1988 Singaporean general election

Last updated
1988 Singaporean general election
Flag of Singapore.svg
  1984 3 September 1988 1991  

All 81 directly elected seats in Parliament (and up to 3 NCMPs)
Registered1,669,013 [lower-alpha 1]
Turnout94.70% (Decrease2.svg 0.95pp)
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Lee Kuan Yew 90s.jpg JoshuaBenjaminJeyaretnam-Singapore-20051107-cropped.jpg ChiamSeeTong-SDARally-20060502.jpg
Leader Lee Kuan Yew J. B. Jeyaretnam Chiam See Tong
Party PAP WP SDP
Last election64.83%, 77 seats12.65%, 1 seat3.66%, 1 seat
Seats won800+1 NCMP 1
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 3Decrease2.svg 1 Increase2.svg1 NCMP Steady2.svg
Popular vote848,029224,473158,341
Percentage63.17%16.72%11.80%
SwingDecrease2.svg 1.66ppIncrease2.svg 4.07ppIncrease2.svg 8.14pp

Map of the results of the 1988 Singaporean general election.svg
Results by constituency

Prime Minister before election

Lee Kuan Yew
PAP

Prime Minister after election

Lee Kuan Yew
PAP

General elections were held in Singapore on 3 September 1988. President Wee Kim Wee dissolved parliament on 17 August 1988 on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won 80 of the 81 seats. This was the last time Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led the PAP in an election.

Contents

Though the total eligible voter population surpassed one million in 1976, the 1988 elections was the first time that over one million voters were able to vote in contested constituencies. This was not repeated until 2006.

Overview

In 1986, Town Councils were introduced, which also cumulates to the creation of Group Representation Constituencies, a plurality general ticket voting scheme, to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament, starting with three member constituencies. This was also the first election where changes to electoral boundaries were approved by the Prime Minister's Office instead of tabling a bill in Parliament to approve changes. [1]

The Workers' Party absorbed the two parties, Barisan Sosialis (BS) and Singapore United Front to become the largest opposition party and also allied with the Malay party PKMS as a single faction.

In November 1990, two years after the election, the Nominated MP scheme was implemented to introduce non-partisan voices into the legislature. Although the law allowed up to six NMPs, two were appointed at the start and served for a year before the Parliament term ended.

Timeline

DateEvent
14 JunePublication of Electoral Boundaries report
17 AugustDissolution of 6th Parliament
24 AugustNomination Day
3 SeptemberPolling Day
16 September [2] Non-constituency Member of Parliament posts declared
9 January 1989Opening of 7th Parliament

Electoral boundaries

In addition to the creation of the Group Representation Constituency (GRC) scheme, single member constituencies (SMC) were either formed from or absorbed to neighboring constituencies due to development and electorate, which was shown in the table below:

ConstituencyChanges
Formation of Group Representation Constituencies
Aljunied GRC Formed from Aljunied, Kampong Kembangan and Kampong Ubi SMCs
Bedok GRC Formed from Bedok, Kampong Chai Chee and Tanah Merah SMCs
Brickworks GRC Formed from Alexandra, Brickworks and Queenstown SMCs
Cheng San GRC Formed from Cheng San, Chong Boon and Jalan Kayu SMCs
Eunos GRC Formed from Eunos, Kaki Bukit and a portion of Tampines SMCs (the latter was renamed to Tampines North)
Hong Kah GRC Formed from parts of Bukit Batok (Hong Kah North), Hong Kah (Hong Kah Central) and Yuhua SMCs (Hong Kah South)
Jalan Besar GRC Formed from Geylang West, Jalan Besar and Kolam Ayer SMCs.
Marine Parade GRC Formed from Geylang Serai, Joo Chiat and Marine Parade SMCs.
Pasir Panjang GRC Formed from Clementi, Pasir Panjang and West Coast SMCs.
Sembawang GRC Formed from parts of Nee Soon (Chong Pang and Nee Soon East) and most of Sembawang SMCs
Nee Soon Central and Nee Soon South were subsumed into its own SMCs
Tampines GRC Formed from Changkat SMC and Tampines SMC (the latter was divided into Tampines Changkat, Tampines East and Tampines West)
Tiong Bahru GRC Formed from Delta, Henderson, Tiong Bahru and Radin Mas SMCs; Delta was absorbed into Tiong Bahru division.
Toa Payoh GRC Formed from Boon Teck, Khe Bong, Kuo Chuan and Toa Payoh SMCs; Khe Bong was absorbed into Boon Teck division.
New Single Member Constituencies
Bukit Gombak SMC Carved out from Bukit Batok SMC
Hougang SMC Carved out from Punggol SMC
Nee Soon Central SMC
Nee Soon East SMC
Carved out from Nee Soon SMC
Defunct Single Member Constituencies
Anson SMC Absorbed to Tanjong Pagar SMC
Bo Wen SMC Absorbed to Ang Mo Kio SMC
River Valley SMC Absorbed to Cairnhill SMC
Rochore SMC Absorbed to Kampong Glam SMC
Telok Ayer SMC Absorbed to Kreta Ayer SMC

