Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu

Last updated

United Bumiputera Heritage Party
Malay nameParti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
ڤرتي ڤساک بوميڤوترا برساتو
AbbreviationPBB
President Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg
Chairperson Mohamad Asfia Awang Nassar
Secretary-General Alexander Nanta Linggi
Spokesperson Haji Idris Buang
Deputy President1. Douglas Uggah Embas
2. Awang Tengah Ali Hasan
Vice-President Fadillah Yusof
Stephen Rundi Utom
Julaihi Narawi
Gerawat Gala
Gerald Rentap Jabu
Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah
Annuar Rapaee
Abdul Rahman Junaidi
Women Leader Fatimah Abdullah
Youth LeaderMiro Simuh
Treasurer-GeneralAbdul Hamid Sepawi
Founder Jugah Anak Barieng
Founded5 January 1973
Legalised30 April 1973
Merger ofParti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)12
Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)3
Headquarters Kuching, Sarawak
NewspaperJiwa Bakti
Youth wing Pemuda PBB
Women's wing Wanita PBB
Membership452,280 (August 2023)
Ideology
Political position Right-wing
National affiliation Barisan Nasional
(1973–2018)
Gabungan Parti Sarawak
(2018–present)
PH–BN unity alliance
(2022–present) (alliance partner)
Colours  Yellow, red, white and black
Slogan• Striving for Unity
Berkorban Bersatu(in Malay)
Bersatu, Bersetia, Berkhidmat
Berjihadlah
Bersatu untuk Rakyat Malaysia
AnthemMarch PBB (PBB March; Official anthem)
Ikrar Wanita (Women's Oath; Women Movement)
Dewan Negara:
4 / 70
Dewan Rakyat:
14 / 31
(Sarawak seats)
Sarawak State Legislative Assembly:
47 / 82
Premier of Sarawak:
1 / 10
Website
pbb.org.my

1 Parti Negara Sarawak and Barisan Rakyat Jati Sarawak merged to form Parti Bumiputera Sarawak.
2 Parti Bumiputera Sarawak consisted of local Sarawak Malay, Melanau, Kedayan, Brunei Malay and Orang Ulu members.
2 Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak consisted of Iban and Bidayuh members.

Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB; English: United Bumiputera Heritage Party) is a right-wing political party in Malaysia. It is currently the largest political party in Sarawak. Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu was formed from the combination of three parties in Sarawak; Parti Negara Sarawak, Barisan Rakyat Jati Sarawak and Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak. The formation of the party was for the purpose of the improvement of the livelihood and protect the rights of the Bumiputera in many fields such as politics, economy and social. Formerly a part of Semenanjung-based coalition Barisan Nasional (BN), following the defeat of BN in the 2018 general election and in the aftermath of a meeting between all Sarawak-based BN coalition parties on 12 June 2018, PBB left the coalition to form a new Sarawak-based coalition, Sarawak Parties Alliance. [1]

Contents

The meaning of "Bumiputera"

Bumiputera is a Malaysian political term and translates to son of earth. Being mentioned in the party's name, this directly relates to the ethnic groups that are seen as native to the state of Sarawak. Members of the party are solely of Sarawak Bumiputera ethnicity. In article 161a of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, 21 ethnic groups are classified as "rakyat peribumi Sarawak" (natives of Sarawak), among these are the Ibans, Bidayuhs, Melanaus, Orang Ulus and several other Dayak people, as well as local Muslim-Malays of Sarawak.

Predecessors

Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)

PANAS which was formed on 9 April 1960 by Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Mustapha, was the second political party to be formed after Sarawak United People's Party. [2]

Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)

BARJASA was formed on 4 December 1961 by Tuanku Bujang Tuanku Othman. Abdul Rahman Ya'kub and Abdul Taib Mahmud were among the earliest members of the party.

Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)

Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak was formed in Sibu in August 1962 to cater for the Ibans of Batang Rajang. Its promoters refused to join the Sarawak National Party, which they claimed only catered for Ibans from Saribas. Among the initiators of the party were Penghulu Masam Anak Radin, Pengarah Banyang, Penghulu Chundi Anak Resa and Penghulu Umpau. Temenggong Jugah, Temenggong Oyong Lawai Jau and Jonathan Bangau joined later. While Jugah and Oyong Lawai Jau were incipiently members of PANAS, Bangau was from SUPP. Other Penghulus from other divisions such as Penghulu Tawi Sli (Second Division) and Penghulu Abok Anak Jalin (Bintulu) also joined PESAKA. PESAKA was therefore known as the Penghulus’ Party. However, the person who actually mooted the idea of forming PESAKA was Thomas Kana, a former dresser at Kuala Belait. He was made the first secretary-general of the party.

