United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Kadazan Bersatu | |
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Abbreviation | UPKO |
Leader | Fuad Stephens |
Founder | Fuad Stephens |
Founded | June 1964 |
Dissolved | 28 December 1967 |
Merger of | Reunite of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) to form United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) - 1964 |
Split from | Breakaway of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) - 1962 |
Preceded by | Formation of United National Kadazan Organisation (UNKO) - 1961 |
Succeeded by | Consolidation into United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) - 1967 |
National affiliation | Sabah Alliance (1963-1967) |
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The United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (Malay : Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Kadazan Bersatu; abbrev: UPKO) was a Kadazan-Dusun-Murut (KDM) based political party in North Borneo and later Sabah at the time it became a state of Malaysia in the 1960s. [1] [2]
The party was initially started as the United National Kadazan Organisation (UNKO) which was founded by Donald Stephens in 1961, with its core constituency of indigenous Sabahans. [3] UNKO modeled after United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Malaya; was the first indigenous party in Sabah formed to represent the interests of the Kadazandusun community in Sabah. At the time of its founding it had approximately 20,000 members. [4]
The new party UNKO has members which does not support the "Malaysia project" and disagrees with Donald Stephens, hence they split to form a new group led by G. S. Sundang going on to form the United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) in January 1962. [3]
Upon the formation of Malaysia in 1963, UNKO entered into a Sabah Alliance coalition with the United Sabah National Organisation (USNO), a Muslim party, and the Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) to form a consociationalism new Government of Sabah; [3] with its president Stephens became the state's first Chief Minister. [4] In May 1964, the breakaway UPMO party, eventually reunited with its parent party. [1] The merger saw UNKO renamed itself as the United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) in June 1964. [2]
After Stephens was forced out of the chief ministership in 1964 and became a federal minister., [5] the party was dissolved on 28 December 1967 and absorbed into United Sabah National Organisation (USNO). [2] [6]
Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
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1964 (UNKO) | 5 / 159 | 13 | appointed by Legislative Assembly | ![]() | Donald Stephens |
State election | State Legislative Assembly | |
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Sabah | Total won / Total contested | |
2/3 majority | 2 / 3 | |
1967 | 12 / 32 | 12 / 24 |
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