This article needs additional citations for verification .(December 2024) |
The following is a list of flags used in Syria.
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1920 | Flag of the Arab Kingdom of Syria | Tricolor consisting of black, green and white stripes with a red triangle and a seven-pointed star. 1:2 ratio. | |
1920–1922 | Flag of the Mandate of Syria | Sky blue field charged with a crescent moon at its centre and the flag of France in the upper hoist | |
1922–1930 | Flag of the Syrian Federation (1922–1925) and the State of Syria (1925–1930) | Green, white, green triband with the flag of France in the upper hoist | |
1930–1958 | Flag of the First Syrian Republic (1930–1950) and the Second Syrian Republic | Tricolor consisting of green, white and black stripes with three red stars in the centre white stripe. 1:2 ratio. | |
1958–1961 | Flag of the United Arab Republic | Tricolor consisting of red, white and black stripes with two green stars in the centre white stripe representing the union of Syria and Egypt. 2:3 ratio. | |
1961–1963 | Flag of the Syrian Arab Republic | Reversion to 1930 design. | |
1963–1972 | Flag of the Syrian Arab Republic | Tricolor consisting of red, white and black stripes with three green stars in the centre white stripe. 1:2 ratio. | |
1972–1980 | Flag of Syria in the Federation of Arab Republics | Tricolor consisting of red, white and black stripes with a golden Hawk of Quraish in the centre white stripe. 2:3 ratio. Flag shared with Egypt and Libya. | |
1980–2024 | Flag of the Syrian Arab Republic | Reversion to 1958 design. | |
2024–present | Flag of the Syrian Arab Republic | Reversion to 1930 design but with 2:3 ratio. |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1963–2024 | Flag of the Ba'ath Party | A black, white and green triband with a red triangle at the hoist | |
2024 | Alongside the independence flag, a white Tawhid flag was used during the early days of the Syrian Transitional Government |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1920–1925 | Flag of the State of Aleppo | ||
1920–1925 | Flag of the State of Damascus | ||
1920–1936 | Flag of the Alawite State | ||
1921–1924 | Flag of the Jabal Druze State | ||
1924–1936 | Flag of the Jabal Druze State | ||
1921–1936 | Civil flag of the Jabal Druze State |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1938–1939 | Flag of the independent Hatay State |
Since 1980, Syria has not had a presidential flag.
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1941–1958, 1961–1963 | Presidential flag of Syria | A horizontal tricolour of dark green, white and black with 3 red stars. [1] | |
1958–1961 | Presidential flag of the United Arab Republic | A horizontal tricolour of red, white and black with 2 dark green stars. The coloured emblem of the United Arab Republic is at the top-left hoist. | |
1963–1972 | Presidential flag of Syria | A horizontal tricolour of red, white and black with 3 dark green stars. [1] [2] | |
1972–1980 | Presidential flag of Syria | A horizontal tricolour of red, white and black with the emblem of Federation of Arab Republics. |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
?–present | Flag of the Jazira Region | ||
?–2024 | Flag of the Afrin Region |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1980–2024 | Flag of the Chief of the General Staff | ||
1980–2024 | Flag of the Ministry of Defense | ||
1946–2024 | Flag of Syrian Arab Armed Forces | Flag of Syria with the Coat of Arms of the Syrian Armed Forces in the top left hand corner. Across the top the flag says "Homeland Honor Devotion" (وطن شرف إخلاص), and "Syrian Arab Army" (الجيش العربي السوري) across the bottom. [3] [4] | |
1945–2024 | Flag of Syrian Army | Green background with the coat of arms of the army in the middle of center. [3] [4] | |
1950–2024 | Flag of Syrian Navy | Blue background with the coat of arms of the navy in the middle of center. [3] [4] | |
post-2007–2024 | Flag of Syrian Air Force | Turquoise background with their badge in the middle of the center. [3] [4] | |
Until 2024 | Flag of the National Defence Forces |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
post-2007–2024 | Flag of Syrian Air Force Ensign | Air force blue background with the Syrian flag to the top left hoist and the roundel of the air force at the middle of the center. [3] [4] |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
?–present | Flag of the Yazidis | Red and white vertical blocks with a yellow 24-pointed star. [5] | |
?–present | Flag used by Syrian Druze [6] [7] [8] | Five stripes of green, red, yellow, blue, white. | |
?–present | Flags used by Syrian Turkmens | Two-part, vertically divided field of azure or turquoise and white, with red crescent and star resembling that of Turkey. | |
?–present | |||
?–present | |||
?–present |