New candidates

The election introduced certain prominent members such as George Yeo, K Shanmugam, Mah Bow Tan, as well as a future WP and opposition leader Low Thia Khiang, who made his debut in Tiong Bahru Group Representation Constituency.

Outgoing candidates

13 MPs retired ahead of the election per the party's renewal, which include Deputy Prime Minister Toh Chin Chye and Senior Minister S. Rajaratnam. Before that, two other MPs had vacated but neither by-elections are called, which were J. B. Jeyaretnam (Anson) and Minister Teh Cheang Wan (Geylang West).

CandidateAgeConstituencySinceReplacement
Ang Kok Peng 61Buona Vista1972Peter Sung
Chai Chong Yii 53Bukit Batok1972 Ong Chit Chung
E.W. Barker 68Tanglin1959 Lew Syn Pau
Eric Cheong 58Toa Payoh1968 Davinder Singh
Fong Sip Chee 50Kampong Chai Chee1963Hong Hai
Jek Yeun Thong 58Queenstown1968 Chay Wai Chuen
Lai Tha Chai 52Henderson1972S Vasoo
Ong Pang Boon 58Telok Ayer1959Merged into Kreta Ayer
Phua Bah Lee 56Tampines1968Split into three different wards
S. Rajaratnam 73Kampong Glam1959Loh Meng See
Tang See Chim 56Chua Chu Kang1966Low Seow Chay
Toh Chin Chye 68Rochor1959Merged into Kampong Glam
Yeo Choo Kok 52Delta1970Merged into Kim Seng

Results

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
People's Action Party 848,02963.1780+3
Workers' Party 224,47316.7210
Singapore Democratic Party 158,34111.8010
National Solidarity Party 50,4323.760New
United People's Front17,2821.2900
Singapore Justice Party 14,6601.0900
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura 13,5261.0100
Angkatan Islam2800.0200
Independents15,4121.1500
Total1,342,435100.0082+2
Valid votes1,342,43597.77
Invalid/blank votes30,6292.23
Total votes1,373,064100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,669,01394.70
Source: Singapore Elections [lower-alpha 2]

With the Singapore Democratic Party leader's Chiam See Tong sole victory in the seat of Potong Pasir, two Non-Constituency MP seats were offered to former solicitor-general and Law Society president, Francis Seow and veteran politician Dr Lee Siew Choh, both of which were standing under the WP ticket in Eunos Group Representation Constituency; their campaign was notable for criticizing PAP for alleged dubious financial circumstances; in response Minister of State Tay Eng Soon went to lead their PAP team for Eunos. Despite losing by a narrow margin of 49.1%-50.9%, WP were eligible for the NCMP; however, Seow fled the country on 17 December to avoid arrest and was disqualified from the post while Lee took up the offer and became Singapore's first NCMP, marking Lee's return to Parliament after 25 years since his last stint as a PAP and BS legislator.

