Alliance of Hope | |
---|---|
Malay name | Pakatan Harapan ڤاكتن هارڤن |
Chinese name | 希望联盟 希望聯盟 |
Tamil name | நம்பிக்கை கூட்டணி |
Abbreviation | PH |
President | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail |
Chairman | Anwar Ibrahim |
Deputy President | |
Founded | 22 September 2015 |
Legalised | 16 May 2018 [1] |
Preceded by | Pakatan Rakyat |
Headquarters |
|
Newspaper |
|
Student wing | Pakatan Harapan Student Movement |
Youth wing | Pakatan Harapan Youth Movement [2] [3] |
Women's wing | Pakatan Harapan Youth Movement [2] [3] |
Ideology | |
Political position | Centre-left |
Colours | |
Dewan Negara | 15 / 70 |
Dewan Rakyat | 81 / 222 |
State Legislative Assemblies | 139 / 606 |
Chief minister of states | 3 / 13 |
Party flag | |
Website | |
pakatanharapan 2022 campaign website | |
This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of Malaysia |
---|
Alliance of Hope | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 希望聯盟 | ||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 希望联盟 | ||||||||||
|
The Alliance of Hope (Malay :Pakatan Harapan;abbrev:PH;stylized as HARAPAN) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been part of a "Unity Government" since November 2022 together with other political coalitions and parties as a result of the 2022 Malaysian general election,and previously for 22 months after it had won the 2018 Malaysian general election until February 2020 when it lost power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis at the federal level. The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 election,ending its 60-year-long reign (together with its predecessor,Alliance) since independence.
It is currently the largest coalition in the Dewan Rakyat with 81 seats. At the state level,it is the ruling coalition in 7 of the 13 states in the nation,Penang,Selangor,Negeri Sembilan,Perak,Pahang,Melaka and Sabah. It rules Penang,Perak,Pahang,Selangor,Negeri Sembilan and Melaka in coalition governments with Barisan Nasional (BN) and Sabah with Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) and BN. It is also a confidence and supply in the Johor state government led by BN. PH alone holds two-thirds majority in the state legislative assembly of Penang while PH and BN together hold two-thirds majorities in the state legislative assemblies of Negeri Sembilan and Melaka while PH,GRS and BN together hold two-thirds majority in the state legislative assembly of Sabah. [4]
The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party,People's Justice Party,National Trust Party,and United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation.
The coalition lost its majority in parliament and fell from power in February 2020 when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned after 22 months in office (compared to his 22 years as Prime Minister while with UMNO),and the Malaysian United Indigenous Party together with 11 members of parliament from the People's Justice Party left the coalition. [5] [6] [7]
After the 2022 general election that resulted in a hung parliament,the Alliance of Hope returned to power with a two-thirds majority,led by Prime Minister and PH Chairman Anwar Ibrahim,by forming a coalition government with National Front (BN),Sarawak Parties' Alliance (GPS),Sabah People's Alliance (GRS),Heritage Party (WARISAN),Malaysian People's Party (PBM),Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM),and independents. Meanwhile Muhyiddin Yassin's Perikatan Nasional declined to join the coalition,and took the role of the opposition,with 74 seats.
Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party,the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Pakatan Harapan was founded on 22 September 2015,two years after the 2013 general election,due to disagreements and conflicts between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the issue of the implementation of the sharia law,resulting in PAS splitting off from Pakatan Rakyat and the break-up of the coalition on 16 June 2015. [8] [9] The dissolution resulted in the formation of a new coalition named Pakatan Harapan,consisting the former Pakatan Rakyat parties,PKR and DAP,and a PAS split-off party,the National Trust Party. [10] [11]
On 12 November 2016,a United Malays National Organisation split-off party,the Malaysian United Indigenous Party,founded and led by former Malaysian Prime Minister,Mahathir Mohamad,confirmed that the party was committed to joining the opposition bloc Pakatan Harapan. [12] [13] Later,on 13 December,the party formed an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan, [14] and finally on 14 March 2017,BERSATU officially joined Pakatan Harapan as a member party. [15]
On 14 July 2017,the Presidential council line-up was confirmed. A common logo was also introduced with the word "Harapan" with the "A" shaped as a chevron in white on a red background. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election,but the use of the logo and registration of the coalition was denied by the Election Commission. [16] To pursue the coalition's plan to contest under a common logo,Pakatan announced that the PKR logo will be used by all component parties of the coalition as its election symbol in the elections, [17] excluding for DAP who chose to contest under their own party flag in Sabah and Sarawak. [18] [19] [20]
The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party for the 2018 general election. WARISAN's president,Shafie Apdal,promised that the party would be represented on the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power, [21] adding that through the electoral pact they will only co-operate with Pakatan as an ally,and not joining the pact as a component party since they will only contest in Sabah,not in Peninsular Malaysia. [22] In that election,Pakatan Harapan swept the election and formed the government in a surprise upset overturning the former ruling party UMNO's decades of uninterrupted rule,as the Malay vote was dissatisfied and mainly went to Amanah and popular former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's party Bersatu,while the Chinese vote was solidly behind parties like DAP and PKR. Following the surprise victory of Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN in the general election,the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation announced that they have left Barisan Nasional and will form a new Sabah state government with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan. [23] UPKO and WARISAN are currently both the allies for Pakatan Harapan since both parties are also allied towards each other's in Sabah. [24]
At the state level,due to 2018 general election results the coalition formed the government in the states of Kedah,Penang,Perak,Selangor,Malacca,Negeri Sembilan,Johor and Sabah. [note 1] Pakatan Harapan also forms a government with a two-thirds majority in the states of Penang,Selangor and Johor.
