Novosibirsk

Not to be confused with New Siberia.

Novosibirsk Новосибирск
City
Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre Novosibirsk railway station Novosibirsk State Circus City Trade House
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of Novosibirsk [1]
Location of Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk Location of Novosibirsk Show map of Russia Novosibirsk Novosibirsk (Novosibirsk Oblast) Show map of Novosibirsk Oblast
Coordinates: 55°03′N82°57′E / 55.050°N 82.950°E / 55.050; 82.950
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Novosibirsk Oblast [2]
Founded	1893 [3]
City status since	January 10, 1904 [ O.S. December 28, 1903] [4]
Government
• Body	Council of Deputies [5]
• Head (Mayor) [5]	Maxim Kudryavtsev  [ ru ] [6]
Area [7]
• Total	502.7 km2 (194.1 sq mi)
Elevation [8]	153 m (502 ft)
Population  (2010 Census) [9]
• Total	1,473,754
• Estimate  (January 2015) [10]	1,567,087
• Rank	3rd in 2010
• Density	2,900/km2 (7,600/sq mi)
Administrative status
•  Capital of	Novosibirsk Oblast, [2] Novosibirsky District [11]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Novosibirsk Urban Okrug [12]
•  Capital of	City of Novosibirsk, [13] Novosibirsky Municipal District [14]
Time zone	UTC+7 (MSK+4   [15] )
Postal code(s) [16]	List 630000, 630001, 630003–630005, 630007–630011, 630015, 630017, 630019, 630020, 630022, 630024, 630025, 630027–630030, 630032–630037, 630039–630041, 630045–630049, 630051, 630052, 630054–630061, 630063, 630064, 630066, 630068, 630071, 630073, 630075, 630077–630080, 630082–630084, 630087–630092, 630095–630100, 630102, 630105–630112, 630114, 630116, 630117, 630119–630121, 630123, 630124, 630126, 630128, 630129, 630132, 630133, 630136, 630200, 630201, 630700, 630880, 630885, 630890, 630899–630901, 630910, 630920–630926, 630970–630978, 630980–630983, 630985, 630988, 630989, 630991–630993, 901026, 901036, 901073, 901076, 901078, 901095, 901243, 901245, 901246, 991214
Dialing code(s)	+7 383 [17]
OKTMO ID	50701000001
City Day	Last Sunday of June [18]
Website	www.novo-sibirsk.ru

Novosibirsk ^[a] is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and the Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the 2021 census, it had a population of 1,633,595, ^[21] making it the most populous city in Siberia and the third-most populous city in Russia after Moscow and Saint Petersburg. It is also the most populous city in the Asian part of Russia. Novosibirsk is located in southwestern Siberia, on the banks of the Ob River. ^[22]

Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 on the Ob River crossing point of the future Trans-Siberian Railway, where the Novosibirsk Rail Bridge was constructed. Originally named Novonikolayevsk ^[b] ("New Nicholas") in honor of Emperor Nicholas II, the city rapidly grew into a major transport, commercial, and industrial hub. Novosibirsk was ravaged by the Russian Civil War but recovered during the early Soviet period and gained its present name, Novosibirsk ("New Siberia"), in 1926. Under the leadership of Joseph Stalin, Novosibirsk became one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Following the outbreak of World War II, the city hosted many factories relocated from the Russian core.

Novosibirsk is home to many notable places such as the neo-Byzantine Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre, as well as the Novosibirsk Zoo. It is served by Tolmachevo Airport, the busiest airport in Siberia. ^[23]

History

See also: Timeline of Novosibirsk

Novonikolayevsk in 1895

St Alexander Nevsky Cathedral

Novosibirsk was founded on the right side of the Ob, near an area traditionally inhabited by Chat Tatars (Chertovo gorodishche  [ ru ]). The Russian town originated on 30 April 1893 ^[3] at the future site of a Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river, and in 1895 became known as Novonikolayevsk (Новониколаевск), ^[4] in honor both of Saint Nicholas ^{[ citation needed ]} and of the new reigning Tsar, Nicholas II. ^[24] It superseded Bolshoye Krivoshchyokovo village, located on the opposite side of the Ob, which was founded in 1696 and was resettled in 1893 due to the construction of the Novosibirsk Rail Bridge. The bridge, completed in the spring of 1897, made the new settlement a regional transport hub. The importance of the city further increased with the completion of the Turkestan–Siberia Railway in the early 20th century. The new railway connected Novonikolayevsk directly with Central Asia and the Caspian Sea. ^[25]

At the time of the bridge's opening, Novonikolayevsk had a population of 7,800 people. The settlement developed rapidly. Its first bank opened in 1906, and a total of five banks were operating by 1915. In 1907, Novonikolayevsk, now with a population exceeding 47,000, was granted town status with full rights for self-government. During the pre-revolutionary period, the population of Novonikolayevsk reached 80,000. The city had steady and rapid economic growth, becoming one of the largest commercial and industrial centers of Siberia. It developed a significant agricultural-processing industry, ^[26] as well as a power station, iron foundry, commodity market, several banks, and commercial and shipping companies. By 1917, the city had seven Orthodox churches and one Roman Catholic Church, along with several cinemas, forty primary schools, a high school, a teaching seminary, and the Romanov House non-classical secondary school. In 1913, Novonikolayevsk became one of the first places in Russia to institute compulsory primary education. ^[25]

