1963 Singaporean general election

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1963 Singaporean general election
Flag of Singapore.svg
  1959 21 September 1963 1968  

All 51 seats in the Legislative Assembly
26 seats needed for a majority
Registered617,750
Turnout95.11% (Increase2.svg 5.04pp)
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Mr. Lee Kuan Yew Mayoral reception 1965 (cropped).jpg 3x4.svg 3x4.svg
Leader Lee Kuan Yew Lee Siew Choh Ong Eng Guan
Party PAP BS UPP
Last election54.08%, 43 seats
Seats won37131
Seat changeDecrease2.svg 6NewNew
Popular vote272,924193,30148,785
Percentage46.93%33.24%8.39%
SwingDecrease2.svg 7.15ppNewNew

Map of the results of the 1963 Singaporean general election.svg
Results by constituency

Prime Minister before election

Lee Kuan Yew
PAP

Prime Minister after election

Lee Kuan Yew
PAP

General elections were held in Singapore on 21 September 1963, five days after Singapore became part of Malaysia. Voters elected all 51 members of the Legislative Assembly. The elections were the only ones to date with no boundary changes to existing constituencies prior to the elections. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party (PAP), which won 37 of the 51 seats, while the majority of the remaining seats were won by Barisan Sosialis (BS).

Contents

The ruling federal government of Malaysia, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), contested the elections as part of the Singapore Alliance Party (SAP) in an attempt to oust the PAP, straining relations between the two parties. The Alliance lost all seven seats which it held prior to the elections. Their participation in the elections prompted the PAP to contest seats outside Singapore and in Peninsular Malaysia in the next federal election held in 1964, further adding to more tensions between the UMNO federal government and the PAP state government.

A total of 210 candidates contested the elections, making it the largest slate of candidates to contest ever in Singapore's history for more than six decades until 2025. [1] The ruling PAP fielded 51 candidates, its breakaway parties BS and the United People's Party (UPP) fielded 46 candidates each, and the Alliance, the Singapore branch of the Malaysian federal ruling coalition, fielded 42 candidates. This also marked the last time that any other party than the PAP would field candidates in more than half the total parliamentary seats. With two breakaway factions of the PAP fielding nearly full slate of candidates, this was the most hard fought election in Singapore's history and particularly for the ruling PAP.

This was the most recent general election in which the PAP received less than half of the popular vote, at only 47%, and the last parliamentary election to date where MPs (29 out of 51) were elected by a plurality due to the first-past-the-post voting system. It was also the last general election in which an incumbent minister was defeated until 2011 and the last general election in which all seats were contested until 2015. As Singapore would gain independence in 1965, the elections were the only ones held when Singapore was a state of Malaysia. After independence, the elected members of the Legislative Assembly subsequently become members of the inaugural Parliament of Singapore.

Background

Although the People's Action Party (PAP) had won 43 seats in the 1959 elections, they lost four seats in 1961 (two were from the by-election defeats, and two defected to the new United People's Party (UPP)). A further 13 legislators were expelled from PAP for voting against the government in a no-confidence motion on 20 July 1961; the dissidents subsequently formed a new party, the Barisan Sosialis (BS), alleging PAP as a communist front. The combination of by-election defeats, defections and expulsions reduced the PAP by 17 seats down to 26, leaving PAP with a one-seat majority.

On 3 July 1962, while the integration referendum debate was in procession, the PAP lost its majority following the resignation of legislator Ho Puay Choo (who later joined BS on 11 August). Five days later, UPP legislator S. V. Lingam returned to PAP fold, giving it back its one-seat majority. However, the PAP lost its majority again five days later after health minister Ahmad Ibrahim died from liver cancer. BS initially planned to field its iconic leader, Lim Chin Siong, in the vacated seat, but the Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew opted against a by-election, and instead called a fresh election.