On 16 May 2018,the coalition was officially registered. [25] After winning the power in 2018,the coalition made some efforts in ensuring an independent trial for Najib's corruption charges,an independent anti-corruption commission,and repealing anti-fake news law. On the other hand,other issues such as decentralisation of powers to Sabah and Sarawak,educational reform,issues relating to indigenous people (orang asli),racial equality,and political patronage remained unchanged. Meanwhile,the Pakatan Harapan government was distracted by factional infighting. [26]
On 24 February 2020,Mahathir resigned as the Prime Minister. BERSATU which had 26 MPs,withdrew from the ruling Pakatan Harapan coalition. In addition,11 MPs from PKR resigned from the party to form an independent bloc. This left Pakatan Harapan with 37 seats short of the 112 seats needed to form a government. The surprise announcement came amid speculation that Mahathir was attempting to form a new ruling coalition that would exclude his designated successor Anwar Ibrahim. [5] [6] [7] However,Anwar later clarified to reporters that Mahathir did not orchestrate the act. These events also resulted in the number of Pakatan Harapan coalition member parties returning to the original three. [27]
At the state level,Pakatan Harapan lost control of Johor,Malacca,Perak and Kedah. A few PKR,DAP and AMANAH representatives in the state legislative assemblies quit their party and expressed support for the new Perikatan Nasional government in those four states. [28] [29] [30] [31] In the 2022 Malaysian general election,Pakatan Harapan won most Dewan Rakyat seats in Selangor,Johor,Penang,Perak,Melaka and Negeri Sembilan.In the states of Kelantan,Terengganu,Kedah and Perlis,most of the candidates are losing their 12.5% deposit and lose to Perikatan Nasional candidates with large margin. In the states legislative assemblies,Pakatan Harapan won 24 in Perak State Legislative Assembly,1 in Perlis State Legislative Assembly,and 8 in Pahang State Legislative Assembly.
Pakatan Harapan at the coalition level doesn't have any allegiance with political internationals. However,some of its component parties do,as PKR was recognized as an observer party of Liberal International while DAP co-founded the Progressive Alliance. In the aftermath of 15th general election,Anwar Ibrahim received congratulatory messages from the Ennahda Party of Tunisia. [32] The party previously was present at an event organised by AMANAH in 2015.
Flag | Name | Ideology | Position | Leader(s) | Seats contested | 2022 result | Current seats | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes (%) | Seats | Composition | ||||||||
Member parties | ||||||||||
PKR | People's Justice Party Parti Keadilan Rakyat | Liberal democracy Social liberalism | Centre-left | Anwar Ibrahim | 102 | 15.74% | 31 / 222 | 31 / 81 | ||
DAP | Democratic Action Party Parti Tindakan Demokratik | Social democracy Social liberalism | Centre-left | Anthony Loke Siew Fook | 55 | 15.61% | 40 / 222 | 40 / 81 | ||
AMANAH | National Trust Party Parti Amanah Negara | Progressivism Islamic modernism | Centre-left | Mohamad Sabu | 54 | 5.70% | 8 / 222 | 8 / 81 | ||
UPKO | United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu | Sabah regionalism | N/A | Ewon Benedick | 5 | 0.47% | 2 / 222 | 2 / 81 | ||
No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mahathir Mohamad (b. 1925) | 14 July 2017 | 24 February 2020 | 2 years,225 days | BERSATU | |
2 | Anwar Ibrahim (b. 1947) | 14 May 2020 | Incumbent | 3 years,340 days | PKR |
No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (b. 1952) | 14 July 2017 | Incumbent | 6 years,279 days | PKR |
No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Zuraida Kamaruddin (b. 1958) | 14 August 2017 | 24 February 2020 | 2 years,194 days | PKR | |
2 | Chong Eng (b. 1957) | 18 March 2021 | 12 September 2021 | 178 days | DAP | |
3 | Aiman Athirah Sabu (b. 1972) | 12 September 2021 | Incumbent | 2 years,219 days | AMANAH |
No. | Name (Birth–Death) | Portrait | Term of office | Time in office | Political party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad (b. 1982) | 31 October 2017 | 13 December 2018 | 1 year,43 days | PKR | |
2 | Syed Saddiq Syed Abdul Rahman (b. 1992) | 13 December 2018 | 24 February 2020 | 1 year,73 days | BERSATU | |
3 | Shazni Munir Mohd Ithnin (1987–2021) | 4 March 2021 | 6 August 2021 | 155 days | AMANAH | |
4 | Howard Lee Chuan How (b. 1983) | 12 September 2021 | 29 July 2022 | 320 days | DAP | |
5 | Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen (b. 1986) | 29 July 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year,264 days | DAP |
|}
Pakatan Harapan has 81 members in the House of Representatives .