The Russian Civil War of 1917–1923 took a toll on the city. Wartime epidemics, especially typhus and cholera, claimed thousands of lives. In the course of the war, the Ob River Bridge was destroyed. For the first time in the city's history, the population of Novonikolayevsk began to decline. The Soviet Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies of Novonikolayevsk took control of the city in December 1917. In May 1918, the Czechoslovak Legion rose in opposition to the revolutionary government and, together with the White Guards, captured Novonikolayevsk (26 May 1918). The Red Army took the city in 1919, retaining it throughout the rest of the Civil War. ^[25]

Novonikolayevsk began reconstruction in 1921 at the start of Lenin's New Economic Policy period (1921–1928). The city formed part of Tomsk Governorate and served as its administrative center from 23 December 1919 to 14 March 1920. Between 13 June 1921 and 25 May 1925, it served as the administrative center of Novonikolayevsk Governorate, which was separated from Tomsk Governorate. ^[27] The city received its present name on 12 September 1926, ^[4] -Novosibirsk, which, in the Russian language, translates roughly as "New Siberian [town]".

After the Soviet Union abolished governorates in 1929, the city served as the administrative center of the Siberian Krai until 23 July 1930, and of West Siberian Krai until 28 September 1937, when that krai was split into Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai. ^[28] Since then, it has served as the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast. ^[28]

View of the part of Student Brigades Square and the intersection of Oktyabrskaya Highway, Serebrennikovskaya Street and Oktyabrskaya Street, as seen in 2017. In the lower left-hand corner, the part of the building of the Novosibirsk Globus Theatre is visible. In the center of the picture is the building at 50 Kommunisticheskaya Street, popularly known as "Batman" and "Plug".

The Monument to the Heroes of the Revolution, erected in the center of the city in 1922, became one of the chief historic sites (essentially every child had to visit the monument on school field-trips during the Soviet years). Neglect in the 1990s while other areas were redeveloped helped preserve it in the post-Soviet era.^{[ citation needed ]}

During Stalin's industrialization effort, Novosibirsk secured its place as one of the largest industrial centers of Siberia. Several massive industrial facilities developed, including the 'Sibkombain' plant, specializing in the production of heavy mining equipment. Additionally, a metal-processing plant, a food-processing plant, and other industrial enterprises and factories were built, as well as a new power station. The great Soviet famine of 1932–33 resulted in more than 170,000 rural refugees seeking food and safety in Novosibirsk. They were settled in barracks at the outskirts of the city, giving rise to slums. ^[25] Reflecting international recognition of its rapid growth and industrialization, in the US media Novosibirsk was referred to as the "Chicago of Siberia". ^[30]

Tram rails were laid down in 1934, by which time the population had reached 287,000, making Novosibirsk the largest city in Siberia. The following year the original road bridge over the Ob River was replaced by the new Kommunalny bridge. ^[25]

Between 1941 and 1942, the Soviets crated up and relocated more than 50 substantial factories from western Russia to Novosibirsk in order to reduce the risk of their destruction through war, and at this time the city became a major supply base for the Red Army. During this period the city also received more than 140,000 refugees. ^[31]

The rapid growth of the city prompted the construction during the 1950s of a hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 400 megawatts, ^[32] necessitating the creation of a giant water reservoir, now known as the Ob Sea. As a direct result of the station's construction, vast areas of fertile land were flooded, as were relic pine woods in the area; additionally, the new open space created by the reservoir's surface caused average wind speeds to double, increasing the rate of soil erosion. ^[25]

In the 1950s, the Soviet Government directed the building of a center for scientific research in Novosibirsk, and in 1957 the multi-facility scientific research complex of Akademgorodok was constructed about 30 km (19 mi) south of the city center. The Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (formerly the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union) has its headquarters in Akademgorodok, and the town hosts more than 35 research institutes and universities, among them Novosibirsk State University, one of the top Russian schools in natural sciences and mathematics. Although it possesses a fully autonomous infrastructure, Akademgorodok is administered by Novosibirsk.^{[ citation needed ]}

On 2 September 1962, the population of Novosibirsk reached one million. At that time, it was the youngest city in the world with the population exceeding one million. Novosibirsk took fewer than seventy years to achieve this milestone. ^[33] On 8 June 1965, the city was the scene of a dramatic aerial stunt when Lieutenant Valentin Privalov flew his MiG-17 under the October Bridge; an image which purportedly showed the event was later found to be a photocollage. ^{[34] [35]} In 1979, work began on the Novosibirsk Metro Transit System, culminating in the opening of the first line in 1985. ^[25]

On 1 August 2008, Novosibirsk was in the center of the path of a solar eclipse, with a duration of 2 minutes and 20 seconds. ^[36]