By constituency

ConstituencySeatsElectorate%CandidatesVotes%
Aljunied GRC 365,351 People's Action Party Chin Harn Tong
Wan Hussin B H Zoohri
George Yeo
34,02056.33
Singapore Democratic Party Jufrie Mahmood
Neo Choon Aik
Ashleigh Seow Chuan-Hock
26,37543.67
Ang Mo Kio SMC 114,633 People's Action Party Yeo Toon Chia13,36565.49
National Solidarity Party Ong Kah Seng7,04427.25
Ayer Rajah SMC 122,532 People's Action Party Tan Cheng Bock 14,82469.55
Workers' Party Tan Song Gek6,48930.45
Bedok GRC 354,969 People's Action Party Hong Hai
Ibrahim Othman
S. Jayakumar
28,26654.92
Workers' Party Gertrude De Gracias
Saraswathy Murugason
Seow Khee Leng
23,20345.08
Boon Lay SMC 116,646 People's Action Party Goh Chee Wee11,31771.97
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura Salleh Mohd Bawthan4,40828.03
Braddell Heights SMC 127,019 People's Action Party Goh Choon Kang14,86258.80
Singapore Democratic Party Sin Kek Tong 10,41241.20
Brickworks GRC 343,117 People's Action Party Ahmad Mattar
Chay Wai Chuen
Tan Soo Khoon
26,87067.43
Workers' Party J C Corera
Goh Teng Hoon
Ismail Yaacob
12,97732.57
Bukit Batok SMC 124,138 People's Action Party Ong Chit Chung 12,87355.94
Singapore Democratic Party Kwan Yue Keng10,13944.06
Bukit Gombak SMC 125,221 People's Action Party Seet Ai Mee 12,66153.46
Singapore Democratic Party Ling How Doong 11,02446.54
Bukit Merah SMC 114,723 People's Action Party Lim Chee Onn9,41469.78
Workers' Party Pok Lee Chuen4,07730.22
Bukit Panjang SMC 133,824 People's Action Party Lee Yiok Seng18,31457.28
Singapore Democratic Party Kwek Guan Kwee9,86430.86
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura Ibrahim Ariff3,79011.86
Bukit Timah SMC 120,222 People's Action Party Wang Kai YuenUncontested
Buona Vista SMC 115,850 People's Action Party Peter Sung8,85961.76
Singapore Democratic Party Low Yong Nguan5,03735.11
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura Abdul Karim B Abdul Sattar4493.13
Cairnhill SMC 123,197 People's Action Party Wong Kwei Cheong12,77963.98
Singapore Democratic Party Jimmy Tan Tiang Hoe7,19436.02
Changi SMC 117,145 People's Action Party Teo Chong Tee9,39859.73
Workers' Party Chiam Yeow Juan6,43140.63
Cheng San GRC 356,352 People's Action Party Lee Yock Suan
Chandra Das S
Heng Chiang Meng
Uncontested
Chua Chu Kang SMC 119,628 People's Action Party Low Seow Chay11,05859.28
Workers' Party Goh Seng Soon7,59740.72
Eunos GRC 375,723 People's Action Party Tay Eng Soon
Chew Heng Ching
Zulkifli Mohammed
36,50050.89
Workers' Party Lee Siew Choh [lower-alpha 3]
Mohd Khalit B Md Baboo
Francis Seow [lower-alpha 4]
35,22149.11
Fengshan SMC 117,389 People's Action Party Arthur Beng Kian Lam9,50757.92
Workers' Party Chng Chin Siah6,90742.08
Hong Kah GRC 367,431 People's Action Party A Nasser Kamaruddin
John Chen Seow Phun
Yeo Cheow Tong
Uncontested
Hougang SMC 121,703 People's Action Party Tang Guan Seng 11,98358.96
Workers' Party Lim Chiu Liang8,34241.04
Jalan Besar GRC 354,941 People's Action Party Lee Boon Yang
Peh Chin Hua
Sidek Saniff
31,60462.68
Workers' Party Edmund Richard Marsh
Mohamed Bin Idris
Toh Keng Thong
18,81437.32
Jurong SMC 121,420 People's Action Party Ho Kah Leong 14,76975.17
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura Mohamed Awang4,87924.83
Kallang SMC 121,245 People's Action Party S. Dhanabalan 13,09766.13
Workers' Party A L Sundram6,70733.87
Kampong Glam SMC 121,773 People's Action Party Loh Meng See12,52567.32
Workers' Party Frederick De Wind5,80031.87
Angkatan IslamM Sani Jan2801.51
Kebun Baru SMC 122,515 People's Action Party Lim Boon Heng 15,73475.36
National Solidarity Party Mohamed Affendy Bin Abdul Rahim5,14524.64
Kim Keat SMC 115,850 People's Action Party Ong Teng Cheong 10,64473.00
Singapore Democratic Party Md Shariff Bin Yahya3,93727.00
Kim Seng SMC 118,474 People's Action Party Yeo Ning Hong 11,46066.90
Workers' Party Chin Tian Choo5,67033.10
Kreta Ayer SMC 121,470 People's Action Party Richard Hu 13,15870.50
Workers' Party Loh Fook Cheong5,50729.50