This section needs editing to comply with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. In particular, it has problems with MOS:COLHEAD.(December 2024) |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Pro-Assad | |||
2013–present | Flag of Sootoro | White background with the logo in the middle of center. | |
2011–present | Flag of Syrian Resistance | Red background with their insignia in the middle of center. | |
2012–present | Ceremonial flag of Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas | ||
2014–present | Flag of the Liwa Fatemiyoun | ||
Anti-Assad | |||
2013–Present | Flag of the Sultan Murad Brigade | A red background with golden Arabic text with a golden line separating two lines. [9] | |
2014–Present | Flag of the Sham Legion | White background with the logo in the middle of center. | |
2015–Present | Flag of Ajnad al-Kavkaz | ||
2017–Present | Flag of Tahrir al-Sham | ||
?–present | Flag of the National Front for Liberation | ||
2012–Present | Flag of Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar | ||
?–present | Flag of Imam Bukhari Jamaat | ||
?–present | Flag of Ahrar al-Sham | ||
2013–present | Alternate flag of the 21st Combined Force | ||
Former flag of the 21st Combined Force | |||
2013–present | Flag of the al-Moutasem Brigade | ||
2015—present | Flag of the Northern Division | ||
Anti-Assad (Former) | |||
2014–2018 | Flag of Harakat Sham al-Islam | Black background with a bent line with the crescent joint, under them is the shahada text with another Arabic text at the bottom. | |
early 2012–2015 | Flag of Liwaa al-Umma | Black background with the shahada text with a sword at the bottom of it with another Arabic text on the bottom of it. | |
2014–2015 | Flag of the Hazzm Movement | White background with the text shahada with two swords merged and one green Arabic text at the bottom. | |
2013–2014 | Administration flag of the Islamic Front | White background with the shahada text on top, then the logo on black at the bottom. | |
2013–2014 | War flag of the Islamic Front | Black background with the shahda text on top, then the logo at the bottom. | |
2012–2015 | Flag of the Knights of Justice Brigade | White background with red Arabic text on the top and bottom with a horse's head mixed with the old Syrian flag. | |
2013–2017 | Flag of Ajnad al-Sham | ||
2014–2017 | Flag of Jund al-Aqsa | ||
2014–2015 | Flag of the Unified Military Command of Eastern Ghouta | ||
2015‒2017 | A variant of the Syrian opposition flag used by Liwa Ahfad Saladin | rectangular flag divided horizontally into three stripes: green at the top, white in the middle, and black at the bottom. Centered on the white stripe are three red symbols spaced side by side: on the left is a cross, in the middle is a Kurdish Sun, and on the right is a crescent. | |
2014‒2015 | Flag of the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council | ||
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
10 October 2015–present | Flag of the Syrian Democratic Forces | ||
2011–present | Flag of the People's Defense Units | ||
2011–present | Flag of the YPG International | ||
April 2013–present | Flag of the Women's Protection Units | ||
2003–present | Flag of the Democratic Union Party | ||
2011–present | Flag of the Movement for a Democratic Society | ||
?–present | Flag of the Al-Sanadid Forces | ||
?–present | Flag of the Seljuk Brigade | ||
2014–2018 | Flag of Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa | ||
2013–present | Flag of the Syriac Military Council | ||
?–present | Flag of the Syriac Military Council | ||
2019–present | Flag of the Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade | ||
2019–present | Flag of the Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade | ||
?–present | Flag of the Manbij Military Council | ||
?–present | Flag of the Euphrates Liberation Brigade | ||
?–present | Flag of the Al-Bab Military Council | ||
?–present | Flag of the Jarabulus Military Council | ||
?–present | Flag of the Deir ez-Zor Military Council | ||
?–present | Flag of the Serê Kaniyê Military Council | ||
?–present | Flag of the Tal Abyad Military Council | ||
?–present | Flag of the Asayish | ||
?–present | Flag of the Self-Defense Forces (NES regions) | ||
?–present | Flag of the People's Defence Forces | ||
?–present | Flag of the Free Women's Units | ||
2014–2015 | Flag of the People's Liberation Faction | ||
?–present | Flag of the International Freedom Battalion | ||
2005–present | Flag of the Kurdistan Workers' Party | ||
?–present | Flag of the Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Turkey) | ||
?–present | Flag of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist | ||
?–present | Flag of the Liberation Army of the Workers and Peasants of Turkey | ||
?–present | Flag of the Maoist Communist Party (Turkey) | ||
?–present | Flag of the United Freedom Forces | ||
