List of Malaysian flags

Malaysian flag in Merdeka Square

This is a list of flags used in Malaysia , both currently and historically.

National flags

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	1963 onwards	Flag of Malaysia (Jalur Gemilang)	Fourteen horizontal stripes alternating red and white; in the canton, a yellow crescent and 14-point star on a blue field.
		Flag of Malaysia (Banner display)	Fourteen vertical stripes alternating red and white; in the chief, a yellow crescent and 14-point star pointing upward on a blue field.
		Civil Ensign of Malaysia	A red field with the Flag of Malaysia in a blue-fimbriated canton.
		Government Ensign of Malaysia	A blue field with the Flag of Malaysia in the canton. Example: used by the Marine Police of Royal Malaysian Police.

Monarch

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	1988–Present	Standard of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong	The Jata Negara, the coat of arms of Malaysia, enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a yellow field.
		Standard of the Raja Permaisuri Agong	The coat of arms of Malaysia enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a light green field.
		Standard of the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Deputy King)	The Jata Negara, the coat of arms of Malaysia, on two equal horizontal bands of yellow and blue.
		Standard of the Sultan of Johor	A white field defaced with a blue crescent and nine-pointed star.
		Standard of the Permaisuri of Johor	A blue field with white diagonal edges defaced with a white crescent and seven-pointed star.
	2020–present	Standard of the Sultan of Kedah	The Kedah Coat of Arms enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy in a circle gold border on a yellow field.
	2018-2020	Standard of the Sultan of Kedah	The lesser installation emblem of Sultan Sallehuddin on a yellow field.
	?-2017	Standard of the Sultan of Kedah	The Kedah Coat of Arms enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a yellow field.
	2010–present	Standard of the Sultan of Kelantan	The Arms of the Sultan of Kelantan on two equal horizontal bands of white and red.
	?–2010	Standard of the Sultan of Kelantan (older)	A white flag with the royal arms in blue (a blue star and upward pointing crescent surmounted by a coronet similar to that from the arms, surrounded by a blue wreath) charged on the centre; an older, more intricate variant of the flag features a yellow star and crescent, a yellow crown, and a blue wreath;
		Standard of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan	The personal emblem of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar inside a black circle which is inscribed inside a red lozenge and a yellow background.
		Standard of the Sultan of Pahang	The Pahang State Arms enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a white field.
	2015-present	Standard of the Sultan of Perak	The Arms of the Sultan of Perak enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a yellow field. The flag ratio 2:3 is used by official residence with the presence of the Sultan, while the flag ratio 1:2 is used by official residences the Sultan will reside.
	1985-2014	Standard of the Sultan of Perak (Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah)	The Arms of the Sultan of Perak enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a white field
	1963-1984	Standard of the Sultan of Perak (Sultan Idris Al-Mutawakil Alallahi Shah)	The Arms of the Sultan of Perak on a white field with the Flag of Perak in the canton.
	1949-1963	Standard of the Sultan of Perak (Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah)	A white field with the Flag of Perak in the canton.
		Standard of the Raja of Perlis	The Perlis Coat of Arms on a yellow field.
		Standard of the Raja Permaisuri Perlis	A yellow field with the yellow Perlis Coat of Arms in a blue canton.
		Standard of the Sultan of Selangor	A red field defaced with the Arms of the Sultan of Selangor, with the yellow crescent and five-pointed stars in a red canton.
		Standard of the Tengku Permaisuri of Selangor	A yellow crescent and five-pointed stars in a yellow flag with a red hoist stripe.
		Standard of the Sultan of Terengganu	The Arms of the Sultan of Terengganu enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a white field, surrounded by a brown border.
		Standard of the Sultanah of Terengganu	The Arms of the Sultanah of Terengganu enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a yellow field.