On 31 August 1963, Singapore was declared fully independent from the United Kingdom (full internal self-government was granted in 1959) with PAP declared as trustees until the merger with Malaysia could be complete. On 3 September, Lee Kuan Yew dissolved the Legislative Assembly in accordance with procedure, the Proclamation of Malaysia was ratified on 16 September, and elections are to be held on 21 September. As part of the Malaysia Agreement, the head of government in Singapore were permitted to retain the title of "Prime Minister" despite there already being a prime minister of Malaysia, as Singapore were given more autonomy in some areas than the other states of Malaysia.

Timeline

3 SeptemberDissolution of 2nd Legislative Assembly
12 SeptemberNomination Day
21 SeptemberPolling day
22 OctoberOpening of 3rd Legislative Assembly

Campaign

The elections, held in the midst of Singapore's merger with Malaysia, are remembered as the PAP's hardest-fought as the party faced intensive challenges from three other parties that fielded nearly full slates. BS collated with Parti Rakyat, and fielded candidates in all but two seats, while UPP had an unusually large number of candidates. Earlier that year on 2 February, as part of an anti-communist security operation, the PAP government with support of the Malaysian federal government and the British government had launched Operation Coldstore to detain several BS leaders, including Lim Chin Siong, which severely hampered BS.

On the final night of campaigning, PAP officials issued a sudden warning: if BS were to win the election and defeat the PAP, the federal government in Kuala Lumpur might deploy troops to Singapore and invoke emergency powers, bypassing the incoming BS-led government, allegedly due to its perceived pro-communist stance. This last-minute tactic, seen by many as fearmongering, left BS with no opportunity to respond. Nevertheless, it appeared to sway public sentiment and may have contributed significantly to the PAP's victory the following day.

The sole Workers' Party (WP) legislator David Marshall resigned from the party he founded and became the only independent. Another participant was Singapore Alliance, an extension of the ruling federal Alliance Party in Malaysia, which was a coalition consisting of the Singapore People's Alliance (SPA) along with the local branches of UMNO, the Malayan Chinese Association and Malayan Indian Congress. However, former Chief Minister and leader Lim Yew Hock opted not to run in the elections, citing a defamation campaign by the PAP. [2]

Results

In terms of votes, Cairnhill candidate Lim Kim San had the best scoring result of 66.46%; however, 29 out of the 51 constituencies had elected by plurality as a result of first-past-the-post voting. Delta's MP-elect Chan Choy Siong had the narrowest winning margin of 0.46%. A total of 92 candidates lost their election deposits, with the lowest being 0.72%, held by Moulmein's independent candidate Soo Tho Siu Hee.

Singapore Legislative Assembly 1962.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
People's Action Party 272,92446.9337–6
Barisan Sosialis 193,30133.2413New
Singapore Alliance 48,9678.420–3
United People's Party 48,7858.391New
Parti Rakyat 8,2591.4200
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party 1,5450.2700
United Democratic Party 7600.130New
Workers' Party 2860.0500
Independents6,7881.170–1
Total581,615100.00510
Valid votes581,61599.01
Invalid/blank votes5,8180.99
Total votes587,433100.00
Registered voters/turnout617,45095.14
Source: Singapore Elections