Administrative and municipal status

The administrative building of Novosibirsk Oblast

See also: Novonikolayevsk Governorate

Novosibirsk is the administrative center of the oblast ^[2] and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Novosibirsky District, ^[11] even though it is not a part of it. ^[37] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the City of Novosibirsk ^[37] —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^{[ citation needed ]} As a municipal division, the City of Novosibirsk is incorporated as Novosibirsk Urban Okrug. ^[12]

City districts

• Dzerzhinsky (Дзержинский)
• Kalininsky (Калининский)
• Kirovsky (Кировский)
• Leninsky (Ленинский)
• Oktyabrsky (Октябрьский)
• Pervomaysky (Первомайский)
• Sovetsky (Советский)
• Tsentralny (Центральный)
• Zayeltsovsky (Заельцовский)
• Zheleznodorozhny (Железнодорожный)

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1897	8,000	—
1926	117,863	+1373.3%
1939	405,297	+243.9%
1959	885,045	+118.4%
1970	1,160,963	+31.2%
1979	1,312,480	+13.1%
1989	1,436,516	+9.5%
2002	1,425,508	−0.8%
2010	1,473,754	+3.4%
2021	1,633,595	+10.8%
Source: Census data

According to the 2021 Russian census, the population of Novosibirsk is 1,633,595. ^[38] This is an increase compared to the 2010 census, when the population of the city was 1,473,754. ^[9]

People from over eighty ethnicities and nationalities reside in Novosibirsk. The largest groups are Russian, Tajik, Tatar, Uzbek, Ukrainian and Kyrgyz. ^[39]

Ethnic group	Population	Percentage
Russians	1,161,185	93.9%
Tajiks	6,502	0.5%
Tatars	6,213	0.5%
Uzbeks	5,665	0.5%
Ukrainians	5,436	0.4%
Kyrgyz	5,421	0.4%
Other	45,864	3.7%

Ecology

Flora

The best-known trees native to Novosibirsk are birch, pine, and aspen. Some mountain ash, hawthorn, spruce, and fir are present as well. European species of apple, ash, elm, linden, and oak have been successfully introduced.^{[ citation needed ]}

Geography

Bugrinsky Bridge on the Ob River

Urban layout

The layout of the modern city is based on the planning of the post-revolution period. Before 1917, there was no traditional city center in Novo-nikolayevsk. The main buildings of the railway management and the nearby railway station as well as the most important cathedral and the complex of the city's government were spread throughout the city. This changed following the revolution, with Lenin House built in 1925 in what was traditionally the main avenue, Krasny Prospekt while the first Lenin monument was built in Barnaulskaya Street, closer to the railway station. And thus, until the late 1920s, Novosibirsk did not have a clearly defined city center. The 1930s brought many changes to the development of the city: Its former Bazarnaya Ploschad (Market Square) was chosen as the site for the construction of the Opera House which started in 1931. The Stalin Park of Culture and Rest was established some distance from the main avenue and the city's administrative buildings and park created a radial around the Bazarnaya Ploschad. ^[40]

There are 3 road (Kommunalny, Dimitrovsky, Bugrinsky), 2 railway (First, Komsomolsky), and 1 metro bridges within the city limits. The dam of the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station located on the territory of the city is also used for road traffic.

Location

The city stands on the banks of the Ob River in the West Siberian Plain. The southern boundary of the city runs through the Novosibirsk reservoir, which is formed by the dam of the Novosibirsk Hydroelectric Station and cuts through the Ob Plateau.

The nearest major cities are Omsk, Barnaul, Kemerovo, Tomsk.

Climate

The climate in Novosibirsk is typical of Siberia, with dry winters and far-below-freezing winter temperatures. Among the reasons for these temperatures are the absence of a nearby ocean and the lack of tall mountains at the north of Novosibirsk that could have held back freezing Arctic winds.^{[ citation needed ]} In fact, Novosibirsk is the second-farthest substantially populated city from the ocean, the first being Ürümqi in China.^{[ citation needed ]}

The climate is humid continental (Köppen Dfb), with warm summers and bitterly cold winters. Snow is frequent, falling on almost half of all winter days, but individual snowfalls are usually light. On average temperatures range in summer from +15 °C (59 °F) to +26 °C (79 °F) and in winter from −20 °C (−4 °F) to −12 °C (10 °F). However, winter temperatures can go as low as −30 °C (−22 °F) to −35 °C (−31 °F), and summer temperatures can go as high as +30 °C (86 °F) to +35 °C (95 °F). The difference between the highest- and lowest-recorded temperatures is 82 °C (148 °F).

Travellers coming from countries with mild climates may find Novosibirsk's winter extremely cold, but it is a lot less severe than further east in Siberia and the Russian Far East, especially considering its latitude of 55°N. For example, Novosibirsk is less cold during winter nights than Spassk-Dalny at eleven degrees lower latitude. It also is less cold in winter than the largest far eastern city of Khabarovsk and during nights even the Pacific coastal town of Sovetskaya Gavan, both at less than 49°N, and slightly milder than the Chinese city of Harbin, the capital of Manchuria and Heilongjiang province in China, at only 45°N. Sometimes bitter cold may hold for some days, but temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F) and lower do not occur every year. Its overall temperatures are very similar to that of Winnipeg, Canada at about 50 degrees north.

