National flags
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1954–present | National flag of Somalia and the flag for several Somali republics | A single white five-pointed star centered on a blue field. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] |
This is a list of flags of entities named related to Somalia.
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| | 1954–present | National flag of Somalia and the flag for several Somali republics | A single white five-pointed star centered on a blue field. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 2002–2006, 2014–present | Flag of South-West State | Somalia's flag juxtaposed with a red diagonal line in the middle and a green background with 6 stars bottom right. |
 | 2002 | Flag of the South West State | |
 | 2014 | Flag of the South West State | [10] |
 | 2015–present | Flag of Galmudug State | White chevron bearing two green stars facing horizontally on a light blue field bearing a white star on the right side. |
 | 2006–2009 | Flag of Galmudug State | Same as Somalia's national flag. |
 | 2009–2010 | Flag of Galmudug State | [11] |
 | 2010–2015 | Flag of Galmudug State | [12] [13] |
 | 2009– | Flag of Puntland State | A horizontal tricolor of blue, white and green with a white star at the top. [14] [15] |
| | –2009 | Flag of Puntland State | Same as Somalia's national flag. |
 | 2012–2017 2023–present | Flag of Khatumo State | [16] |
 | 2013–present | Flag of Jubaland State | [17] |
 | Flag of Hirshabelle State | [18] | |
 | 2008–2015 | Flag of Himan and Heeb State | |
 | Flag of Banadir State, coextensive with Mogadishu | [19] | |
 | 2007–2008 | Flag of Maakhir State, a quasi-state | |
 | 2008–2009 | Flag of Maakhir State | [20] |
 | Flag of the unrecognised Jubba Valley State | [21] | |
 | Flag of the unrecognised Raas Caseyr State | [22] |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1998–present | Flag of Gedo Region | [23] [ verification needed ] |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1998–1999 | Flag of Jubaland | [24] |
 | 1996–present | Flag of the Republic of Somaliland | [25] [26] [27] [28] |
 | Flag of the Republic of Azania | [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of the Somali Armed Forces | [37] |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Flag of the Somali Police Force | A blue banner with the logo of the Somali Police Force, centered. |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1984–present | Flag of the Ogaden National Liberation Front | [38] |
 | 2011–present | Flag of the Somali Labour Party | |
 | Flag of the Somali Youth League | [39] | |
 | 1981–1991 | Flag of the Somali National Movement | |
 | 1991–present | Flag of Ahlu Sunnah Waljamaca |
The following are the flags historically used in the territory of present-day Somalia: [40]
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 13th century–17th century | Flag of the Ajuran Empire | A bicoloured pennon of red and yellow with a white crescent moon off-centred toward the hoist. |
 | 17th century–19th century | Flag of the Hiraab Imamate | A swallowtailed bicoloured banner of red and blue with 2 white crescent moons. |
 | 1415–1577 | Flag of the Adal Sultanate | A vertical tricolour of white, red and white with a crescent moon in each stripe. |
 | 1559–1793 | Flag of the Ottoman Empire | Red field with a Green Disc in the center and 3 golden crescent moons inside the disc. |
 | 1700–1856 | Flag of the Omani Empire | A White Field with red arabic script above and a red sword pointed to the right. |
 | 1700s–1884 | Religious banner of the Isaaq Sultanate derived from an Adal Sultanate flag | |
 | 1793–1844 | Flag of the Ottoman Empire | A Red Field with a white crescent moon and a 8-pointed star. |
 | 1844–1884 | Flag of the Ottoman Empire | A Red Field with a white crescent moon and a 5-pointed star. |
 | 1874–1881 | Flag of the Khedivate of Egypt | Red flag with a white crescent, containing three five-pointed white stars. |
 | 1881–1884 | Flag of the Khedivate of Egypt | A Red Field with a Crescent moon and a 6-pointed star. |
 | 1896–1925 | Flag of the Dervish State | A blue field with a red square border in the center and a red square inside of it, bordered with red. |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 1889–1941 | Flag of Italian Somaliland | An Italian tricolour with Savoy shield and Royal crown in the middle. |
 | 1941–1950 | Flag of Italian Somaliland under British occupation | A superimposition of the flags of England and Scotland with the Saint Patrick's Saltire (representing Ireland). |
 | 1950–1960 | Official flag of Trust Territory of Somaliland | A tricolour featuring three equally sized vertical pales of green, white and red. |
 | 1950–1960 | flag of the UN | |
| | 1954–1960 | Co-official/secondary flag of Trust Territory of Somaliland |
| Flag | Duration | Use | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| | 1884–1903 | Flag of the United Kingdom used in British Somaliland | A superimposition of the flags of England and Scotland with the Saint Patrick's Saltire (representing Ireland). |
 | 1884–1898 | Flag of the British Raj used in British Somaliland | A Red Ensign with the Union Jack at the canton, defaced with the Star of India emblem displayed in the fly. |
 | 1903–1950 | Flag of British Somaliland | |
 | 1950–1952 | Flag of British Somaliland | |
 | 1952–1960 | Flag of British Somaliland | |
 | 1960 | Flag of the State of Somaliland |
Sanag is an administrative region (gobol) in north eastern Somaliland. Sanaag has a long coastline facing the Gulf of Aden to the north, and is bordered by the region of Sahil to the west, Sool to the south and Somalia to the east. The region is disputed by the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and Puntland, a Federal Member State of Somalia. Its capital city is Erigavo. Sanaag is the largest region of Somaliland, accounting for 35% of Somaliland's total land area.