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negeri Sembilan | Menteri Besar | Aminuddin Harun | PKR | Sikamat | |
Penang | Chief Minister | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | Padang Kota | |
Selangor | Menteri Besar | Amirudin Shari | PKR | Sungai Tua |
Pakatan Harapan also forms the state governments of Pahang, Perak, Melaka and Johor in coalition with Barisan Nasional, and the state government of Sabah in coalition with Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penang | Deputy Chief Minister I | Mohamad Abdul Hamid | PKR | Batu Maung | |
Penang | Deputy Chief Minister II | Jagdeep Singh Deo | DAP | Datok Keramat |
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Melaka | Deputy Speaker | Kerk Chee Yee | DAP | Ayer Keroh | |
Negeri Sembilan | Speaker | Mk Ibrahim Abdul Rahman | AMANAH | Non-MLA | |
Pahang | Deputy Speaker | Lee Chin Chen | DAP | Bilut | |
Penang | Speaker | Law Choo Kiang | PKR | Non-MLA | |
Penang | Deputy Speaker | Azrul Mahathir Aziz | AMANAH | Bayan Lepas | |
Perak | Deputy Speaker | Jenny Choy Tsi Jen | DAP | Canning | |
Selangor | Speaker | Lau Weng San | DAP | Non-MLA | |
Selangor | Deputy Speaker | Mohd Kamri Kamaruddin | PKR | Bukit Antarabangsa |
Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Voting Percentage | Outcome of election | Election leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 122 / 222 | 222 | 5,615,822 | 45.56% | 53 seats; Governing coalition (2018–2020) later Opposition coalition (2020–2022) | Mahathir Mohamad |
2022 | 82 / 222 | 220 | 5,801,327 | 37.46% | 40 seats; Governing coalition with Barisan Nasional, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Gabungan Rakyat Sabah and Parti Warisan | Anwar Ibrahim |
State election | State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perlis | Kedah | Kelantan | Terengganu | Penang | Perak | Pahang | Selangor | Negeri Sembilan | Malacca | Johor | Sabah | Sarawak | Total won / Total contested | |
2/3 majority | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | |
2016 | 10 / 82 | |||||||||||||
2018 | 3 / 15 | 18 / 36 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 32 | 37 / 40 | 29 / 59 | 9 / 42 | 51 / 56 | 20 / 36 | 15 / 28 | 36 / 56 | 29 / 60 | 241 / 587 | |
2020 | 32 / 73 | |||||||||||||
2021 | 5 / 28 | 5 / 28 | ||||||||||||
2021 | 2 / 82 | 2 / 62 | ||||||||||||
2022 | 12 / 56 | 12 / 50 | ||||||||||||
2022 | 1 / 15 | 24 / 59 | 8 / 42 | 33 / 115 | ||||||||||
2023 | 3 / 36 | 1 / 45 | 0 / 32 | 27 / 40 | 32 / 56 | 17 / 36 | 80 / 137 |
The National Front is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats.
The Democratic Action Party is a centre-left social democratic political party in Malaysia. As one of four component parties of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition, it formed the federal government after defeating Barisan Nasional (BN) in the 2018 Malaysian general election, ending the party's 53 year-long stay in the opposition. However, before the coalition finished its first term, defections from partnering parties caused it to lose power after 22 months, culminating in the 2020 Malaysian political crisis. At the 2022 Malaysian general election, the PH coalition which the DAP was part of was returned to power again, albeit without a majority, leading it to form a unity government with political rivals.
