The State Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also simply known as the Soviet flag or the Red Banner, was a red flag with two communist symbols displayed in the canton: a gold hammer and sickle topped off by a red five-point star bordered in gold. The flag's design and symbolism are derived from several sources, but emerged during the Russian Revolution. It has also come to serve as the standard symbol representing communism as a whole, recognized as such in international circles, even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The penultimate USSR-era flag was adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in 1954 and used until 1991. The flag of the Russian SFSR was a defacement of the flag of the USSR. The constitution stipulated:
The state flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR) presents itself as a red, rectangular sheet with a light-blue stripe at the pole extending all the width [read height] which constitutes one eighth length of the flag.
The State Flag of the Kyrgyz Republic consists of a red field charged with a yellow sun that contains a depiction of a tunduk, the opening in the center of the roof of a yurt. Adopted in 1992, just over seven months after the country's independence was declared, to replace the flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, it has been the flag of Kyrgyzstan since that year. The red on the flag is said to be inspired by the pennant lifted by Manas, the country's folk hero.
The national flag of Belarus is an unequal red-green bicolour with a red-on-white ornament pattern placed at the hoist (staff) end. The current design was introduced in 2012 by the State Committee for Standardisation of the Republic of Belarus, and is adapted from a design approved in a May 1995 referendum. It is a modification of the 1951 flag used while the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. Changes made to the Soviet-era flag were the removal of communist symbols – the hammer and sickle and the red star – as well as the reversal of the colours in the ornament pattern. Since the 1995 referendum, several flags used by Belarusian government officials and agencies have been modelled on this national flag.
The State Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan uses the same melody as the anthem of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, composed by Mutal Burhonov in 1947, when the country was a republic of the Soviet Union. After Uzbekistan gained independence from the Soviet Union, new lyrics by Uzbek poet Abdulla Oripov were adopted.
The State Anthem of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was the national anthem of Uzbekistan when it was a republic of the former Soviet Union.
In heraldry and vexillology, fimbriation is the placement of small stripes of contrasting colour around common charges or ordinaries, usually in order for them to stand out from the background, but often simply due to the designer's subjective aesthetic preferences, or for a more technical reason to avoid what would otherwise be a violation of the rule of tincture. While fimbriation almost invariably applies to both or all sides of a charge, there are very unusual examples of fimbriation on one side only. Another rather rare form is double fimbriation, where the charge or ordinary is accompanied by two stripes of colour instead of only one. In cases of double fimbriation the outer colour is blazoned first. The municipal flag of Mozirje, in Slovenia, show an example of fimbriation that itself is fimbriated.
The Oliy Majlis is the parliament of Uzbekistan. It succeeded the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 1995, and was unicameral until a reform implemented in January 2005 created a second chamber.
The Legislative Chamber is the lower chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It has 150 members, elected for a five-year term.
The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of President was established in 1991, replacing the position of Chairperson of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR, which had existed since 1925. The president is directly elected for a term of seven years, by citizens of Uzbekistan who have reached 18 years of age.
The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan exercises executive power in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The members of the government are the President of Uzbekistan, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, Ministers, and Deputy Ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of Uzbekistan. The Cabinet of Ministers of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the executive power body of the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensuring guidance over effective functioning of the economy, social and cultural development, execution of the laws, and other decisions of the Oliy Majlis, as well as decrees and resolutions issued by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The Constitution of Uzbekistan was adopted on 8 December 1992 on the 11th session of the Supreme Council of Uzbekistan. It replaced the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan of 1978. It is the supreme law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The Constitution of Uzbekistan contains six parts and it is further divided into 26 chapters.
Mirtemir Tursunov most commonly known simply as Mirtemir, was an Uzbek poet and literary translator. In addition to writing his own poetry, Mirtemir translated the works of many famous foreign poets, such as Abai Qunanbaiuli, Aleksandr Pushkin, Heinrich Heine, Magtymguly Pyragy, Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Lermontov, Nâzım Hikmet, Nikolay Nekrasov, Pablo Neruda, Samad Vurgun, and Shota Rustaveli into the Uzbek language.
The Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR was the supreme soviet of the Uzbek SSR from 1938 to 1991. The Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR was preceded by the All-Uzbek Congress of Soviets which operated from 1925 to 1938. After the independence of Uzbekistan in 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR was briefly succeeded by the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 1991 to 1994.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the supreme constitutional court of Uzbekistan. Its tasks include reviewing whether proposed laws conflict with the Constitution of Uzbekistan, and whether laws of the Republic of Karakalpakstan conflict with the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Under Article 95 of the Constitution, it is also tasked with authority to approve the President of Uzbekistan's decision to dissolve the Oliy Majlis. The court's decisions are final and unappealable.
Nasrullo Sayidov (Nasrullo Sayyid) is an Uzbek politician and dissident. Former member of Uzbek Parliament (1990-1993). An author, a publicist and one of the leaders of opposition party "Erk", head of the Bukhara Region branch. He is one of the pioneer activists who initiated the acceptance of the Declaration of Independence of Uzbekistan.
The state flag of Karakalpakstan is one of the official symbols of Karakalpakstan, an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan. It was designed from a sketch by Karakalpak artist Zhollybai Izentaev. The flag is based on the flag of Uzbekistan.
Agʻitay Adilov was an honored agricultural worker of Uzbekistan (1992), a senator (2005), and a Hero of Uzbekistan (2005).
Ibroyim Yusupov was a Soviet, Karakalpak and Uzbek poet, translator and playwright, and a teacher. He was the People’s Poet of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakstan. He was also the Hero of Uzbekistan (2004).
Tolepbegen Qayipbergenov was a Karakalpak, Russian or Soviet writer. He was a recipient of the orders of People's Poet of Uzbekistan and People's Poet of the Karakalpak ASSR.
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