By constituency

ConstituencyElectoratePartyCandidateVotes%SwingMargin
Aljunied 16,152 People's Action Party S. V. Lingam 7,74550.90+1.5020.51
Barisan Sosialis Thio Kheng Lock4,62430.39New
Singapore Alliance Party Lim Koon Teck 1,68111.05New
United People's Party Woo Kong Seng1,1657.66New
Anson 9,192 People's Action Party Perumal Govindaswamy 3,95746.90–13.859.88
Barisan Sosialis Chan Chong Keen3,12337.02New
Singapore Alliance Party A. K. Isaac5436.44New
Independent David Marshall 4164.93New
United People's Party Vythalingam V.3063.63New
Workers' Party Chiang Seok Keong911.08New
Bras Basah 10,678 People's Action Party Ho See Beng4,92651.80–11.5511.52
Barisan Sosialis Leong Kwan Fai3,83140.28New
United People's Party Pan Cheng Luan3353.52New
Singapore Alliance Party Wong Chin Sen3043.20New
Workers' Party Chua Chin Kiat1141.20New
Bukit Merah 12,225 Barisan Sosialis Lim Huan Boon4,96342.84New3.82
People's Action Party Sellappa Ramaswamy4,52039.02–20.07
United People's Party Poon Weng Ying1,1299.75New
Singapore Alliance Party Shums Tung Tao Chang7406.39New
IndependentNgon Eng Kok2322.00New
Bukit Panjang 12,997 Barisan Sosialis Ong Lian Teng5,67946.45New6.04
People's Action Party Lee Khoon Choy 4,94040.41–17.90
Singapore Alliance Party Loo Bah Chit9998.17New
United People's Party Thuan Paik Phok6074.97New
Bukit Timah 12,502 Barisan Sosialis Lee Tee Tong6,17352.39New10.11
People's Action Party Chor Yeok Eng 4,98242.28–18.86
United People's Party Ong Tiong Kuan6285.33New
Cairnhill 12,340 People's Action Party Lim Kim San 7,74966.46+45.7845.51
Barisan Sosialis Lim Ang Chuan2,44320.95New
Singapore Alliance Party Lee Ah Seong1,46712.59New
Changi 11,866 People's Action Party Sim Boon Woo4,80842.78New12.30
Barisan Sosialis Siek Shing Min3,42530.48New
Singapore Alliance Party Syed Esa Almenoar 1,97517.57New
United People's Party Abdullah Masood9358.32New
IndependentM. N. Yahya950.85New
Chua Chu Kang 8,198 Barisan Sosialis Chio Cheng Thun3,75348.59New17.14
People's Action Party Lim Kim Hian2,42931.45–24.84
United People's Party Sim Chit Giak80010.36New
Singapore Alliance Party Neo Guan Choo3965.13New
IndependentGoh Tong Liang3454.47New
Crawford 10,949 Barisan Sosialis S. T. Bani4,40042.75New1.87
People's Action Party K. M. Byrne 4,20740.88–26.69
United People's Party Lau Tok Keong1,03210.03New
Singapore Alliance Party S. A. Hsieh5715.55New
Workers' Party Goh Tong Liang810.79New
Delta 14,037 People's Action Party Chan Choy Siong 5,41740.53–18.920.46
Barisan Sosialis Wee Toon Lip5,35440.07New
United People's Party Chen Chia Kuang2,23316.71New
IndependentWong Kui Yu3592.69New
Farrer Park 10,189 People's Action Party S. Rajoo5,36555.71+13.8628.51
Barisan Sosialis Lee Chin Siang2,61927.20New
Singapore Alliance Party Arumugam Ponnu Rajah 1,23212.79New
United People's Party Wee Kia Eng4144.30New
Geylang East 16,014 People's Action Party Ho Cheng Choon7,16547.28–4.6711.72
Barisan Sosialis Phua Soon Lian5,38935.56New
Singapore Alliance Party Ng Cheng Chwee1,4679.68New
United People's Party Tan Peng Seah1,1347.48New
Geylang Serai 15,302 People's Action Party Rahamat bin Kenap6,72248.01+17.5612.16
Singapore Alliance Party Ahmad b. Hj. Taff5,01935.85New
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party M. Taha Suhaimi1,2018.58+4.92
IndependentDarus Shariff1,0597.56New
Geylang West 15,386 People's Action Party Yong Nyuk Lin 6,28843.63–23.974.29
Barisan Sosialis Un Hon Kun5,67039.34New
United People's Party Kum Teng Hock1,54110.69New
Singapore Alliance Party Mohd. B. Hj. Yacob9146.34New
Havelock 15,159 Barisan Sosialis Loh Miaw Gong 6,30444.05New14.90
People's Action Party Wong Chun Choi4,15729.05New
United People's Party Ng Chee Sen3,20922.42New
Singapore Alliance Party Lim Ser Puan6414.48New