Governor

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
		Standard of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca	The Coat of Arms of Malacca enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy on a yellow field.
	2022-present	Standard of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang	The Crest of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang on a yellow field.
	1983-2022		The Crest of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang inside a white circle on a yellow field.
	1963-1982
		Standard of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah	State flag of Sabah with Mount Kinabalu replaced by Coat of arms of Sabah enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy in the canton.
		Standard of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak	State flag of Sarawak with the Nine-pointed Star replaced by Coat of arms of Sarawak enwreathed by two sheaves of paddy in the centre.

Administrative divisions

States

Main article: States and federal territories of Malaysia

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	1871 onwards	Flag of the state of Johor.	A blue field with an arranged crescent and five-pointed stars in a red canton.
	1912 onwards	Flag of the state of Kedah.	A red field with the state coat of arms in the canton.
	1923 onwards	Flag of the state of Kelantan.	A red field defaced with a white crescent and star and two white kris and spears.
	1957 onwards	Flag of the state of Malacca.	Two equal bands of red and white, with a crescent and five-pointed star in a blue canton.
	1895 onwards	Flag of the state of Negeri Sembilan.	A yellow field with two diagonal bands of red and black in the canton.
	1903 onwards	Flag of the state of Pahang.	Two equal horizontal bands of white and black.
	1965 onwards	Flag of the state of Penang.	A blue, white and yellow vertical tri-colour defaced with a betel nut tree.
	1879 onwards	Flag of the state of Perak.	A white, yellow and black horizontal tri-colour.
	1870 onwards	Flag of the state of Perlis.	Two equal horizontal bands of yellow and blue.
	1988 onwards	Flag of the state of Sabah.	A blue (top), white, and red tri-colour, with the silhouette of Mount Kinabalu on a light blue canton.
	1988 onwards	Flag of the state of Sarawak. (Ibu Pertiwi)	A yellow field with two diagonal bands of red (top) and black, defaced with a nine-pointed star.
	1965 onwards	Flag of the state of Selangor.	Red and yellow quartered, with a white crescent and five-pointed stars in the canton.
	1953 onwards	Flag of the state of Terengganu.	A black field defaced with a white crescent and five-pointed star, with white at the edge.

Federal territories

Main article: Flag of the Federal Territories

A common flag for the three federal territories was adopted by the Ministry of the Federal Territories on 20 August 2006. The flag is to be used and flown on matters and ceremonies that involve all the federal territories as a whole. An example is in national sporting events; the unified contingent of the territories would be under this common flag. However, the usage of the individual territorial flags would be given preference in events relating to individual territories. ^[1]

Flag	Date (year)	Use	Description
	2006 onwards	Flag of the Federal Territories	Three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the Malaysian coat of arms in the blue band.
	1990 onwards	Flag of Kuala Lumpur	Three equal bands of white, blue and white with three equal horizontal stripes of red on both white bands. There is a yellow crescent and yellow fourteen-pointed stars on the left within the blue band. Before 2006, this flag was used to represent the entire Federal Territories.
	1992 onwards	Flag of Labuan	Three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue, there is a yellow crescent and yellow fourteen-pointed stars in the white band.
	2001 onwards	Flag of Putrajaya	Three vertical bands of blue, yellow (double width), and blue with the Malaysian coat of arms in the yellow band.

Order of precedence

Per government protocol, if a display contains the Jalur Gemilang and all the state flags of Malaysia: ^[2]

• The Jalur Gemilang shall take precedence before the state flags;
• The state flags shall be ordered by the date the state's incumbent ruler takes the throne;
• The Federal Territory flag comes last

State	Current ruler	Taken office
Terengganu	Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin	15 May 1998
Perlis	Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin	17 April 2000
Selangor	Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah	22 November 2001
Negeri Sembilan	Tuanku Muhriz	29 December 2008
Johor	Sultan Ibrahim Ismail	23 January 2010
Kelantan	Sultan Muhammad V	13 September 2010
Perak	Sultan Nazrin Shah	29 May 2014
Kedah	Sultan Sallehuddin	12 September 2017
Pahang	Al-Sultan Abdullah	31 January 2019
Malacca	TYT Mohd Ali Rustam	4 June 2020
Penang	TYT Ramli Ngah Talib	1 May 2025
Sarawak	TYT Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar	26 January 2024
Sabah	TYT Musa Aman	1 January 2025

City, district, provincial and municipal

Further information: Flags of districts of Malaysia and Flags of municipalities of Malaysia

Some localities have their own flags, whether on the level of district, city, or even traditional localities. Some of them do not represent the locality, but rather the authority that governs the locality such as district councils.