Leng Kee SMC 121,964 People's Action Party Ow Chin Hock 13,33464.96
Workers' Party Chua Chwee Huat Peter7,19235.04
MacPherson SMC 117,063 People's Action Party Chua Sian Chin 10,45365.98
National Solidarity Party Kum Teng Hock5,39034.02
Marine Parade GRC 362,385 People's Action Party Goh Chok Tong
Choo Wee Khiang
Othman Haron Eusofe
41,32573.81
Singapore Justice Party A R Suib
M Ramasamy
Theng Chin Eng
14,66026.19
Moulmein SMC 119,229 People's Action Party Sia Khoon Seong11,33466.08
Workers' Party A Balakrishnan5,81733.92
Mountbatten SMC 117,747 People's Action Party Eugene Yap Giau Cheng12,71278.15
IndependentChiam Pan Boon3,55421.85
Nee Soon Central SMC 124,403 People's Action Party Ng Pock Too 13,39657.61
Singapore Democratic Party Cheo Chai Chen 8,94438.46
United People's FrontGiam Lai Cheng9143.93
Nee Soon South SMC 122,542 People's Action Party Koh Lip Lin 13,79364.88
Singapore Democratic Party Yong Chu Leong6,5330.73
United People's FrontMunjeet Singh9324.39
Pasir Panjang GRC 366,600 People's Action Party Abbas Abu Amin
Bernard Chen Tien Lap
Wan Soon Bee
38,54561.57
Workers' Party Gan Eng Guan
Mohd Taib Sattar
Wee Han Kim
24,05938.43
Paya Lebar SMC 125,076 People's Action Party Philip Tan Tee Yong12,35252.36
Singapore Democratic Party Chew David11,24047.64
Potong Pasir SMC 119,852 Singapore Democratic Party Chiam See Tong 11,80463.13
People's Action Party Kenneth Chen Koon Lap6,89336.87
Punggol SMC 131,577 People's Action Party Ng Kah Ting17,91459.85
Singapore Democratic Party Abdul Rasheed Y. Abdul Kuthus12,01740.15
Sembawang GRC 355,633 People's Action Party Tony Tan
Charles Chong
K. Shanmugam
36,15470.08
United People's FrontAng Bee Lian
Kasim Bin Ibrahim
Harbans Singh
15,43629.92
Serangoon Gardens SMC 124,831 People's Action Party Lau Teik Soon16,23474.17
IndependentHarry Baptist5,65425.83
Siglap SMC 118,650 People's Action Party Abdullah Tarmugi 12,10173.73
Workers' Party Chong Tung Shang4,31126.27
Tampines GRC 365,148 People's Action Party Mah Bow Tan
Aline Wong
Yatiman Yusof
37,21661.00
National Solidarity Party Abdul Malik Bin Ali
Chan Yeng Cheong
Lim Ah Yong
23,79639.00
Tanglin SMC 117,497 People's Action Party Lew Syn Pau Uncontested
Tanjong Pagar SMC 119,041 People's Action Party Lee Kuan Yew 14,04381.60
IndependentM G Guru3,16718.40
Teck Ghee SMC 115,510 People's Action Party Lee Hsien Loong 11,51279.13
IndependentPatrick Leong S C3,03720.87
Telok Blangah SMC 118,609 People's Action Party Koh Lam Son11,16064.21
Workers' Party Tan Soo Phuan6,22035.79
Thomson SMC 134,886 People's Action Party Leong Horn Kee21,51467.01
Singapore Democratic Party Ng Teck Siong10,59032.99
Tiong Bahru GRC 358,898 People's Action Party Chng Hee Kok
Ch'ng Jit Koon
S Vasoo
31,73257.84
Workers' Party Low Thia Khiang
Lim Lye Soon
Gopalan Nair
23,13242.16
Toa Payoh GRC 349,243 People's Action Party Davinder Singh
Ho Tat Kin
Wong Kan Seng
Uncontested
Ulu Pandan SMC 123,587 People's Action Party Dixie Tan 14,43669.07
Singapore Democratic Party George Sita6,46630.93
Whampoa SMC 113,819 People's Action Party Augustine Tan Hui Heng7,52259.47
National Solidarity Party Ken Sunn5,12640.53
Yio Chu Kang SMC 115,991 People's Action Party Lau Ping Sum10,99673.67
National Solidarity Party Rasiah Thiagarajah3,93126.33
Yuhua SMC 119,190 People's Action Party Yu-Foo Yee Shoon 11,49762.96
Singapore Democratic Party Toh Kim Kiat6,76537.04
Source: ELD

Notes

  1. Of which 1,449,838 were in contested constituencies
  2. 219,175 of the 1,669,013 voters were registered in uncontested constituencies
  3. Elected as NCMP on 16 September 1988.
  4. Elected as NCMP on 16 September 1988 but lost his seat with effect from 17 December 1988 due to being convicted and fined for tax evasion.

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References

  1. Singapore Elections. "PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION 1988" . Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  2. National Library Board. "Francis Seow and Siew Choh made non-constituency MPs" . Retrieved 16 July 2020.