Climate data for Novosibirsk (1991–2020, extremes 1930–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	4.1 (39.4)	5.1 (41.2)	14.4 (57.9)	30.7 (87.3)	36.1 (97.0)	37.3 (99.1)	36.4 (97.5)	35.7 (96.3)	33.2 (91.8)	23.8 (74.8)	11.7 (53.1)	4.8 (40.6)	37.3 (99.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−12.6 (9.3)	−9.2 (15.4)	−1.3 (29.7)	9.6 (49.3)	18.9 (66.0)	23.8 (74.8)	25.4 (77.7)	23.1 (73.6)	16.1 (61.0)	7.9 (46.2)	−3.4 (25.9)	−9.9 (14.2)	7.4 (45.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−17.0 (1.4)	−14.4 (6.1)	−6.8 (19.8)	3.6 (38.5)	11.9 (53.4)	17.6 (63.7)	19.5 (67.1)	16.9 (62.4)	10.3 (50.5)	3.3 (37.9)	−6.8 (19.8)	−13.9 (7.0)	2.0 (35.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−21.2 (−6.2)	−19.1 (−2.4)	−11.9 (10.6)	−1.4 (29.5)	5.7 (42.3)	11.7 (53.1)	13.9 (57.0)	11.5 (52.7)	5.7 (42.3)	−0.2 (31.6)	−10.1 (13.8)	−18 (0)	−2.8 (27.0)
Record low °C (°F)	−46.2 (−51.2)	−46.3 (−51.3)	−36.4 (−33.5)	−29 (−20)	−8.6 (16.5)	−2.0 (28.4)	3.9 (39.0)	0.2 (32.4)	−6.9 (19.6)	−26.4 (−15.5)	−39.6 (−39.3)	−45.7 (−50.3)	−46.3 (−51.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	25 (1.0)	18 (0.7)	20 (0.8)	24 (0.9)	37 (1.5)	55 (2.2)	68 (2.7)	58 (2.3)	46 (1.8)	43 (1.7)	39 (1.5)	36 (1.4)	469 (18.5)
Average rainy days	1	1	2	8	13	14	14	14	16	12	5	1	101
Average snowy days	23	19	15	9	3	0.1	0	0	1	11	20	25	126
Average relative humidity (%)	82	81	77	65	58	66	73	75	75	78	83	83	75
Mean monthly sunshine hours	67	107	166	213	264	302	304	245	170	100	58	45	2,041
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net [41]
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun, 1931–1960) [42]

Climate data for Novosibirsk (1961–1990)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−12.2 (10.0)	−10.3 (13.5)	−2.6 (27.3)	8.1 (46.6)	17.5 (63.5)	24.0 (75.2)	25.7 (78.3)	22.2 (72.0)	16.6 (61.9)	6.8 (44.2)	−2.9 (26.8)	−8.9 (16.0)	7.0 (44.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−16.2 (2.8)	−14.7 (5.5)	−7.2 (19.0)	3.2 (37.8)	11.6 (52.9)	18.2 (64.8)	20.2 (68.4)	17.0 (62.6)	11.5 (52.7)	3.4 (38.1)	−6.0 (21.2)	−12.7 (9.1)	2.4 (36.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−20.1 (−4.2)	−19.1 (−2.4)	−11.8 (10.8)	−1.7 (28.9)	5.6 (42.1)	12.3 (54.1)	14.7 (58.5)	11.7 (53.1)	6.4 (43.5)	0.0 (32.0)	−9.1 (15.6)	−16.4 (2.5)	−2.3 (27.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	19 (0.7)	14 (0.6)	15 (0.6)	24 (0.9)	36 (1.4)	58 (2.3)	72 (2.8)	66 (2.6)	44 (1.7)	38 (1.5)	32 (1.3)	24 (0.9)	442 (17.4)
Source: "Mean monthly climatic data for the city of Novosibirsk from 1961 to 1990". Roshydromet. Retrieved October 17, 2010.

Broadcasting

Novosibirsk is home to Russia's most powerful shortwave relay station east of the Ural mountains. This relay station can reach most of South Asia, the Middle East, and China. The Magadan and Vladivostok relay stations when operated in conjunction with Novosibirsk can guarantee that the Voice of Russia or any other broadcaster renting time at Novosibirsk is heard in the intended target area.

Transportation

International and intercity transportation

Airports

Tolmachevo Airport

The city is served by Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport, which connects Novosibirsk with most of Russia's largest cities and most countries of Europe and Asia. Tolmachevo is the hub for S7 Airlines.

There is also the auxiliary Yeltsovka Airport.