For flags of districts, towns, and cities in Malaysia, look for the article for each state's flag where said location is in. Below is a gallery of the flags of some Malaysian localities.

• 
  Kuala Terengganu (district)
• 
  Gua Musang (district)
• 
  Johor Bahru (district)
• 
  Johor Bahru (city)
• 
  Kota Kinabalu (city)
• 
  Sungei Ujong (luak/chiefdom)
• 
  Sabak Bernam (district council)
• 
  Ipoh (city council)

Military

Main article: Military of Malaysia

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
		Standard of the Commander-in-chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces	Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue, red and blue, encircled by five gold five-pointed stars.
		Standard of the Malaysian Chief of Defence Forces	Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue, red and blue, with four gold five-pointed stars.
		Flag of the Malaysian Armed Forces	Three equal horizontal bands of sky blue, red and blue, with the crest of the Malaysian Armed Forces.
		Flag of the Malaysian Army	A red field defaced with the crest of the Malaysian Army, with the Malaysian flag with black fimbriation in the canton.
		Non-Ceremonial Flag of Malaysian Army	A red field defaced with the crest of the Malaysian Army
		Air force ensign of the Royal Malaysian Air Force	A sky blue field defaced with the Federal Star, with the Malaysian flag in the canton.
		Standard of the Chief of the Royal Malaysian Air Force	A sky blue field defaced with the Crest of the Air Force and four stars, with the Malaysian flag in the canton.
	1968 onwards	Naval ensign of the Royal Malaysian Navy	A white field defaced with blue crossed kris and anchor, with the Malaysian flag in the canton.
		Standard of the Chief of Royal Malaysian Navy	A white field defaced with blue crossed kris and anchor at the centre with four blue stars at each edge.
	1963 – 1968	Naval ensign of the Royal Malaysian Navy	St. George's cross on a white field with the Malaysian flag in the canton.
	1957 – 1963	Naval ensign of the Royal Malayan Navy	St. George's cross on a white field with the Malayan flag in the canton.
	1963 onwards	Commissioning pennant of the Malaysian Navy

Law Enforcement Flags

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	1948 – present	Flag of the Royal Malaysian Police	Dark blue field with the crest of the Royal Malaysian Police.
	2005–present	Ensign of the Malaysian Coast Guard	A blue field defaced with the Crest of the Malaysian Coast Guard, with the Malaysian flag in the canton.

Historical

National flag

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	1950-1963	Flag of the Federation of Malaya	Eleven alternating red and white stripes with a dark blue rectangle, containing a gold crescent and 11-pointed star in the canton.
		Flag of the Federation of Malaya (Banner display)	Eleven vertical stripes alternating red and white; in the canton, a yellow crescent and 11-point star on a blue field.
	1957-1963	Civil Ensign of the Federation of Malaya	A red field with the Flag of Malaya in a blue-fimbriated canton.

