Basic Law</span> Organic law of the Hong Kong SAR

The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is a national law of China that serves as the organic law for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). Comprising nine chapters, 160 articles and three annexes, the Basic Law was composed to implement Annex I of the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of South Korea</span>

The national flag of the Republic of Korea, also known as the Taegeukgi, has three parts: a white rectangular background, a red and blue taegeuk in its center, accompanied by four black trigrams, one in each corner. Flags similar to the current Taegeukgi were used as the national flag of Korea by the Joseon dynasty, the Korean Empire, as well as the Korean government-in-exile during Japanese rule. South Korea adopted the Taegeukgi for its national flag when it gained independence from Japan on 15 August 1945.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of Macau</span> Regional flag

The Regional Flag of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is light green with a lotus flower above the stylised Governador Nobre de Carvalho Bridge and water in white, beneath a circular arc of five golden five-pointed stars: one large star in the center of the arc with two smaller stars on each side of the large star, each with a point angled directly outward from the center of the common circle on which they lie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag desecration</span> Method of protest or insult

Flag desecration is the desecration of a flag, violation of flag protocol, or various acts that intentionally destroy, damage, or mutilate a flag in public. In the case of a national flag, such action is often intended to make a political point against a country or its policies. Some countries have laws forbidding methods of destruction or forbidding particular uses ; such laws may distinguish between the desecration of the country's own national flag and the desecration of flags of other countries. Some countries have also banned the desecration of all types of flags from inside the country to other country flags.

<i>Bauhinia <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> blakeana</i> Species of legume

Bauhinia × blakeana, commonly called the Hong Kong orchid tree, is a hybrid leguminous tree of the genus Bauhinia. It has large thick leaves and striking purplish red flowers. The fragrant, orchid-like flowers are usually 10 to 15 centimetres across, and bloom from early November to the end of March. Although now cultivated in many areas, it originated in Hong Kong in 1880 and apparently all of the cultivated trees derive from one cultivated at the Hong Kong Botanical Gardens and widely planted in Hong Kong starting in 1914. It is referred to as bauhinia in non-scientific literature though this is the name of the genus. It is sometimes called the Hong Kong orchid. In Hong Kong, it is most commonly referred to by its Chinese name of 洋紫荊 (yèuhng jígīng).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tao Ho</span> Hong Kong architect (1936–2019)

Tao Ho was a Hong Kong architect best known for designing the Bauhinia emblem on the flag of Hong Kong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emblem of Hong Kong</span> Regional emblem of Hong Kong

The Regional Emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China came into use on 1 July 1997, after the handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden Bauhinia Square</span> Commemorative square in Wan Chai, Hong Kong

The Golden Bauhinia Square is an open area in Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The square was named after the giant statue of a golden Bauhinia blakeana at the centre of the area, situated outside the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, where the ceremonies for the handover of Hong Kong and the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region were held in July 1997. A flag-raising ceremony is held every day at 8:00 am. It is considered a tourist attraction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Handover of Hong Kong</span> 1997 handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China

The handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 1 July 1997. This event ended 156 years of British rule in the former colony, which began in 1841. Hong Kong was established as a special administrative region of China (SAR) for 50 years, maintaining its own economic and governing systems from those of mainland China during this time, although influence from the central government in Beijing increased after the passing of the Hong Kong national security law in 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urban Council</span> Municipal council in Hong Kong

The Urban Council (UrbCo) was a municipal council in Hong Kong responsible for municipal services on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon. These services were provided by the council's executive arm, the Urban Services Department. Later, the equivalent body for the New Territories was the Regional Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chan Kin-por</span>

Chan Kin-por, GBS, JP is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. He became chairman of the Legco Finance Committee in 2015. He has been appointed as Executive Council Member in 2022.

This is a list of bills that were introduced and passed into law and became ordinances of the territory by the Provisional Legislative Council that sat for a year from July 1997 to 1998.Laws passed before 1 July 1997 were passed by the provisional legislature that sat while the outgoing legislature was still sitting. They were not in effect until the provisional legislature started its officially sittings and took over as the legislature of the territory on 1 July 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of China</span> Flag of the Peoples Republic of China

The national flag of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Five-star Red Flag, is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. The flag was designed by Zeng Liansong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau</span> Policy bureau of the Hong Kong Government

The Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau is a ministerial-level policy bureaux of the Government of Hong Kong responsible for the implementation of the Basic Law, including electoral matters and promotion of equal opportunities and privacy protection. The bureau also functions as the intermediary between the HKSAR Government and the Central People's Government and other Mainland authorities under the principles of "One Country, Two Systems", including the coordination of liaison between the HKSAR Government and Central authorities, promoting regional co-operation initiatives between Hong Kong and the Mainland, and overseeing the operation of offices of the HKSAR Government on the Mainland.

Throughout the history of Hong Kong as a colony, dependent territory or occupied territory, it has had its own flag in almost all periods, but it has never had its own official national anthem nor regional anthem. Instead, the anthem of the ruling sovereign state has always been adopted for use in an official capacity and played on occasions such as major sporting events or ceremonies. However, a number of popular anthems have been adopted by segments of the population as representative anthems, and are listed under the "unofficial national anthems" section below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chiayi City Government</span> Government of Chiayi City, Taiwan

Chiayi City Government is the municipal government of Chiayi City, Taiwan Province, Republic of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of Hong Kong (1871–1997)</span> Flag of Hong Kong under British Rule

The flag of Hong Kong from 1871 to 1997 was a Blue Ensign with the coat of arms of Hong Kong on a white disk. In Hong Kong, it is also nicknamed the Hong Kong flag (香港旗), British Hong Kong flag (英屬香港旗) or the Dragon and Lion flag (龍獅旗). In 1959, following a grant from the College of Arms and with the consent of Queen Elizabeth II, it was adopted as the flag of British Hong Kong. While the flag lost its official status following the 1 July 1997 transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, it resurfaced in the 2010s as a symbol of support for Hong Kong autonomy and protest against Chinese interference in Hong Kong.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of Weihaiwei</span>

The flag of Weihaiwei was the flag used by the British leased territory of Weihaiwei during British rule between 1903 and 1930. The flag consisted of a British blue ensign with an emblem containing a pair of Mandarin ducks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Bauhinia flag</span> Flag used in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

The Black Bauhinia flag is a variant of the flag of Hong Kong with a black background and a modified bauhinia flower. The flag gained popularity during the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests and is often displayed by pro-democracy protesters.

