1969 Malaysian general election

1969 Malaysian general election

←  1964 10 May 1969 – 4 July 1970 1974  →
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All 144 seats in the Dewan Rakyat 73 seats needed for a majority
Registered	3,439,313
Turnout	73.53%
First party Second party Third party   Leader Tunku Abdul Rahman Burhanuddin al-Helmy Goh Hock Guan Party Alliance PAS DAP Last election 58.53%, 89 seats 14.64%, 9 seats 2.05%, 1 seat Seats won 74 12 13 Seat change 15 3 12 Popular vote 1,076,507 501,123 286,606 Percentage 44.94% 20.92% 11.96% Swing 13.59pp 6.28pp 9.91pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   GER SUP Leader Syed Hussein Alatas S. P. Seenivasagam Ong Kee Hui Party GERAKAN PPP SUPP Last election – 3.40%, 2 seats 3 seats Seats won 8 4 5 Seat change New 2 2 Popular vote 178,971 80,756 72,754 Percentage 7.47% 3.37% 3.04% Swing New 0.04pp –   Seventh party Eighth party Ninth party   Leader Stephen Kalong Ningkan Mustapha Harun Jugah Barieng Party SNAP USNO Pesaka Last election 4 seats 6 seats – Seats won 9 13 2 Seat change 5 7 New Popular vote 64,593 13,634 30,765 Percentage 2.70% 0.57% 1.28% Swing – – New
Prime Minister before election Tunku Abdul Rahman Alliance Prime Minister-designate Tunku Abdul Rahman Alliance

General elections were held in Malaysia on Saturday, 10 May 1969, although voting was postponed until between 6 June and 4 July 1970 in Sabah and Sarawak. ^[1] This election marked the first parliamentary election held in Sabah and Sarawak after the formation of Malaysia in 1963.

The elections resulted in the return to power, with a reduced majority, of the ruling Alliance Party, comprising the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malayan Chinese Association, and the Malayan Indian Congress. The Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan) and the Democratic Action Party (DAP), which had campaigned against Bumiputra privileges outlined by Article 153 of the Constitution, made major gains in the election. ^[2] Voter turnout was 73.6%. Opposition won 54 seats in total causing the Alliance to lose its two-thirds majority in the Parliament (two-thirds majority being the majority required to pass most constitutional amendments) for the first time.

The elections also saw Alliance lose its majority in Perak, Selangor and Penang in addition to Kelantan. The result of the election and subsequent reactions would cause widespread race riots also known as the 13 May Incident. As a consequence of this incident, the federal government decided to suspend parliament and government administration was monitored by MAGERAN until 1971. ^[3] It also marked the end of Tunku Abdul Rahman's administration as Prime Minister before he was succeeded by Tun Abdul Razak several months later. Razak would then seek the main purpose to establish the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. ^[4]

State elections also took place in 330 state constituencies in 12 (out of 13, except Sabah) states of Malaysia on the same day.

Results

Dewan Rakyat

Candidates were returned unopposed in 19 constituencies. Voting in one constituency was postponed.

West Malaysia went to the polls on 10 May, while Sabah was scheduled to vote on 25 May and Sarawak on 7 June. The Alliance won eight seats on nomination day being unopposed in some constituencies. Tun Mustapha Datu Harun's United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) won 10 out of 16 seats unopposed on nomination day.

The opposition parties' gain at state level was more shocking to the Alliance Party which not only continued to lose to PAS in Kelantan, but also to political infant Gerakan in Penang. No party commanded an absolute majority in two other states. The Alliance held only 14 out of 24 seats in Selangor and 19 out of 40 in Perak. ^[2]

The attrition of Malay support was much higher than that of the non-Malays. Malay opposition parties' vote shares in the peninsula increased drastically from about 15% in 1964 to 25% in 1969 while the support for non-Malay opposition parties remained roughly the same at 26% in both elections. Thanks to the electoral system, however, PAS seats increased from nine to 12 seats only while non-Malay opposition party, DAP, from 1 to 13.

Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	1,076,507	44.94	52	–7
			Malaysian Chinese Association			13	–14
			Parti Bumiputera Sarawak			5	–3
			Malaysian Indian Congress			2	–1
			Sarawak Chinese Association			2	–2
		Total				74	–22
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			501,123	20.92	12	+3
	Democratic Action Party			286,606	11.96	13	+12
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia			178,971	7.47	8	New
	People's Progressive Party			80,756	3.37	4	+2
	Sarawak United Peoples' Party			72,754	3.04	5	+2
	Sarawak National Party			64,593	2.70	9	+5
	Parti Pesaka Sarawak			30,765	1.28	2	New
	Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia			27,110	1.13	0	0
	Sabah Chinese Association			18,313	0.76	3	–1
	United Sabah National Organisation			13,634	0.57	13	+7
	United Malaysian Chinese Organisation			1,808	0.08	0	New
	Independents			42,669	1.78	1	+1
Total				2,395,609	100.00	144	–15
Valid votes				2,395,609	94.73
Invalid/blank votes				133,253	5.27
Total votes				2,528,862	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				3,439,313	73.53
Source: CLEA

Results by state

Johore

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	11	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	5	0
		Total		16	0
	Democratic Action Party			0	New
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia			0	New
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			–	0
	Independents			0	0
Total				16	0

Kedah

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	7	–3
			Malaysian Chinese Association	2	0
		Total		9	–3
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			3	+3
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia			0	New
Total				12	0

Kelantan

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			6	–2
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	4	+2
	Independents			0	0
Total				10	0

Malacca

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	2	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	1	–1
		Total		3	–1
	Democratic Action Party			1	New
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			0	0
	Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia			0	New
Total				4	0

Negri Sembilan

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	3	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	0	–2
			Malaysian Indian Congress	0	–1
		Total		0	0
	Democratic Action Party			3	New
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			0	0
Total				6	0

Pahang

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	5	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	1	0
		Total		0	0
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			0	0
	Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia			0	0
Total				6	0

Penang

Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia			83,670	44.55	5	New
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	45,705	24.34	1	–3
			Malaysian Chinese Association	23,510	12.52	1	–1
		Total		69,215	36.86	2	0
	Democratic Action Party			20,930	11.14	1	New
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			13,211	7.03	0	0
	People's Progressive Party			775	0.41	0	0
Total				187,801	100.00	8	0

Perak

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	7	–2
			Malaysian Chinese Association	1	–7
			Malaysian Indian Congress	1	0
		Total		9	–9
	Democratic Action Party			5	New
	People's Progressive Party			4	+2
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			1	+1
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia			1	New
	Independents			0	0
Total				20	0

Perlis

Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	22,195	51.15	2	0
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			18,286	42.14	0	0
	Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaysia			2,910	6.71	0	New
Total				43,391	100.00	2	0
Valid votes				43,391	96.46
Invalid/blank votes				1,591	3.54
Total votes				44,982	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				56,060	80.24

Sabah

Party		Seats	+/–
	United Sabah National Organisation	13	0
	Sabah Chinese Association	3	0
Total		16	0

Sarawak

Party		Seats	+/–
	Sarawak National Party	9	0
	Parti Bumiputera Sarawak	5	0
	Sarawak United Peoples' Party	5	0
	Parti Pesaka Sarawak	2	0
	Sarawak Chinese Association	2	0
	Independents	1	0
Total		24	0

Selangor

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	6	0
			Malaysian Chinese Association	2	–3
			Malaysian Indian Congress	1	0
		Total		9	–3
	Democratic Action Party			3	New
	Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia			2	New
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			0	0
Total				14	0

Trengganu

Party or alliance				Seats	+/–
	Alliance Party		United Malays National Organisation	4	–1
	Pan-Malayan Islamic Party			2	+1
Total				6	0

State Assemblies

Main article: 1969 Malaysian state elections

Aftermath

Gerakan and DAP held a victory rally in Kuala Lumpur on 12 May. The rally soon turned rowdy, as party members and Malay bystanders started to shout racial epithets at each other. ^[5] UMNO retaliated with its own rally on 13 May, which soon broke out into full-scale rioting. This event subsequently became known as the 13 May Incident. ^[5]

References

1. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p152 ISBN   0-19-924959-8
2. Report on the parliamentary (Dewan Rakyat) and state legislative assembly general elections 1969 of the states of Malaya, Sabah, and Sarawak Archived 4 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine Election Commission of Malaysia
3. "May 13: Why Malaysiakini revisited an old, but persistent, wound". 16 May 2019.
4. "Kuala Lumpur History Facts and Timeline: Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia".
5. Zainon Ahmad (26 July 2007). "The tragedy of May 13, 1969 (part 2)". The Sun. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 24 June 2010.