Sultanate flags

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	15th century – 1888	Flag of the Bruneian Empire, which once ruled most of the island of Borneo until Seludong (present-day Manila) and Banjarmasin in Kalimantan	A plain yellow flag.
	16th – 18th centuries	Flag of the Sultanate of Sulu, which once ruled the eastern part of Sabah after the territory been given by the Sultanate of Brunei after they sent help to settling a civil war in Brunei, although this was denied as supported by a number of old resources. [3]	White flag with a black bordure charged with a black emblem. The emblem represented the Sultanate of Sulu identity.
			Red flag with a thin blue-white band on the hoist charged with a white emblem.
	17th century	Flag of the Sultanate of Mataram, which once ruled the southern part of Sarawak	Red flag with a white bordure on the chief, fly, and base, charged with a white crescent on the hoist and two white-blue crossed krisses on the fly.
	17th century	Flag of the Sultanate of Aceh, which once ruled the northern part of the island of Sumatra and certain parts of the Malay Peninsula.	Red flag charged with a white crescent and star atop a sword pointing towards the fly.
	18th century – 1821	Flag of the Sultanate of Kedah	A plain red flag.
	1821 – 1912		Red flag charged with a pouncing tiger.
	1731–1881	Flag of the Sultanate of Bulungan, the area of Tawau in Sabah was under the influence of this Sultanate	Blue-yellow-black horizontal tricolour. Represented the Bulungan identity.
	1853–1887	The flag of the Pahang Kingdom under Bendahara dynasty.	A plain black flag. Black flag represented the colour of the Bendahara.
	1887–1903	The flag of the Pahang Sultanate.	Black flag with a thin white band at its hoist. Black represented the colour of the Bendahara, while white represented the ruling Sultan.
	1903–1957	Naval jack of the Pahang Sultanate.	White and black diagonally quadrisectioned flag.
	1699	Flag of the Johor Sultanate	A plain white flag. This flag was used by multiple Malay sultanates at the same time.
	18th century – 1912	Flag of the Kelantan Sultanate
	18th century – 1879	Flag of the Perak Sultanate
	1855–1865	Flag of the Johor Sultanate	Black flag with a white canton.
	1865–1871		Black flag with a red canton, charged with a white saltire.
	1784–1875	Flag of the Selangor Sultanate	Yellow flag with two red bands at the chief and base.
	1875–1965		Red and yellow horizontally quadrisectioned flag, charged with a yellow crescent and star on the upper hoist.
	1912–1923	Flag of the Kelantan Sultanate	White flag with a blue bordure at the hoist, chief, and fly, charged with a blue boat, on top of which lies a scripture stylised as a feline. The scripture is written in Jawi script, with the tip of the tail writing "کراجاءن کلنتن" (Kelantanese Government), and the main body containing two passages from the Qur'an, an excerpt of the 13th verse of the 61st chapter, As-Saff "نصر من الله وفتح قىيب" (Help from Allah, and a speedy victory).
	1912–1933	Flag of the Terengganu Sultanate	Black flag with a white band at its hoist.
	1933–1953		Black flag with a white band at its hoist, charged with an upwards white crescent and star on the chief of the black field.
		Government flag of the Terengganu Sultanate	Black flag with a white band at its hoist, charged with an upwards black crescent and star on the chief of the hoist band and white saltire on the black field.

State flags

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	1957 – 1965	One of the alternative flags of the state of Penang	Similar with the current flag except with a blue and white breakwater.
	1973 – 1988	Flag of the state of Sarawak	Red and white horizontal bicolour flag with a blue chevron.
	1963 – 1982	Flag of the state of Sabah	Four equal horizontal bands of red, white, yellow and blue, with a green canton, charged with a brown silhouette of Mount Kinabalu.
	1982 – 1988		Blue and white horizontal bicolour flag with a red chevron.
	1959–1965	Flag of the state of Singapore as a British Self-governing Colony (1959–1963) and as part of Malaysia (1963–1965)	A horizontal bicolour of red over white, charged in white in the canton with a crescent facing, towards the fly, a pentagon of five stars.