Hong Lim 12,003 United People's Party Ong Eng Guan 5,06644.47New11.20
People's Action Party Seah Mui Kok3,78933.27–43.75
Barisan Sosialis Lim Chien Sen2,34420.58New
Singapore Alliance Party Sam Tai Guan1911.68New
Jalan Besar 13,764 People's Action Party Chan Chee Seng 6,68651.87–10.6111.75
Barisan Sosialis Ng Ngeong Yew5,17240.12New
United People's Party Yong Wan Kit1,0338.01New
Jalan Kayu 9,164 Barisan Sosialis Tan Cheng Tong3,31238.04New7.31
People's Action Party Teo Hup Teck2,67630.73–31.55
United People's Party Lui Boon Phor1,14613.16New
Singapore Alliance Party M. P. D. Nair1,05712.14New
IndependentOng Yu Thoh5165.93New
Joo Chiat 14,966 People's Action Party Fong Kim Heng9,30065.88+25.2539.40
Barisan Sosialis Leong Keng Seng3,73726.48New
Singapore Alliance Party Seow Peck Leng 1,0787.64New
Jurong 7,611 Barisan Sosialis Chia Thye Poh 3,97355.85New23.96
People's Action Party Ong Soo Chuan2,26831.89–38.78
United People's Party Soh U Loh5017.04New
Singapore Alliance Party Wong Tuck Leong3715.22New
Kallang 16,974 People's Action Party Buang bin Omar Junid8,47952.21+3.0320.10
Barisan Sosialis P. Oorjitham5,21532.11New
United People's Party Mohd. Shariff B. D.1,1667.18New
Singapore Alliance Party Tan Hock Lim9695.97New
IndependentTan Hai Tong4112.53New
Kampong Glam 10,186 People's Action Party S. Rajaratnam 4,31344.79–20.482.29
Barisan Sosialis Tan Jing Quee4,09342.50New
United People's Party Harbans Singh1,22412.71New
Kampong Kapor 11,672 People's Action Party M. Awang4,55441.93–12.343.66
Barisan Sosialis Lim Hock Thiam4,15538.27New
United People's Party Nalliah Karuppiah1,14310.53New
Singapore Alliance Party Chia Ban Wei1,0069.27New
Kampong Kembangan 15,787 People's Action Party Mohamed Ariff Suradi 7,12748.31+11.5823.28
Singapore Alliance Party Ali Alwi3,69225.03New
Partai Rakyat Saleha Binte Md. Shah2,67418.13+16.11
United People's Party Ibrahim B. Jaffar9146.20New
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party Mohd. Dali B. Muin3442.33–0.44
Kreta Ayer 13,103 People's Action Party Goh Keng Swee 8,05965.47–7.8835.85
Barisan Sosialis Lau Peter3,64629.62New
United People's Party Loke Wan6044.91New
Moulmein 10,670 People's Action Party Avadai Dhanam Lakshimi-Devan Nair 5,85658.00–10.7527.78
Barisan Sosialis Tann Wee Tiong3,05130.22New
United People's Party Neo Hay Chan5755.69New
Singapore Alliance Party Koh Chiat Lim5425.37New
IndependentSoo Tho Siu Hee730.72New
Mountbatten 16,843 People's Action Party Ng Yeow Chong7,75148.97+25.1316.38
Barisan Sosialis Fung Yin Ching5,15832.59New
Singapore Alliance Party Lee Kim Chuan1,86511.78New
Independent Felice Leon-Soh 1,0536.66New
Nee Soon 10,064 Barisan Sosialis Chan Sun Wing4,91451.33New16.56
People's Action Party How Kang Yong3,32934.77–38.53
United People's Party Goh Soo Ming8649.02New
Singapore Alliance Party Yeo Teo Bok3643.80New
IndependentLim Siak Guan1031.08New
Pasir Panjang 6,721 People's Action Party Othman Wok 2,87945.30+9.3015.61
Barisan Sosialis Tay Cheng Kang1,88729.69New
Singapore Alliance Party Ahmad bin Rahmat1,35121.26New
United People's Party Yong Ah Kau2383.75New
Paya Lebar 13,544 Barisan Sosialis Kow Kee Seng6,15247.96New5.85
People's Action Party Tan Kia Gan 5,40242.11–18.70
United People's Party Yeo Keng Wee8586.69New
Singapore Alliance Party Goh Yeow Dek4153.24New
Punggol 10,294 People's Action Party Ng Kah Ting 4,72147.76+1.3718.83
Barisan Sosialis Koh Chit Kiang2,86028.93New
Singapore Alliance Party Tan Jin Hong1,32013.35New
United People's Party Lee Jiak Seck9849.96New
Queenstown 16,133 People's Action Party Jek Yeun Thong 8,16552.81+1.0016.66
Barisan Sosialis Lee Ek Chong5,58936.15New
United People's Party Ng Ho9095.88New
Singapore Alliance Party Lee Khee Loong7985.16New
River Valley 10,532 People's Action Party Lim Cheng Lock5,59756.67+20.1219.66
