General elections were held in Singapore on 23 December 1980 to elect all 75 members of Parliament. They were the sixth general elections since the introduction of self-government in 1959 and the fourth since independence in 1965. The number of parliamentary seats increased from 69 to 75 following adjustments to electoral boundaries. Out of the 75 constituencies, 38 were contested while the remaining 37 were won uncontested by the People's Action Party (PAP). A total of 118 candidates stood for election, all of whom were fielded by political parties with no candidates running as independents.
The PAP, led by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, secured a landslide victory by winning all 75 seats, marking the party's fourth consecutive clean sweep since 1968. The party obtained 77.66% of the valid votes cast, continuing to dominate the political landscape. Voter turnout stood at 95% in the contested constituencies, which amounted to 685,141 voters, or approximately half of the total electorate of 1,290,426. The other half of the electorate was not required to vote due to walkovers.[1]
Seven opposition parties, among them the Workers' Party (WP), the United People's Front (UPF), the Barisan Sosialis (BS) and the newly formed Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), contested the elections but failed to secure any seats. In spite of their participation, the result affirmed the PAP's unbroken dominance in Parliament and extended its one-party rule.[1]
On 2 April, Phey Yew Kok, then-President of the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), resigned his Boon Teck seat after being charged with misappropriation of trade union funds. He subsequently absconded to Thailand to evade bail, and no by-election was called as the parliamentary term was nearing its end. Phey remained a fugitive for 35 years before surrendering at the Singapore Embassy in Bangkok in 2015.[2] Against this backdrop, the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) was formally established on 8 September by independent candidate Chiam See Tong, who had contested at Cairnhill in 1976 and at Potong Pasir as part of the 1979 by-elections.[3]
A total of 43 opposition candidates contested 38 constituencies, representing roughly half of the available seats, with the United People's Front fielding the largest number at 14. This election was the first instance, and one of only three in Singapore's history, with the others being the 2006 and 2011, in which no candidates stood as independents. Key issues during the campaign included the school streaming system and the fraud involving Phey Yew Kok, both of which attracted significant public attention.[4]
Party political broadcasts
This election was the first to feature party political broadcasts, a televised programme hosted by the Singapore Broadcasting Corporation (SBC, now Mediacorp) in which political parties fielding at least six candidates under a recognised party symbol were eligible for airtime on free-to-air radio and television. The amount of airtime allocated depended on the number of candidates a party fielded, with a minimum of two minutes for a party with six candidates. The order of presentation was determined by the party with the fewest seats first, and if multiple parties had the same number of seats, the order was decided by lot.
Prior to a broadcast, participating parties were required to submit five copies of their manifestos to SBC.[5] Two broadcasts were held on 17 and 22 December. The United Front and the Workers' Party (WP), both fielding eight candidates, presented first with three minutes each. The United People's Front (UPF), fielding 14 candidates with three and a half minutes, presented third. The People's Action Party (PAP), contesting all 75 seats, presented last with a twelve-minute broadcast.[6]
Similar to previous elections, constituencies were either dissolved or created due to population changes. The constituencies which saw changes were as follows:[7][8]
The result for Lee Kuan Yew's seat of Tanjong Pagar recorded the highest vote share for the fourth consecutive election, achieving 92.74%, its peak since 1968 when it reached 94.34%. Opposition leaders from the Workers' Party (WP) and the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), J. B. Jeyaretnam and Chiam See Tong, who contested Telok Blangah and Potong Pasir respectively, recorded the two narrowest winning margins for the governing PAP, 53.02% to 46.98% and 59.05% to 40.95%. Eight candidates forfeited their $1,500 election deposits, the highest number since 1972. At Kebun Baru and Tanjong Pagar, all opposing candidates lost their deposits in multi-cornered contests, a feat that would not be repeated until 2025.[9]
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