Colonial and other national flags

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
	1511-1521	Flag of Portuguese Malacca
	1521-1578
	1578-1640
	1640-1641
	1641-1795	Flag of Dutch Malacca
	1652-1672
	1795-1801	Flag of Kingdom of Great Britain
	1801-1818 1824-1957	Flag of United Kingdom
	1818-1824	Flag of Dutch Malacca
	1896–1946	Flag of the Federated Malay States	Four equal horizontal bands of white, red, yellow, and black, charged with a white ellipse defaced with a running tiger.
	1946–1948	Flag of the Malayan Union
	1948–1950	Flag of the Federation of Malaya
	1895–1946	Naval ensign of the Federated Malay States	White-black-yellow-red diagonally quadrisectioned flag. This flag was also used as the ensign for the battleship HMS Malaya.
	1902–1946	Flag of North Borneo	A blue ensign defaced with the badge of North Borneo Chartered Company.
		Civil ensign of North Borneo	A red ensign defaced with the badge of North Borneo Chartered Company.
	1948–1963	Flag of Crown Colony of North Borneo	After World War II North Borneo becomes a crown colony. A blue ensign was adopted with the new badge instead that of North Borneo Company.
	1912–1946	Flag of the Crown Colony of Labuan	A blue ensign defaced with a ship.
	1944 ‒ 1945	Flag of the Malayan Volunteer Army under the Japanese Occupation	Blue flag with a red canton charged with two white crossed krisses.
	1944 ‒ 1945		Blue flag with a red canton charged with two white crossed krisses, and a smaller white lower hoist canton charged with regimental lettering. The lettering reads "マライ義勇軍" (romanised: Marai Giyūgun).
	1948–1952	Flag of the Crown Colony of Singapore	A blue ensign defaced with a white disc containing a crown within a red inverted pall.
	1952–1959		A blue ensign defaced with a white disc containing a crown within a red inverted pall.
	1949–1952	Flag of the Crown Colony of Penang	A blue ensign defaced with the pre-1985 lesser arms of Penang.
	1952–1957		Flag badge depicting the areca nut palm tree leaved and fructed proper on a mound with a wreath of the colours of the settlement arms adopted on 16 June 1952 by the Settlement Council. [4]
	1951–1957	Flag of the Crown Colony of Malacca	A blue ensign defaced with A Famosa motif.

Proposed Flags

Flag	Use	Description
	Proposed republican flag of Malaya. Known as Sang Saka Malaya.	Red and white horizontal bicolour flag charged with twelve yellow stars on the upper hoist.
	First proposed flag of Malaya.	Blue flag charged with two red crorssed krisses surrounded by 11 white stars.
	Second proposed flag of Malaya.	Blue flag charged with two red crossed krisses surrounded by five white stars which is surrounded by six white stars.
	Third proposed flag of Malaya.	11 alternating blue and white stripes with a red canton, charged with a white crescent and star.

