The 
Republic of China (ROC) was the recognized legitimate government of China between 1912 and 1949. After its defeat in the 
Chinese Civil War, the Republic of China 
retreated to the island of Taiwan where it continues to govern today. In 1949, the 
People’s Republic of China (PRC) was established on the 
Chinese mainland. Since 1949, both the ROC and PRC officially claim to be the 
sole legitimate government of the entirety of China (including Taiwan). The flag of the ROC was thus the legitimate flag of  China since its adoption in 1928 to 1949, whereas after 1949 its status has been linked to the 
political status of Taiwan.