A smaller field for general aviation at Novosibirsk Severny Airport was closed in 2012. In August 2008, the First World Aerobatics Championship in Yak-52 aircraft was held at the airport. ^[43]

Railway stations

Novosibirsk-Glavny railway station

Trains at Novosibirsk-Glavny railway station

Novosibirsk is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway and the north end of Turkestan–Siberia Railway. The main railway station of Novosibirsk is Novosibirsk-Glavny station ("Glavny" means "Main") which is located in the centre of the right bank part of the city. There are also Novosibirsk-Zapadny ("Zapadny" means "Western"), Novosibirsk-Vostochny ("Vostochny" means "Eastern"), and Novosibirsk-Yuzhny ("Yuzhny" means "Southern") railway stations in Novosibirsk. All intercity trains passing through the aforementioned stations stop at these stations. In addition, there are halts where only suburban trains stops, for example Inskaya, Seyatel, Razyezd Inya, and many others.

The many regular intercity trains connect Novosibirsk with Russian cities in Siberia, the Far East, Ural, and European Russia. International trains connect the city with China, Mongolia, Belarus, and countries in Central Asia.

Bus stations

The old Novosibirsk Bus Station located on Krasny Avenue in the right bank part of the city near Kommunalny Bridge was opened in 1964 and eventually closed on 6 April 2020. ^[44] There is a plan to build some new bus stations on the periphery of the city; the first of these new bus stations was built on Gusinobrodskoe Сhaussee and was opened on 18 December 2019. ^[45] Until the completion of remaining new bus stations, some bus stops in the city are being used by intercity bus services.

The many regular intercity/international bus routes connect Novosibirsk with most cities of the southern part of Western Siberia and major cities of Central Asia.

River passenger terminals

The building of Novosibirsk river passenger terminal (Russian: Речной вокзал) on the Ob river was opened in 1974. ^[46] Later, the self-titled metro station was opened near the building of the terminal. On 7 March 2003, there was the strong fire in the building of the terminal. ^[47] The part of the building was beyond repair and was demolished.

At present day^{[ when? ]}, only two regular passenger lines are operational: Novosibirsk - Kudryash island - Yagodnaya - Cheremushki - Novaya Zarya - Bibikha - Sedova Zaimka and Novosibirsk - Berdsk. ^[48] There are also cruises on the Ob river and the Novosibirsk Reservoir including to Tomsk and Barnaul. River ships use the Novosibirsk Shipping Canal, equipped with a single triple-chamber shipping lock and located in Novosibirsk along its entire length, for the passage from the river to the reservoir and from the reservoir to the river.

Usually, the period of navigability is opened in late April or early May and is closed in late September or early October.

City public transportation

Metro

Сhronologically, Novosibirsk was the fourth city in Russia in which a metro system was established, after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Nizhny Novgorod. It was therefore also the first city in Siberia. The Novosibirsk Metro was opened in 1985. As of 2022, the system has 2 dual track lines (Leninskaya (red) and Dzerzhinskaya (green)) and 13 stations. ^[49]

Tram system

The Novosibirsk tram system was launched in 1934. As of 2022, the network has 10 routes: 6 of them are situated in left-bank part of the city, 4 of them are situated in right-bank of the city. ^{[50] [51]}

Trolleybus system

The Novosibirsk trolleybus system was launched in 1957. As of 2022, the network has 14 routes. ^{[50] [51]}

Bus system

The Novosibirsk bus system was launched in 1923. As of 2022, system consists of 52 routes served by buses over 10 metres long and 17 routes served by smaller buses. ^[50]

Waterbus system

As of 2021, the Novosibirsk waterbus system includes the following routes: ^[48]

• Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Beach "Bugrinskaya Roshcha" - Korablik Island
• Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Severo-Chemskoy residential area - Allotment garden community "Smorodinka" - Allotment garden community "Tikhie Zori"
• Novosibirsk river passenger terminal - Novosibirsk Waterpark (the last route was not included in the plan of navigational season 2021 due to suspension of Waterpark's operation).

Usually, the period of navigability is opened in late April or early May and is closed in late September or early October.^{[ citation needed ]}

Route taxi

The Novosibirsk fixed-route taxi system (marshrutka), which utilizes minibuses, has operated in the city since late 1970s. In 1989, the first private carriers appeared after the passage of the Law on Cooperatives. There are 56 marshrutkas routes in Novosibirsk. ^[52] In recent years the number of minibus routes in this system have been in decline, generally being replaced with bus routes. ^[53]

• 
  Marshal Pokryshkin metro station
• 
  BKM-60103 tram
• 
  71-623 (UKVZ) tram
• 
  Tatra KT4DM tram
• 
  Trolza-5265 low-floor trolleybus
• 
  MAZ-103 low-entry bus
• 
  Waterbus Moskva type on the Ob
• 
  Ford Transit marshrutka

Economy

Novosibirsk CHP Station-5

Novosibirsk is a large industrial center. The industrial complex consists of 214 large and average-sized industrial enterprises. These produce more than two-thirds of all industrial output of the Novosibirsk region. Leading industries are aerospace (Chkalov's Novosibirsk Aircraft Plant), nuclear fuel (Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant), turbo and hydroelectric generators (NPO ELSIB), textile machinery (Textilmach), agriculture machinery (NPO "Sibselmash"), electronics components and devices production (Novosibirsk Factory and Design Bureau of Semiconductor Devices NZPP, OXID Novosibirsk Plant of Radio components), and metallurgy and metalworking (Kuzmina's Novosibirsk Metallurgical Plant, Novosibirsk Tin Plant OJSC, and JSC Plant of Rare Metals).