Political flags

Flag	Date (century)	Use	Description
Current
Link to file	2021–present	People's Power Party
	2020–present	Homeland Fighter's Party	Turquoise flag charged with the party logo atop its name in white.
	2020–present	Gabungan Rakyat Sabah	White flag charged with a light blue figure resembling Mount Kinabalu atop its abbreviated name in blue, red, and light blue.
	2020–present	Malaysian United Democratic Alliance	Black flag charged with its name in white.
	2019–present	Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia	Yellow flag charged with the party logo atop its name in red.
	2019–present	Malaysian Advancement Party
	2017–present	Malaysian United Indigenous Party	Red flag charged with the party logo in white.
	2016–present	Youth Front Party
	2016–present	Sabah People's Hope Party
	2015–present	Pakatan Harapan	Red flag charged with the party logo in white.
	2015–present	National Trust Party	Orange flag charged with the party logo in white.
Link to file	2014–present	Parti Sarawak Bersatu
Link to file	2013–present	United Sabah National Organisation
Link to file	2013–present	Love Sabah Party
Link to file	2013–present	Sabah Nationality Party
	2013–present	Malaysian Indian Justice Party
Link to file	2013–present	Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah
Link to file	2013–present	Sabah Native Co-operation Party
	2013–present	Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah
	2013–present	Sabah National People's Unity Organisation
Link to file	2011–present	Malaysian United People's Party
Link to file	2009–present	Love Malaysia Party
Link to file	2007–present	Malaysian Indian United Party
	1999–present	People's Justice Party	Light blue flag with two red bands on the hoist and fly charged with a white symbol resembling two crescents facing each other.
	1998–present	Socialist Party of Malaysia
	1994–present	United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation
	1994–present	Sabah Progressive Party
	1989–present	Liberal Democratic Party
Link to file	1986–present	Punjabi Party of Malaysia
Link to file	1985–present	United Sabah Party
	2020–present	Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front	Burgundy flag charged with a stylised white star.
	1977-2020		Green flag charged with a white star.
	1976–present	Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress
Link to file	1973–present	Barisan Nasional
	1968–present	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia
	1965–present	Democratic Action Party	White flag charged with a blue circle and red rocket.
	1955–present	Malaysian Islamic Party	Red and white horizontal bicolour flag charged with a green disc on the upper hoist.
	1955–present	Parti Rakyat Malaysia
	1949–present	Malaysian Chinese Association	Blue flag charged with a yellow federal star.
	1946–present	United Malays National Organisation	Red and white horizontal bicolour flag charged with a yellow disc defaced with a green kris.
	1946–present	Malaysian Indian Congress
Former
	1996-2020	Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak
	1989-1996	Parti Melayu Semangat 46	Yellow flag charged with a white disc defaced with a green text writing "46" at the centre of the field, and charged with two green crossed krisses on the upper hoist.
Link to file	1989-2001	People's Justice Front
Link to file	1978-2008	United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation
Link to file	1975-1991	Sabah People's United Front
	1962-1990	North Kalimantan Communist Party
		Sarawak People's Guerilla Force
	1957-1973	Alliance Party	Blue flag charged with a white boat.
	1945-1948	Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya	Red and white horizontal bicolour flag charged with twelve yellow stars on the upper hoist. Known as the "Sang Saka Malaya," it is commonly associated with the republican‐independence movements in Malaysia, [5] [6] and to an extent, the leftwing movements. [7] [8]
	1938-1945	Kesatuan Melayu Muda	Red and white horizontal bicolour flag. Known as the "sang saka," precursor to the "Sang Saka Malaya", it was used to represent an independent Malaysia before the Malaysian flag was eventually chosen. [9] It was based on the flag of the Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya, which in turn is based on the flag of Indonesia. [10]
	1930-1989	Malayan Communist Party

University flags

	1962–present	Flag of the University of Malaya	Public university established in 1905, serves as the banner of arms of the university but with the ratio of 2:1
	1984–present	Flag of the International Islamic University Malaysia	Turquoise flag charged with the university emblem in gold, black, and white.
	1984–present	Flag of the Northern University of Malaysia	Light blue flag charged with the university emblem. Public university established in 1984. Minor changes were done prior to the redesign of the university emblem.
	2006–present	Flag of the National Defence University of Malaysia	Public university established in 2006. Similar to the tricolour of the Armed Forces of Malaysia but with the university seal on top.

See also

• Armorial of Malaysia

References

1. "Wilayah Persekutuan". Archived from the original on 27 February 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
2. "#Edisi merdeka: tahukah anda susunan keutamaan bendera di malaysia?". Majlis Keselamatan Negara. 9 August 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
3. Rozan Yunos (7 March 2013). "Sabah and the Sulu claims". The Brunei Times . Archived from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
4. "NewspaperSG". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
5. "Tindakan kibar bendera 'Sang Saka Malaya' mahu tukar Malaysia kepada republik?". Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
6. Tempo.co (10 August 2018). "Bendera Kita Pernah Sama". Tempo. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
7. Zulaikha Zulkifli (1 January 2013). "'Bendera Rakyat' berkibar di Dataran". MalaysiaKini.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
8. Lim, Ida (17 September 2013). "Who's afraid of the Sang Saka Malaya?". Malay Mail. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
9. Munisamy, Saminathan. "Sang Saka Merah Putih and Malayan Representatives at Asian Relations Conference Delhi 25th March to 2nd April 1947" . Retrieved 9 December 2023.
10. Sani, Rustam (2008). Social Roots of the Malay Left. SIRD. pp. 29–30. ISBN   978-9833782444.

Flag dates published references

• (Ben Cahoon) Malay States on worldstatesmen.org

External links

• Malaysia at Flags of the World
• Information on the Flag of Malaysia Archived 21 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine at the Malaysian Ministry of Information, Communication and Culture - Department of Information (in Malay)