Barisan Sosialis Goh Lam San2,66827.01New
Singapore Alliance Party Yap Pheng Geck1,15611.71New
United People's Party Chung Kit Wong4554.61New
Rochore 11,698 People's Action Party Toh Chin Chye 5,01545.56–26.200.81
Barisan Sosialis Lee Siew Choh 4,92644.75New
United People's Party Pan Tiek Tai1,0679.69New
Sembawang 9,329 People's Action Party Teong Eng Siong3,74542.17–12.521.74
Barisan Sosialis Chen Poh Chang3,59140.43New
Singapore Alliance Party Appavoo P.1,19713.48New
United People's Party Low Seng Wan3483.92New
Sepoy Lines 10,046 People's Action Party Wee Toon Boon 4,90752.25–6.1018.74
Barisan Sosialis Ong Chang Sam3,14733.51New
Singapore Alliance Party Goh Su Chiang7938.44New
United People's Party Tan Choon Sing5455.80New
Serangoon Gardens 8,765 People's Action Party R. A. Gonzales4,45653.40+4.4721.07
Barisan Sosialis Ng Hui Sim2,69832.33New
United People's Party Ng Teo Joo7368.82New
Singapore Alliance Party Choy Kok Wah4555.45New
Siglap 15,915 People's Action Party Abdul Rahim Ishak 9,34262.12+27.7844.71
Partai Rakyat Tay Check Yaw2,61817.41New
Singapore Alliance Party Soo Ban Hoe1,4889.89New
United People's Party Ong Jin Teck1,3659.08New
IndependentKoh Tee Kin2251.50New
Southern Islands 5,236 People's Action Party Yaacob bin Mohamed2,76455.41+30.0710.82
Singapore Alliance Party Ahmad Jabri b. Akib2,22444.59New
Stamford 11,628 People's Action Party Fong Sip Chee 5,78153.27+4.0919.00
Barisan Sosialis Teo Hock Guan3,71934.27New
United People's Party Lim Chung Min7717.10New
Singapore Alliance Party Lal Behari Singh5825.36New
Tampines 13,137 Barisan Sosialis Poh Ber Liak5,97648.33New19.20
People's Action Party Goh Chew Chua3,60129.13–44.14
United People's Party Liam Tian Seng2,13017.23New
Singapore Alliance Party Lim Jew Kan6565.31New
Tanglin 9,239 People's Action Party E. W. Barker 4,42451.07+20.9628.01
Barisan Sosialis Tan Cheow Hock1,99723.06New
Singapore Alliance Party Thio Chan Bee1,73820.07New
United People's Party Eng Chau Sam3363.88New
IndependentAriffin b. Md Said1661.92New
Tanjong Pagar 11,395 People's Action Party Lee Kuan Yew 6,31758.93–12.1125.94
Barisan Sosialis Ong Hock Siang3,53732.99New
United People's Party Lim Peng Kang4734.41New
Singapore Alliance Party Chng Boon Eng3933.67New
Telok Ayer 13,219 People's Action Party Ong Pang Boon 5,39044.01–23.373.29
Barisan Sosialis Lam Chit Lee4,98740.72New
United People's Party Goh Hong Keng1,48412.12New
IndependentWang Chung Kwang3853.15New
Telok Blangah 13,263 People's Action Party Bernard Rodrigues 4,94939.82–10.595.00
Barisan Sosialis Jukri b. Parjo4,32734.82New
Singapore Alliance Party Abdul Rahman2,62721.14New
United People's Party Tan Swee Huat5254.22New
Thomson 11,336 Barisan Sosialis Koo Young5,29249.17–5.469.70
People's Action Party Leo Keng Fong4,24839.47New
United People's Party Loo Ka Thiam1,22311.36New
Tiong Bahru 12,534 People's Action Party Lee Teck Him5,73148.15+0.4916.24
Barisan Sosialis Soon Dit Woo3,79831.91New
United People's Party Ng Teng Kian1,0889.14New
IndependentWilliam Tan7776.53New
Singapore Alliance Party Tan Kok Siong5084.27New
Toa Payoh 13,394 Barisan Sosialis Wong Soon Fong6,08348.20New14.32
People's Action Party Yip Sai Weng4,27633.88–43.78
United People's Party Goh Nee Kim1,50111.89New
United Democratic PartyTan Chor Yong7606.03New
Ulu Pandan 11,866 People's Action Party Chow Chiok Hock5,00044.86–0.5818.24
Partai Rakyat Johari bin Sonto2,96726.62New
Singapore Alliance Party Anang b. H. A. Manan1,72915.51New
United People's Party Ler Chin Tee1,45013.01New
Upper Serangoon 12,433 People's Action Party Sia Kah Hui6,65056.56+11.5026.39
Barisan Sosialis Chia Yang Loong3,54730.17New
United People's Party Phua Gek Boon5955.06New
IndependentLim Choon Mong5734.87New
Singapore Alliance Party Wu Moh Chye3933.34New
Source: ELD, Singapore Elections