According to the television station RBC, Novosibirsk took third place in 2008 in the list of Russian cities most attractive to businesses (in 2007 it was placed thirteenth).

The Rich Family multi-national retailer was founded in Novosibirsk in 2002 and continues to maintain their headquarters in the city. Before the relocation of its headquarters to Ob, S7 Airlines had its head office in Novosibirsk. ^[54]

The headquarters of a number of large Russian companies are located in Novosibirsk: ^[55]

• RATM Holding
• Novosibirsk Aircraft Production Association Plant (NAPO) (a subsidiary of Sukhoi)
• Belon
• Center of Financial Technologies
• Siberian Coast Food Company (until 2009)
• NETA IT Company (retail, system integrator, software sales)
• Parallels IT Company (software for virtualization)
• Inmarko Food Company
• Siberian Food Corporation
• Electro-vacuum plant (the largest glass bottle factory in the Asian part of the country)
• NPO NIIIP-NZiK
• 2GIS

Governance

Until 2023, the head of the city (mayor) was elected by universal suffrage among city residents. This position was held by Anatoly Lokot (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) from 23 April 2014. In February 2023, deputies of the Legislative Assembly of the Novosibirsk Oblast, in two readings, adopted a bill to abolish direct elections of the heads of Novosibirsk and the scientific settlement of Koltsovo; the election of heads of municipal administrations will take place on a competitive basis. ^[56] On 28 December 2023, the governor of Novosibirsk Oblast, Andrey Travnikov, announced that Anatoly Lokot was going on vacation with subsequent dismissal. First Deputy Mayor Oleg Klemeshov was appointed acting mayor. ^[57] On 16 April 2024, based on the results of voting by deputies of the Novosibirsk City Council of Deputies, Deputy Governor of the Novosibirsk Region Maxim Kudryavtsev (United Russia) was elected mayor of Novosibirsk. ^[58]

Sport

Bandy at Sibselmash Stadium

Spartak Stadium and city surroundings

Professional sports clubs active in the city:

Club	Sport	Founded	Current league	League rank	Stadium
FC Novosibirsk	Football	1936	Russian Professional Football League	3rd	Spartak Stadium
Sibir Novosibirsk	Ice hockey	1962	Kontinental Hockey League	1st	Ice Sports Palace Sibir
Sibselmash Novosibirsk	Bandy	1937	Russian Bandy Super League	1st	Sibselmash Stadium
BC Novosibirsk	Basketball	2011	Basketball Super League	2nd	SKK Sever
Dynamo-GUVD Novosibirsk	Basketball	1955	Women's Basketball Premier League	1st	SKK Sever
Lokomotiv Novosibirsk	Volleyball	1977	Volleyball Super League	1st	Lokomotiv-Arena
Sibiryak Novosibirsk	Futsal	1988	Futsal Super League	1st	NSAAA Sports Hall

Novosibirsk is the home town of several former Olympians, including Aleksandr Karelin, a twelve-time world Greco-Roman wrestling champion who has been voted the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of the twentieth century by the sport's international governing body of FILA.

The city also hosts a number of national and international Ice Speedway events. Siberia Novosibirsk competed in the Russian Ice Speedway Premier League in 2012/13, and 2013/2014. The speedway venue known as the Motordrome ROSTO is located on Ulitsa Tul'skaya, 205 at ( 54°58′07″N82°53′30″E / 54.96861°N 82.89167°E / 54.96861; 82.89167 ).

The Siberia Novosibirsk motorcycle speedway team regularly participated in the Soviet Union Championship from its inaugural edition in 1962 through to 1992 ^[59] and then from 1993 to 1995 in the Russian Championship. ^[60] The team were champions of the Soviet Union in 1980. ^[61]

Music

Several contemporary classical violinists, such as Vadim Repin, ^[62] the late Alexander Skwortsow, Natalia Lomeiko, ^[63] and Maxim Vengerov, ^[64] are natives of Novosibirsk. Also born in the city were punk legend, poet and singer-songwriter Yanka Dyagileva, tragic punk rocker Dmitry Selivanov, folk/folk-rock singer Pelageya Khanova, and cellist Tatjana Vassiljeva. The career of poet and singer-songwriter Tatyana Snezhina was connected with Novosibirsk.

The city possesses the Novosibirsk State Conservatory, named in honor of the composer Mikhail Glinka; Novosibirsk State Philharmony, home to Novosibirsk Academic Symphony Orchestra, Novosibirsk Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra, Russian Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments, and other musical groups; Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theater; and several notable music venues.