Puntland, officially the Puntland State of Somalia, is a Federal Member State in northeastern Somalia. The capital city is the city of Garoowe in the Nugal region, and its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 1998. Geographically to the west, Puntland lays claim to the intra-46th meridian territories that were outside European colonial rule during parts of the Scramble for Africa period.
The flag of Somalia, also known as the Somali flag, was adopted on October 12, 1954, and was designed by Mohammed Awale Liban. The flag was initially used within the Trust Territory of Somaliland before being adopted by the short-lived State of Somaliland and the Somali Republic. It is an ethnic flag for the Somali people; the flag's five-pointed star represents the five regions in which Somalis reside.
Somalia is a federal republic consisting of six federal states and one interim administration. Somalia is further subdivided into 18 administrative regions, which are in turn subdivided into districts. One region, Banaadir, is not part of any state.
Greater Somalia is an irredentist concept to unite all ethnic Somalis comprising the regions in or near the Horn of Africa in which ethnic Somalis live and have historically inhabited. The territory historically encompassed British Jubaland Province, British Somaliland, Italian Somaliland, parts of French Somaliland, the Somali Region in Ethiopia, the Northern Frontier District in Kenya, and the intra-46th meridian east territories. At the present, it encompasses Somalia proper, Jubaland, southern and eastern Djibouti, the Somali Region, Harar, and Dire Dawa in Ethiopia, and the Garissa, Wajir and Mandera Counties in Kenya. A few sources even included the islands of Socotra, Abd al Kuri, Samhah, Darsah, Sabuniyah and the Ka'l Fir'awn islands in Yemen's Socotra Archipelago.
The following is an index of Somalia-related articles.
Following the civil war and the ensuing societal chaos, some factions managed to exert a degree of authority over certain regions of Somalia where they maintained broad, clan-based support. This allowed these factions to establish working administrations and eventually coherent states, and restored order to their regions. This occurred first in Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Galmudug, Jubaland and finally Banadir.
Badhan, also known as Baran is a city in the Sanaag region of Puntland state of Somalia.
The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is a territorial dispute over the provinces of Sool, Sanaag and the Buuhoodle district of Togdheer region between the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and the Puntland state of Somalia.
The current flag of Galmudug was adopted on 17 June 2015.
Dhahar is a town in the eastern Sanaag region, and the capital of the Dhahar District. Reuters reports Dhahar as a Puntland town in 2021, but also reports how it condemns President Puntland and supports President Somalia. Somali Broadcasting Corporation reports in 2019 that Dhahar is a town effectively controlled by Somaliland. One Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, an NHS Foundation Trust in England, researcher describes Dhahar as a district in Puntland in 2014.
Capital punishment is a legal criminal penalty in Somalia, a nation in East Africa. Legally sanctioned executions of the death penalty in Somalia are carried out by shooting, in accordance with the 1962 Somali Penal Code and the Military Penal Code. Sharia and Islamic tribunals are recognised in Somalia in parallel with the civil law: these would have the authority to order execution by other means, such as beheading and stoning. Since at least the start of the 21st century, all executions by such methods have been applied ad-hoc, without official sanction, by non-state insurgent militias, in the context of an unstable government, and the ongoing civil war. A number of these extrajudicial executions have violated sharia legal principles and appear to have a conflict-related tactical aim of inciting fear amongst civilians. Both officially sanctioned and extrajudicial executions by firing squad often occur in public.
Azania, officially the Republic of Azania, was a self-proclaimed autonomous state of Jubaland in southern Somalia that existed from 2011 to 2013. A group of Somali politicians proclaimed the creation of Azania on 3 April 2011 in Nairobi, with Mohamed Abdi Mohamed as its President. The state's main intentions were to contest al-Shabaab, which largely controlled Jubaland.
Jubaland, the Juba Valley or Azania, is a Federal Member State in southern Somalia. Its eastern border lies 40–60 km (25–35 mi) east of the Jubba River, stretching from Gedo to the Indian Ocean, while its western side flanks the North Eastern Province in Kenya, which was carved out of Jubaland during the colonial period.
Garad Saleban Garad Mohamed was a Somali clan leader. He was the supreme Garad of the Mohamoud Garad and the second most senior traditional leader of the Dhulbahante clan.
Tukaraq is a small town in the eastern Sool region of Somalia. The town is located on the road between Las Anod and Garowe in Las Anod District. Khatumo State has had effective control there since 2023, but Puntland also has a territorial claim.
The flag of Azania is the state flag of Azania, an autonomous region in southwestern Somalia. The flag of Azania was similar to the one that previously existed in Russia from 1991 to 1993. It differed only in the aspect ratio, 2:3 instead of 1:2.
Jubaland has had a wide array of flags in its modern history, ranging from that during its British East Africa Province of Jubaland era, during the transitionary Trans-juba period of Jubaland, as well as the current Jubaland's federal state flag.
Puntland, ,, officially the Puntland State of Somalia, Arabic: ولاية أرض البنط الصومالية), is a Federal Member State in northeastern Somalia. The capital city is the city of Garowe in the Nugal region, and its leaders declared the territory an autonomous state in 1998. Geographically to the west, Puntland lays claim to the intra-46th meridian territories that were outside European colonial rule during parts of the Scramble for Africa period.