Formation of Parti Bumiputera

To ensure the domination of Muslim Bumiputra in Sarawak politics, PANAS and BARJASA initiated a plan of merger a few months after the local council elections of Sarawak in 1963. Initially, both parties were willing to dissolve themselves in order to allow United Malays National Organisation to enter Sarawak. However, UMNO was not interested in accepting non-Muslim-Malay bumiputeras as members. Therefore, the Malaysian federal government recommended that the two parties combine to form a new separate party. After a series of negotiations, Parti Bumiputera Sarawak was formed on 30 March 1968. On the following day after the merger, Abang Ikhwan Zaini was elected as the president of Parti Bumiputera, Tuanku Haji Bujang as vice-president, and Taib Mahmud as the secretary-general of the party. [3] According to Sanib Said (former curator of Sarawak State Museum):

The formation of Parti Bumiputera was gratefully accepted by the Muslim-Malays of Sarawak. Except for a few prominent dissenters, especially some of the former members of PANAS, the new party was supported by both the aristocrats and the young intelligentsia, the latter holding the more important posts in it. It may be justifiably said that at last the young intelligentsia had triumphed. But basically the formation of Parti Bumiputera was a final reconciliation between the two groups and it opened the way for a new era of Malay politics in Sarawak. [3]

Parti Bumiputera exercised a significant role in the Sarawak cabinet under the leadership of Sarawak chief minister Tawi Sli. Taib Mahmud dominated most of the decision making. Parti Bumiputera and Sarawak Chinese Association were the members of Sarawak Alliance. During the 1970 Sarawak state election, Parti Bumiputera won 12 seats while SCA won 3 seats out of a total of 48 seats. However, not a single party command a majority in Council Negri (now Sarawak State Legislative Assembly). Abdul Rahman from Parti Bumiputera was able to convince SUPP to form a state government with him as the chief minister. [3]

Formation of PBB

Parti Bumiputera had already initiated negotiations with PESAKA about the merger of both parties in 1968. However, PESAKA refused to enter into a merger in fear that Muslim bumiputera members from Parti Bumiputera would dominate the new party, leaving its Iban and Bidayuh members sidelined. PESAKA decided to join Sarawak Alliance without a merger to preserve their interests in Sarawak politics. However, in the 1970 state election, PESAKA won only 8 seats, whereas 12 seats were won by Parti Bumiputera and another 12 seats by SNAP. PESAKA was not able to nominate a new chief minister from their own party unlike in 1966. Ultimately another negotiation was held between PESAKA and Parti Bumiputera in September 1972 and both sides eventually agreed to a merger on 5 January 1973. The new Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu party was then officially registered on 30 April 1973. [3]

The party was divided into two wings namely: [3]

Objectives of PBB

Party structure

The party structure of PBB is in many ways resembles to that of the national party United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) due to the influence exerted by Abdul Rahman Ya'kub. PBB has four levels of bureaucracy namely: [3]

The party's general assembly is held every 3 years to assemble all party leaders and grassroot members to discuss party policies, responsibility of Supreme Council, and to elect party leaders into Supreme Council but does not influence party directions and policies. The party constitution was amended so that "the party's system of representation of at general assemblies in line with the system used by UMNO". Therefore, a chairman will be in-charge of the general assembly, allowing the party president take an active role during the assembly. The party's first ever general assembly was held from 13 to 14 July 1974, less than a month before the 1974 Malaysian general election. All the party's top posts were not contested at that time. In this general assembly, Abang Abu Bakar and Salleh Jafaruddin (Rahman's nephew) from bumiputera wing were elected to the party's executive committee. Alfred Jabu Numpang, from PESAKA wing was also elected to become youth chief of the party. He would later become deputy chief minister of Sarawak under the chieftainship of Taib Mahmud. [3]

The Supreme Council consisted of: [3]

During the formation of PBB, both Parti Bumiputera and PESAKA agreed to elect a PESAKA leader to become the president of the party. The party had 7 vice-presidents instead of the current 9 members. 4 vice-president posts will be given to Bumiputera wing while 3 will be given to PESAKA wing. The secretary-general post will be given to Bumiputera wing while assistant secretary-general posts will be divided among Bumiputera wing (1 person) and PESAKA wing (3 people). The rest of the party posts were given to Bumiputera wing while youth chief post will be given to PESAKA wing. [3]

Leadership structure

List of party leaders

Yang di-Pertua of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu

OrderPortraitNameTerm of officeElected
1 Jugah Anak Barieng 30 April 1973September 1975
2 Abdul Taib Mahmud October 19751978
3 Abdul Rahman Ya'kub 197826 March 1981
4 Abdul Taib Mahmud 26 March 198128 February 2014
5 Adenan Satem 1 March 201411 January 2017
6 Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg 14 January 2017Incumbent