Education

Airphoto of Akademgorodok

Novosibirsk is home to the following institutions of higher education:

• Novosibirsk State University (1959)
• Novosibirsk State Technical University (1950)
• Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management (1929)
• Novosibirsk State Agricultural University (1936)
• Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts (1989)
• Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1930)
• Novosibirsk State Medical University (1935)
• Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (1935)
• Novosibirsk State Theater Institute (1960)
• Novosibirsk State Conservatory named after M.I. Glinka (1956)
• Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (1967)
• Novosibirsk Military Institute named after I.K. Yakovlev of the National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation (1971)
• Novosibirsk Institute of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (1935)
• Siberian State Transport University (1932)
• Siberian State University of Water Transport (1951)
• Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies (1933)
• Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics (1953)
• Siberian Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (1991)
• Siberian Institute of International Relations and Regional Studies (1998)
• Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation (1956)
• Siberian Academy of Finance and Banking (1992)

Additionally, there are more than 50 vocational schools in Novosibirsk.

Akademgorodok is a remote part of Novosibirsk dedicated to science. It houses the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is the location of Novosibirsk State University and Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School. All other higher education institutions are located in the central part of the city of Novosibirsk on both banks of the Ob river.

The Quality Schools International QSI International School of Novosibirsk, previously located in Akademgorodok, opened in 2008. ^[65]

• 
  Novosibirsk State University
• 
  House of Scientists of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok
• 
  Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics
• 
  Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics
• 
  Technopark of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok
• 
  Novosibirsk State Technical University
• 
  Siberian State Transport University
• 
  Siberian State University of Water Transport
• 
  Novosibirsk State Agricultural University
• 
  Novosibirsk State Conservatory named after M.I. Glinka
• 
  Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
• 
  Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts
• 
  Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics
• 
  Novosibirsk State Medical University
• 
  Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management

Culture

Libraries

There are many libraries in Novosibirsk. The most significant libraries are the following:

• State Public Scientific & Technological Library
• Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library
• Novosibirsk Regional Special Library for the blind and visually impaired
• Novosibirsk Regional Youth Library
• Novosibirsk Regional Children's Library

• 
  State Public Scientific & Technological Library
• 
  Novosibirsk State Regional Scientific Library
• 
  Novosibirsk Regional Youth Library

Theatres

• Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre (1945)
• Novosibirsk Regional Puppet Theatre (1933)
• Novosibirsk State Drama Theatre "Old House" (1933)
• Novosibirsk State Academic Drama Theatre "Red Torch" (1932), directed by Timofey Kulyabin since 2015 ^[66]
• Novosibirsk Academic Youth Theatre "Globe" (1930)
• Novosibirsk Musical Theatre (1959)
• Novosibirsk City Theatre under the direction of Sergey Afanasiev (1988)
• Novosibirsk Drama Theatre "On the left bank" (1997)
• Novosibirsk Studio Theatre "First Theatre" (2009)

• 
  Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre
• 
  Novosibirsk State Drama Theatre "Old House"
• 
  Novosibirsk Academic Youth Theatre "Globe"
• 
  Novosibirsk State Academic Drama Theatre "Red Torch"
• 
  Novosibirsk Musical Theatre
• 
  Novosibirsk Regional Puppet Theatre

Philharmonic

Novosibirsk State Philharmonic Society was founded in 1937. It holds about 60 concerts per month using the following halls:

• Arnold Kats State Concert Hall (2013)
• Philharmonic Chamber Hall (1985)

• 
  Philharmonic Chamber Hall
• 
  Arnold Kats State Concert Hall

Museums

• Novosibirsk State Art Museum
• Novosibirsk State Museum of Local Lore
• Museum of Cossacks glory
• Novosibirsk museum of railway equipment named after N.A. Akulinin
• Museum "Siberian Birch Bark"
• Nicholas Roerich Museum
• Museum of the Sun
• Historical and Architectural Museum in the open air
• Siberian Memorial Art Gallery

• 
  Novosibirsk State Art Museum
• 
  Novosibirsk State Museum of Local Lore

Planetariums

• Small Novosibirsk Planetarium (1952)
• Large Novosibirsk Planetarium (2012) ^[67] was awarded in 2015 as the best social infrastructure object in Russia. ^[68]

• 
  Large Novosibirsk Planetarium

Annual festivals, forums and conferences

• Siberian Snow Sculpture Festival
• Transsiberian Art Festival
• Monstration
• Festival of children's animation films "Firebird"
• Festival of Youth Subcultures "ZNАКИ"
• Siberian Astronomical Forum
• Documentary Film Festival "Meetings in Siberia"
• Festival of Russian Music "Pokrovskaya autumn"
• SibLegalWeek
• Sib Jazz Fest
• Science Fiction Festival "White Spot"
• Poetry Festival "Very New Miracle"
• International Christmas Festival of Arts

Places of entertainment

Cinemas

16 cinemas, including Cinema Park which supports IMAX and IMAX 3D.

• 
  Pobeda Cinema

Circus

Modern building of the Novosibirsk Circus was built in 1971.

• 
  Novosibirsk Circus

Zoo

Main article: Novosibirsk Zoo

The Novosibirsk Zoo is a world-renowned scientific institution as well as a popular tourist attraction.