References

  1. ↑ "State Council Gazette Issue No.7 Serial No. 616 (May 26, 1990)" (PDF). www.gov.cn. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Decision of the National People's Congress on the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region of the People's Republic of China". Government of Hong Kong. 4 April 1990. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
  3. ↑ "Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance". Hong Kong e-Legislation. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  4. ↑ Laws and Regulations of the People's Republic of China. China Legal Publishing House. 2001. p. iv. ISBN   7-80083-759-9.
  5. ↑ "Basic Law Full Text". Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  6. ↑ "Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance" (PDF). Bilingual Laws Information System. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  7. 1 2 Jeffrey Aaronson. "Schedule of Events". Time . Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
  8. 1 2 3 4 忆香港区旗区徽的诞生（上） [Reflecting on the Creation of the Hong Kong SAR Flag and Emblem – Part 1] (in Chinese). Wenhui-xinmin United Press Group. 24 May 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2009.[ dead link ] and 忆香港区旗区徽的诞生（下） [Reflecting on the Creation of the Hong Kong SAR Flag and Emblem – Part 2] (in Chinese). Wenhui-xinmin United Press Group. 25 May 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2009.[ dead link ]
  9. 1 2 3 (Schedule 1 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) "Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance". Hong Kong e-Legislation. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  10. ↑ Elihu Lauterpacht; C. J. Greenwood; A. G. Oppenheimer (2002). International Law Reports. Vol. 122. Cambridge University Press. p. 582. ISBN   978-0-521-80775-3.
  11. ↑ (Schedule 5 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) "Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance" (PDF). Bilingual Laws Information System. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  12. 1 2 3 "Stipulations for the Display and Use of The National Flag and National Emblem and The Regional Flag and Regional Emblem" (PDF). Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the Hong Kong SAR. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
  13. 1 2 3 "Display of the Flags and Emblems". Protocol Division Government Secretariat of the Hong Kong SAR. 6 September 2005. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2009.
  14. 1 2 3 (Schedule 4 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) "Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance" (PDF). Bilingual Laws Information System. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  15. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20211122072404/https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/General/EN-Olympic-Charter.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  16. ↑ "East Asian Games 2009". YouTube .
  17. ↑ "列根號訪港 棄五星旗改掛港區旗 網民指暗示港獨立 陳雲稱承認港實然主權 | 立場報道 | 立場新聞". Archived from the original on 26 November 2018.
  18. ↑ (Section 6 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) "Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance" (PDF). Bilingual Laws Information System. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  19. ↑ (Section 7 of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance) "Regional Flag and Regional Emblem Ordinance" (PDF). Bilingual Laws Information System. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  20. ↑ "CAP 2401, Section 6 – Prohibition on certain uses of national flag and national emblem". Bilingual Laws Information System. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  21. ↑ "CAP 2401, Section 7 – Protection of the national flag and national emblem". Bilingual Laws Information System. 1 July 1997. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  22. ↑ "FINAL APPEAL NO. 4 OF 1999 (CRIMINAL)". Court of Final Appeal. 15 December 1999. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  23. ↑ "Annual Report 2001". Hong Kong Journalists Association. 9 August 2001. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  24. ↑ "Hong Kong Jails Chinese Farmer For Flag-Burning". Arab Times. 20 September 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  25. ↑ Alex Lo (5 November 2012). "Flag-wavers have right to be ridiculous". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  26. ↑ Joshua But; Tony Cheung (2 November 2012). "Hong Kong chief executive urges people not to wave colonial flag". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  27. ↑ "Hong Kong police take man aside after he displayed British colonial flag at football match". 13 October 2023.
  28. ↑ Magramo, Kathleen (15 September 2022). "In Hong Kong, mourning the Queen has another purpose: defying China". CNN. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  29. ↑ "Pro-China media slam "minority" of Hong Kong mourners in wake of Queen's death". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  30. ↑ Mierzejewski, Dominik; Kowalski, Bartosz (2019). China's Selective Identities: State, Ideology and Culture. Global Political Transitions. Singapore: Springer Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0164-3. ISBN   978-981-13-0163-6. S2CID   158954624.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 "Colonial Hong Kong". Flags of the World. 18 August 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  32. ↑ "Minutes of Meeting: LegCo 15th April 1912" (PDF). Hong Kong LegCo Archives. The Hong Kong Legislative Council. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  33. ↑ "Minutes of Meeting: 28th December 1911" (PDF). Hong Kong Legislative Council Archives. Hongkong Legislative Council. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  34. ↑ Carroll, John M. (2007). A Concise History of Hong Kong. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 124. ISBN   978-0-7425-7469-4.
  35. ↑ A.T. (4 July 2012). "Free speech in Hong Kong: Show of strength". Analects. Hong Kong. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  36. 1 2 香港区旗区徽诞生记. China Art News. 1 January 2007. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  37. ↑ Andrea Hamilton. "Bringing You The Handover: Meet some of the most important men and women working behind the scenes". Asiaweek. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 20 March 2009.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.