The People's Justice Party ; often known simply as KEADILAN or PKR, is a reformist political party in Malaysia formed on 3 August 2003 through a merger of the party's predecessor, the National Justice Party, with the socialist Malaysian People's Party. The party's predecessor was founded by Wan Azizah Wan Ismail during the height of the Reformasi movement on 4 April 1999 after the arrest of her husband, former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim. The party is one of main partners of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition.
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 2010, together with the deaths of notable Malaysians. Malaysia Day, 16 September was celebrated as a national holiday for the first time.
General elections were held in Malaysia on Wednesday, 9 May 2018. At stake were all 222 seats in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of parliament. The 13th Parliament was dissolved by Prime Minister Najib Razak on 7 April 2018. It would have been automatically dissolved on 24 June 2018, five years after the first meeting of the first session of the 13th Parliament of Malaysia on 24 June 2013.
The Malaysian United Indigenous Party, abbreviated BERSATU or PPBM, is a nationalist political party in Malaysia. The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia. It is a major component party within the Perikatan Nasional coalition. BERSATU was approved and registered on 14 January 2017 by the Registrar of Societies (ROS) and the use of the BERSATU logo was authorized by the Malaysian Election Commission (SPR). The party held the Prime Ministerial position as well as the majority of positions in the cabinet from May 2020 to August 2021. The party's founding members came from the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and Barisan Nasional rebel group Gabungan Ketua Cawangan Malaysia in 2016.
The Heritage Party is a multi-racial political party in Malaysia which was rebranded and renamed from the Sabah Heritage Party, a Sabah-based party led by Shafie Apdal formed earlier on 17 October 2016 after its expansion into national level politics at the end of 2021.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 14th Parliament of Malaysia.
General elections were held in Malaysia on Saturday, 19 November 2022. The prospect of snap elections had been considered high due to the political crisis that had been ongoing since 2020; political instability caused by coalition or party switching among members of Parliament, combined with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to the resignation of two prime ministers and the collapse of each of their respective coalition governments since the 2018 general elections.
The United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation is a multiracial political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. The party was rebranded from its previous party's name, United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation using the same UPKO acronym; which was a widely known Kadazan-Dusun-Murut based party in 2019. The party had earlier been renamed once before in 1999 from its initial 1994 formation name of Sabah Democratic Party. In August 2021, UPKO has officially joined the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition as a component party.
Events in the year 2020 in Malaysia.
The 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis was triggered after several Members of Parliament (MPs) of the 14th Malaysian Parliament changed party support, leading to the loss of a parliamentary majority, the collapse of two successive coalition governments, and the resignation of two Prime Ministers. The political crisis culminated in a 2022 snap general election and eventual formation of a coalition government.
The National Alliance is a political coalition composed of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, Malaysian Islamic Party, Malaysian People's Movement Party and Sabah Progressive Party. This coalition was preceded by the Malaysian Party Alliance Association, also known as the Persatuan Perikatan Parti Malaysia (PPPM). It is the second largest political coalition in Dewan Rakyat with 74 seats after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 81 seats; dubbed as the "Green Wave".
The 2022 Johor state election, formally the 15th Johor general election, took place on 12 March 2022. The election was to elect 56 members of the 15th Johor State Legislative Assembly. The previous assembly was dissolved on 22 January 2022.
The 15th Selangor state election were held on 12 August 2023 to elect the State Assembly members of the 15th Selangor State Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Malaysian state of Selangor.
The Anwar Ibrahim cabinet is the current federal cabinet of Malaysia, formed on 3 December 2022, nine days after Anwar Ibrahim took office as the 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia. The composition of the cabinet was announced by Anwar a day earlier on 2 December 2022, consisting of most of the political coalitions and parties represented in the 15th Parliament. Although Perikatan Nasional (PN) was also invited to join the government, it decided to decline the invitation and instead formed the opposition. The government is often referred to as "unity government".
State elections in 2023 were held in Selangor, Kelantan, Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Penang on 12 August 2023, following the dissolution of their state assemblies between 22 June and 1 July 2023.
The 15th Penang state election was held on 12 August 2023 to elect the State Assembly members of the 15th Penang State Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Malaysian state of Penang.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)In a press conference at Parliament lobby on Thursday, Lim Guan Eng however said the change will only be for peninsula in the polls and the four parties will not use the common Pakatan Harapan logo in Sabah and Sarawak for GE14 election campaign. They're different because they have autonomy. So we respect this and they can use the DAP rocket logo.
This was a big decision for us, to be able to exercise our autonomy and decide for ourselves. We chose to use our own respective party flags. So, PKR, DAP and Amanah flags will be used here.
We have decided that DAP will use the rocket symbol while PKR and Amanah will both use the PKR logo.