The zoo has over 11,000 animals from 738 species and is an active participant in thirty-two different captive breeding programmes for endangered species. Since 2016, the Center of oceanography and marine biology "Dolphinia" has been part of the zoo. ^[69]

On average, around 1.5 million people visit the zoo each year. ^[70]

• 
  Novosibirsk Zoo in 2015

Children's railway

Main article: Small West Siberian Railway

Small West Siberian Railway is the children's railway located in Zayeltsovsky Park.

It has 5 stations: Zayeltsovskiy Park, Razyezd Lokomotiv, Sportivnaya, Razyezd Eltsovskiy, Zoopark.

The railway is operational in summer.

• 
  Novosibirsk Children's railway

Botanical gardens

Central Siberian Botanic Garden ^[71] is located in Akademgorodok.

Twin towns – sister cities

Novosibirsk is twinned with: ^[72]

• Minneapolis, United States (1989)
• Saint Paul, United States (1989)
• Sapporo, Japan (1990)
• Mianyang, China (1994)
• Daejeon, South Korea (2001)
• Varna, Bulgaria (2008)
• Osh, Kyrgyzstan (2009)
• Kharkiv, Ukraine (2011)
• Minsk, Belarus (2012)
• Shenyang, China (2013)
• Yerevan, Armenia (2014)
• Sevastopol, Ukraine (2014)
• Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (2015)
• Tiraspol, Moldova (2016)

Notable residents

Main article: List of people from Novosibirsk

Violinist Mikhail Simonyan, playwright and prose writer Nina Mikhailovna Sadur, three-time Olympic Greco-Roman wrestling champion Aleksandr Karelin, pop singer Shura, singer and The Voice judge Pelageya, rapper Allj and top model Sofia Steinberg were born and raised in Novosibirsk. Maxim Vengerov, an Israeli violinist, violist, and conductor was born here. Aleksandr Akimov, who was also born here, was the night shift supervisor on duty for Reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant at the time of the explosion in April 1986. Stanislav Pozdnyakov, fencer and president of the Russian Olympic Commission, was born here.

Notes

1. /ˌnoʊvəsɪˈbɪərsk,-voʊs-/ , also UK: /ˌnɒv-/ ; ^{[19] [20]} Russian: Новосиби́рск, IPA: [nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk] ^ⓘ
2. Pre-reform orthography: Ново-Николаевскъ, IPA: [ˈnovənʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪfsk]

References

1. Decision #850
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4. Charter of Novosibirsk, Article 1.1
5. Charter of Novosibirsk, Article 27
6. Official website of Novosibirsk. Local Authorities
7. Official website of Novosibirsk. General Information Archived October 22, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
8. https://it-ch.topographic-map.com/map-s79cs8/%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA/?zoom=19&center=55.0286%2C82.92161&popup=55.02876%2C82.9216.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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72. "Города-побратимы Новосибирска". novo-sibirsk.ru (in Russian). Novosibirsk. Retrieved February 3, 2020.

Sources

• Городской Совет Новосибирска. Решение №616 от 27 июня 2007 г. «Устав города Новосибирска», в ред. Решения №1311 от 31 марта 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в устав города Новосибирска, принятый Решением городского Совета Новосибирска от 27.06.2007 №616». Вступил в силу через 10 дней со дня официального опубликования, за исключением положений, для которых установлены иные сроки и порядок вступления в силу. Опубликован: "Бюллетень органов городского самоуправления Новосибирска", №58, стр. 3, 15 августа 2007 г. (City Council of Novosibirsk. Decision #616 of June 27, 2007 Charter of the City of Novosibirsk, as amended by the Decision #1311 of March 31, 2015 On Amending the Charter of the City of Novosibirsk Adopted by the Decision #616 of the City Council of Novosibirsk of June 27, 2007. Effective as of 10 days after the official publication date, with the exception of the clauses for which different dates and procedures of taking effect are specified.).
• Новосибирский областной Совет депутатов. Постановление №282-ОЗ от 31 марта 2005 г. «Устав Новосибирской области», в ред. Закона №529-ОЗ от 26 февраля 2015 г. «О поправках к Уставу Новосибирской области». Вступил в силу 1 мая 2005 г. Опубликован: "Советская Сибирь", №81, 29 апреля 2005 г. (Novosibirsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Resolution #282-OZ of March 31, 2005 Charter of Novosibirsk Oblast , as amended by the Law #529-OZ of February 26, 2015 On Amending the Charter of Novosibirsk Oblast. Effective as of May 1, 2005.).
• Новосибирский областной Совет депутатов. Закон №246-ОЗ от 17 декабря 2004 г. «Об административных центрах муниципальных районов и сельских поселений Новосибирской области», в ред. Закона №69-ОЗ от 5 декабря 2006 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Новосибирской области "Об административных центрах муниципальных районов и сельских поселений Новосибирской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Советская Сибирь", №252, 29 декабря 2004 г. (Novosibirsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #246-OZ of December 17, 2004 On the Administrative Centers of the Municipal Districts and Rural Settlements of Novosibirsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #69-OZ of December 5, 2006 On Amending the Law of Novosibirsk Oblast "On the Administrative Centers of the Municipal Districts and Rural Settlements of Novosibirsk Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).

External links

• Siberia portal

• Official website