?–present | Flag of the Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit | ||
?–present | Flag of the Revolutionary Communard Party | ||
?–present | Flag of Türkiye Devrim Partisi | ||
?–present | Flag of Sosyal İsyan | ||
?–present | Flag of Kadın Özgürlük Gücü | ||
?–2017 | Flag of Devrimci Karargâh | ||
2014–present | Flag of the Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) | ||
?–present | Flag of the Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist | ||
?–present | Flag of the Revolutionary Communard Party/Birli | ||
?–present | Flag of the Revolutionary Union for Internationalist Solidarity | ||
?–2018 | Flag of the International Revolutionary People's Guerrilla Forces | ||
?–2018 | Flag of the Queer Insurrection and Liberation Army | ||
?–present | Flag of the Bob Crow Brigade | ||
2017–present | Flag of the Anarchist Struggle | ||
?–present | Flag of the Henri Krasucki Brigade |
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
---|---|---|---|
1986–present | Flag of Syrian Communist Party | Red background with the communist symbol. | |
2013–2024 | Flag of Arab Nationalist Guard | Black background with the emblem colors switched. | |
1947–present | Flag of Ba'ath Party | Black, white and green horizontal rectangles with a red flipped triangle to the left hoist. | |
2017–present | Flag of Democratic Union Party | White background with their emblem. | |
1932–present | Flag of Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Black background with their logo. | |
2015–present | Flag of Turkistan Islamic Party | Black background with the shahada text and Arabic text at the bottom. [10] | |
2000–2005 | Flag of Bethnahrin Freedom Party | Blue background with a 32-pointed yellow star and wheats crossed below it, below the wheats are Syriac Aramaic text and the text "GHB". On the top left hoist is a red shooting star. [11] [12] |
Since the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état, the various republican governments of Iraq have used a number of different flags, all featuring the pan-Arab colors of green, black, white, and red. The current official and internationally recognized flag of Iraq was adopted in 2008 as a temporary compromise, and consists of the three equal horizontal red, white, and black stripes of the Arab Liberation Flag, that was first used by Gamal Abdel Nasser during the Egyptian Revolution, with the takbīr written in green in the Kufic script that was originally added by Saddam Hussein following the Gulf War.
Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri was an Iraqi politician, army officer and field marshal. He served as Vice Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council until the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and was regarded as the closest advisor and deputy under President Saddam Hussein. He led the Iraqi resistance group Naqshbandi Army.
The national flag of Egypt is a tricolour consisting of the three equal horizontal red, white, and black bands of the Arab Liberation Flag that dates back to the 1952 Egyptian Revolution. The flag bears Egypt's national emblem, the Egyptian eagle of Saladin, centred in the white band.
Since gaining independence from France in 1946, Syria has used a number of different flags, all featuring the pan-Arab colors of green, black, white, and red. Initially a green, white and black triband charged with three red five-pointed stars, known as the Independence flag, was used. In Ba'athist Syria, this was replaced by the flag of the United Arab Republic with red, white and black tribands with either two or three green stars or charged with the national coat of arms. Following the fall of the Assad regime on 8 December 2024, the independence flag once again began to be used within the country by the Syrian parliament and the Syrian transitional government, and at Syrian embassies abroad.
Al-Hasakah is the capital city of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, in the northeastern corner of Syria. With a 2023 estimated population of 422,445 Al-Hasakah is predominantly populated by Arabs with large numbers of Kurds, Assyrians and a smaller number of Armenians and Chechens. Al-Hasakah is 80 kilometres south of the city of Qamishli. The Khabur River, a tributary of the Euphrates River, flows west–east through the city. The Jaghjagh River flows into the Khabur from the north at Al-Hasakah. The city is controlled by the AANES.
This is a broad timeline of the course of major events of the Syrian civil war. It only includes major territorial changes and attacks and does not include every event.
Al-Nusra Front, also known as Front for the Conquest of the Levant, was a Salafi-jihadist organization that fought against Syrian government forces in the Syrian Civil War. Its aim was to overthrow president Bashar al-Assad and establish an Islamic state ruled by Sharia law in Syria.
Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya, commonly referred to as Ahrar al-Sham, is a coalition of multiple Islamist units that coalesced into a single brigade and later a division in order to fight against the Syrian Government led by Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian Civil War. Ahrar al-Sham was led by Hassan Aboud until his death in 2014. In July 2013, Ahrar al-Sham had 10,000 to 20,000 fighters, which at the time made it the second most powerful unit fighting against al-Assad, after the Free Syrian Army. It was the principal organization operating under the umbrella of the Syrian Islamic Front and was a major component of the Islamic Front. With an estimated 20,000 fighters in 2015, Ahrar al-Sham became the largest rebel group in Syria after the Free Syrian Army became less powerful. Ahrar al-Sham and Jaysh al-Islam are the main rebel groups supported by Turkey. On 18 February 2018, Ahrar al-Sham merged with the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement to form the Syrian Liberation Front.
The National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces, commonly named the Syrian National Coalition (SNC), or the Syrian National Revolutionary Coalition (SNRC) is a political organization founded in Doha, Qatar, in November 2012 during the Syrian Civil War in an attempt to coalesce the various opposition movements to Bashar al-Assad's Ba'athist regime.
The Syrian Revolution, also known as the Syrian Revolution of Dignity and the Syrian Intifada, was a series of mass protests and civilian uprisings throughout Syria – with a subsequent violent reaction by Ba'athist Syria – lasting from February 2011 to December 2024 as part of the greater Arab Spring in the Arab world. The revolution, which demanded the end of the decades-long Assad family rule, began as minor demonstrations during January 2011 and transformed into large nation-wide protests in March. The uprising was marked by mass protests against the Ba'athist dictatorship of president Bashar al-Assad meeting police and military violence, massive arrests and a brutal crackdown, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths and tens of thousands wounded. 13 years after the start of the revolution, the Assad regime fell in 2024 after a series of rebel offensives.
The Authenticity and Development Front is an alliance of rebel groups that is active during the Syrian Civil War. The alliance is considered to be moderate by Charles Lister and the BBC.
Syrian Turkmen Brigades, also called the United Turkmen Army, are an informal armed opposition structure composed of Syrian Turkmen that form the military wing of the Syrian Turkmen Assembly, primarily fighting against the Syrian Armed Forces, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the Syrian Democratic Forces. They are aligned with the Syrian opposition and are heavily supported by Turkey, which provides funding and military training along with artillery and aerial support. The groups represent a wide spectrum of ideologies from Islamism to secular Turkish nationalism.
The Ajnad al-Sham was an independent Idlib and Hama-based rebel group active during the Syrian Civil War. The group is named after Ajnad al-Sham. It joined the Army of Conquest on 24 March 2015 and took part in the Second Battle of Idlib. On 29 March 2014, it announced that its military leader, Abu Abdullah Taoum, was killed during clashes around al-Fouaa.
Radwan Nammous, better known by his nom-de-guerre Abu Firas al-Suri, was a Syrian militant and former military officer who was a senior official in Al-Qaeda's Syrian affiliate Al-Nusra Front, serving as the group's spokesman.
The Sultan Murad Division is a Syrian Turkmen rebel group fighting in the Syrian Civil War. It is aligned with the Syrian Interim Government and heavily supported by Turkey, who provides funding and military training along with artillery and aerial support. It is the most notable group among Syrian Turkmen Brigades also supported by Turkey.
The northern al-Bab offensive was a military offensive and part of the third phase of Operation Euphrates Shield launched by the Turkish Armed Forces and factions from the Free Syrian Army and allied groups, with the goal of capturing the city of al-Bab located north of Aleppo from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
The 2016 Dabiq offensive was a military offensive and part of the third phase of Operation Euphrates Shield launched by the Turkish Armed Forces and factions from the Free Syrian Army and allied groups, with the goal of capturing the town of Dabiq, north of Aleppo from Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). It began in September and resulted in the capture of Dabiq by Turkish/FSA-allied forces on 16 October.
The Syrian National Army, also known as the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (TFSA), is a coalition of armed Syrian opposition groups that participates in the Syrian civil war. Comprising various rebel factions that emerged at the start of the war in July 2011, it was officially established in 2017 under the auspices of Turkey, who provides funding, training, and military support.