Aftermath

The PAP won a landslide victory, securing 37 seats and retaining its two-thirds majority in the Legislative Assembly. This result had been uncertain in the lead-up to the vote, and while the PAP emerged as the clear winner, its overall vote share was only 46.93 percent, the lowest in its history. Several key factors contributed to this outcome despite strong competition from BS. [3]

One major reason was the PAP's last-minute warning that if BS formed the government, the federal government in Kuala Lumpur could respond by sending troops into Singapore and enforcing emergency powers. Many voters were also concerned that BS' opposition to merger with Malaya would jeopardise Singapore's entry into Malaysia. Support for merger was strong among the public, and BS' alignment with Indonesia and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) raised further alarm, especially as Indonesia had declared a Konfrontasi and begun provocative military activity in Borneo. [3]

The English-educated middle class, worried about the rise of communism, voted tactically for the PAP after the left-wing split that created BS. The PAP also gained credit for its achievements in government since 1959. These included the construction of 26,000 flats by the Housing and Development Board (HDB), a reduction in unemployment and expanded investment in public services. Many voters saw continued PAP rule as essential for stability and progress. [3]

Although the opposition won a combined 14 seats, both BS and UPP failed to win most of the seats they contested, due to the split of the anti-PAP vote. Furthermore, 16 incumbent candidates were defeated in this election, most notably cabinet ministers K. M. Byrne and Tan Kia Gan (in the seats of Crawford and Paya Lebar, respectively), the first such instance where a cabinet minister had been defeated in their constituencies. This would not happen again until the 2011 elections, 48 years and 11 elections later, where cabinet ministers Lim Hwee Hua and George Yeo were defeated in their constituency of Aljunied.