After the formation of PBB, Temenggong Jugah Anak Barieng was appointed as the first president of the PBB while Taib Mahmud was appointed deputy president and Abdul Rahman Ya'kub was appointed the secretary-general of the party. In September 1975, Abdul Rahman suddenly announced his retirement from politics due to criticisms to his administration of the Sarawak state. Few weeks later, Temenggong Jugah also announced his retirement as the president of PBB. In October 1975, Taib Mahmud was appointed to the president of PBB to fill the vacancy left by Temenggong Jugah while Leonard Linggi, the son of Temenggong Jugah, was appointed to the secretary-general post, replacing Abdul Rahman. However, Abdul Rahman remained as the executive member of PBB and the leader of Sarawak Barisan Nasional (BN). Alfred Jabu moved his rank to the deputy president post while Celestine Ujang fill the youth chief post left vacant by Alfred Jabu. [3]

Two months later, Abdul Rahman changed his mind while he announced that he would not retire in the next five years. Abdul Rahman decided to take over the PBB presidency from Taib. For Taib, this was a dilemma but all the other party posts have been occupied. Taib demanded his uncle Abdul Rahman to create another deputy president post for him by changing the party constitution. Finally during the 1977 PBB general assembly meeting, another deputy president post was created and given to Taib while Abdul Rahman became the president of the party. [3]

Rahman retired from politics on 26 March 1981 and his nephew Taib Mahmud succeeded him as the PBB president for the second time. After holding the post for 33 years, Taib Mahmud retired from politics while allowing his former brother-in-law, Adenan Satem to take over the party on 1 March 2014 and he would hold the post until his death on 11 January 2017.

Following the death of Adenan Satem, Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg was appointed as the 6th President of PBB on 13 January 2017.

Elected representatives

Dewan Negara (Senate)

Senators

Dewan Negara (Senate)

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament

PBB has 14 MPs in the House of Representatives.

StateNo.Parliament ConstituencyMemberParty
Flag of Sarawak.svg  Sarawak P193 Santubong Nancy Shukri PBB
P194 Petra Jaya Fadillah Yusof PBB
P197 Kota Samarahan Rubiah Wang PBB
P198 Puncak Borneo Willie Mongin PBB
P200 Batang Sadong Rodiyah SapieePBB
P201 Batang Lupar Mohamad Shafizan KepliPBB
P204 Betong Richard RapuPBB
P206 Tanjong Manis Yusuf Abd. Wahab PBB
P207 Igan Ahmad Johnie Zawawi PBB
P213 Mukah Hanifah Hajar Taib PBB
P215 Kapit Alexander Nanta Linggi PBB
P218 Sibuti Lukanisman Awang Sauni PBB
P221 Limbang Hasbi Habibollah PBB
P222 Lawas Henry Sum Agong PBB
Total Sarawak (14)

Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

Malaysian State Assembly Representatives

Sarawak State Legislative Assembly

47 / 82
StateNo.Parliamentary ConstituencyNo.State ConstituencyMemberParty
Flag of Sarawak.svg  Sarawak P193 Santubong N03 Tanjong Datu Azizul Annuar AdenanPBB
N04 Pantai Damai Abdul Rahman JunaidiPBB
N05 Demak Laut Hazland Abang HipniPBB
P194 Petra Jaya N06 Tupong Fazzrudin Abdul RahmanPBB
N07 Samariang Sharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman GhazaliPBB
N08 Satok Ibrahim BakiPBB
P197 Kota Samarahan N15 Asajaya Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah PBB
N16 Muara Tuang Idris BuangPBB
N17 Stakan Hamzah BrahimPBB
P198 Puncak Borneo N18 Serembu Miro SimuhPBB
N19 Mambong Jerip SusilPBB
N20 Tarat Roland Sagah Wee InnPBB
P199 Serian N21 Tebedu Simon Sinang BadaPBB
N22 Kedup Maclaine Ben @ Martin BenPBB
N23 Bukit Semuja John IlusPBB
P200 Batang Sadong N24 Sadong Jaya Aidel LariwooPBB
N25 Simunjan Awla IdrisPBB
N26 Gedong Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang OpengPBB
P201 Batang Lupar N27 Sebuyau Julaihi NarawiPBB
N28 Lingga Dayang Noorazah Awang SohorPBB
N29 Beting Maro Razaili GaporPBB
P204 Betong N35 Saribas Ricky @ Mohamad Razi bin SitamPBB
N36 Layar Gerald Rentap JabuPBB
N37 Bukit Saban Douglas Uggah Embas PBB
P205 Saratok N38 Kalaka Mohamad DuriPBB
N40 Kabong Mohd Chee KadirhPBB
P206 Tanjong Manis N41 Kuala Rajang Len Talif SallehPBB
N42 Semop Abdullah SaidolPBB
P207 Igan N43 Daro Safiee AhmadPBB
N44 Jemoreng Juanda Jaya PBB
P209 Julau N47 Pakan William Mawan IkomPBB
P210 Kanowit N50 Machan Allan Siden GramongPBB
P212 Sibu N55 Nangka Annuar Rapaee PBB
P213 Mukah N56 Dalat Fatimah Abdullah PBB
N57 Tellian Royston ValentinePBB
N58 Balingian Abdul Yakub ArbiPBB
P215 Kapit N62 Katibas Ambrose Blikau EnturanPBB
N63 Bukit Goram Jefferson Jamit UnyatPBB
P217 Bintulu N67 Jepak Iskandar TurkeePBB
N69 Kemena Stephen Rundi UtomPBB
P218 Sibuti N71 Bekenu Rosey Yunus PBB
N72 Lambir Ripin LamatPBB
P220 Baram N77 Telang Usan Dennis NgauPBB
N78 Mulu Gerawat GalaPBB
P221 Limbang N79 Bukit Kota Abdul Rahman IsmailPBB
N80 Batu Danau Paulus GumbangPBB
P222 Lawas N82 Bukit Sari Awang Tengah Ali Hasan PBB
Total Sarawak (47)

PBB state governments

StateLeader typeMemberPartyState Constituency
Flag of Sarawak.svg  Sarawak Premier Abang Johari Openg PBB Satok
StateLeader typeMemberPartyState Constituency
Flag of Sarawak.svg  Sarawak Deputy Premier I Douglas Uggah Embas PBB Bukit Saban
Flag of Sarawak.svg  Sarawak Deputy Premier II Awang Tengah Ali Hasan PBB Bukit Sari

General election results

ElectionTotal seats wonSeats contestedTotal votesShare of votesOutcome of electionElection leader
1964
(BARJASA)
5 / 159
12appointed by Council NegriIncrease2.svg5 seats; Governing coalition
(Alliance Party)
Abdul Rahman Ya'kub
1964
(PANAS)
3 / 159
12Increase2.svg3 seats; OppositionAbang Mustapha
1964
(Pesaka)
6 / 159
19Increase2.svg6 seats; Governing coalition
(Alliance Party)
Jugah Barieng
1969
(Bumiputera)
5 / 144
11Decrease2.svg3 seats; Governing coalition
(Alliance Party)
Abdul Rahman Ya'kub
1969
(Pesaka)
2 / 144
830,7651.28%Decrease2.svg4 seats; Governing coalition
(allied with Alliance Party)
Jugah Barieng
1974
8 / 144
783,722Increase2.svg1 seat; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Jugah Barieng
1978
8 / 154
752,222Steady2.svg; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Rahman Ya'kub
1982
8 / 154
828,700Steady2.svg; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
1986
8 / 177
548,3671.02%Steady2.svg; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
1990
10 / 180
5101,243Increase2.svg2 seats; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
1995
10 / 192
1142,210Steady2.svg; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
1999
11 / 193
11100,062Increase2.svg1 seat; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
2004
11 / 219
1480,4081.15%Steady2.svg; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
2008
14 / 222
14131,2431.65%Increase2.svg3 seats; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
2013
14 / 222
14232,3902.10%Steady2.svg; Governing coalition
(Barisan Nasional)
Abdul Taib Mahmud
2018
13 / 222
14220,4791.83%Decrease2.svg1 seat; Opposition coalition
(Barisan Nasional),
later Governing coalition
(Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
Abang Johari Openg
2022
14 / 222
14343,9542.22%Increase2.svg1 seat; Governing coalition
(Gabungan Parti Sarawak)
Abang Johari Openg

State election results

State electionState Legislative Assembly
Sarawak Total won / Total contested
2/3 majority
2 / 3
1969/1970

(Bumiputera)

11 / 48
11 / 21
1969/1970

(Pesaka)

8 / 48
8 / 35
1974
18 / 48
18 / 32
1979
17 / 48
18 / 18
1983
19 / 48
19 / 20
1987
14 / 48
14 / 23
1991
27 / 56
27 / 31
1996
30 / 62
29 / 30
2001
30 / 62
30 / 30
2006
35 / 71
35 / 35
2011
35 / 71
35 / 35
2016
39 / 82
39 / 39
2021
47 / 82
47 / 47

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References

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