The Singapore Alliance Party also lost all seven seats it had held before dissolution. Malaysian Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and UMNO were shocked and surprised at the wipeout of the Singapore Alliance in the election - the ruling Alliance federal government expected to have the strong support of the Singapore Malay vote just like in Peninsular Malaysia, but the PAP swept all of UMNO's Malay constituency seats such as Kampong Kembangan, Geylang Serai and Southern Islands. Tunku attributed this change of attitude to “traitors” within Singapore UMNO. Tunku stated on 27 September 1963, that he would personally direct the affairs of UMNO in Singapore and would play “an important part” in UMNO’s campaign in future elections. This further fuelled mistrust between the PAP state government and the Malaysian federal government. [4] Secretary-General of UMNO, Syed Jaafar Albar, reacted more strongly to the defeat, publicly vowing to “fix” Lee Kuan Yew using “both words and fists” when he showed up in the Malaysian parliament. [4] Other extremists made equally heated speeches during other meetings and floated allegations that the PAP had intimated the Malays to vote against UMNO, even burning an effigy of Lee at a Singapore meeting to show their displeasure. [4] The Singapore Alliance became dormant in 1965, [5] and the Singapore People's Alliance, one of its membership parties, was dissolved on 16 May 1965, shortly before Singapore's independence from Malaysia on 9 August 1965. [6] [7]

In the aftermath of the election, the PAP government passed a constitutional amendment stipulating that legislators who resign or are expelled from the parties they were elected under would lose their seats, in order to discourage future defections. As a result, by-elections were subsequently held in Hong Lim in 1965, seven constituencies in 1966 and five constituencies in 1967. Those victories resulted PAP in achieving a parliament monopoly that would last for the next 15 years until the first elected opposition MP in 1981. The changes during the 1963–1968 parliamentary term remain the biggest turnover of MPs in post-independence Singapore.

The distribution of 15 Singapore seats in Malaysia's lower house of Parliament (Dewan Rakyat) was based on the outcome of the election. PAP was allocated 12, which were given to Prime Minister Lee, Deputy Prime Minister Toh Chin Chye, ministers Goh Keng Swee, Ong Pang Boon, S. Rajaratnam, Yong Nyuk Lin, Jek Yeun Thong, Lim Kim San, Othman Wok and assembly members Abdul Rahim Ishak, Wee Toon Boon and Ho See Beng. BS was allocated 3: Chia Thye Poh, Lim Huan Boon and Kow Kee Seng. [8] [9]

See also

References

  1. "GE2025: 92 out of 97 seats to be contested on May 3, walkover in Marine Parade-Braddell Heights GRC". The Straits Times. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  2. Lau, Albert (1998). A Moment of Anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the Politics of Disengagement. Singapore: Times Academic Press. ISBN   981-210-1349.
  3. 1 2 3 Sonny Yap; Richard Lim; Leong Weng Kam (2010). Men in White: The Untold Story of Singapore's Ruling Political Party. Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings.
  4. 1 2 3 "Singapore's separation from Malaysia". National Library Board .
  5. "Background of Singapore Alliance". Singapore Elections. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  6. "Defeat in Singapore shocks Tengku". The Straits Times. 23 September 1963.
  7. Chia, Joshua Y.J. "Labour Front". National Library Board.
  8. "LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY GENERAL ELECTION 1963". Singapore Elections. Archived from the original on 6 June 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  9. "PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RA'AYAT (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES) OFFICIAL REPORT" (PDF). Dewan Rakyat . Retrieved 19 August 2019.