The National Front, officially Barisan Nasional (BN), is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1974 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats.
The Sabah Progressive Party is a multiracial political party based in Sabah, Malaysia. It was registered on 21 January 1994 by dissidents led by former Sabah Chief Minister Datuk Yong Teck Lee from United Sabah Party. Formerly a component party in the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, SAPP officially withdrew from BN in September 2008 to become independent. As of 2010, SAPP has two representatives in the national legislature and two in the Sabah State Assembly. In 2016, the party together with Homeland Solidarity Party formed the United Sabah Alliance. It later joined the United Alliance together with STAR and PBS in 2018. The SAPP became the main component party of the national opposition coalition Perikatan Nasional (PN) and Sabah state ruling coalition Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS), the successor of United Alliance that was established in 2020 and registered in 2022. SAPP later withdrew from PN in 2024 after PN decided to contest in the 2025 Sabah state election, of which SAPP strongly disagreed with, based on its principle that the state election should only be contested by local coalitions and parties of Sabah, of which PN is not.
The chief minister of Sabah is the head of government of Sabah, Malaysia. Since September 2020, the position has been held by Hajiji Noor from the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah from the coalition of Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) which had won the 2020 Sabah state election. As in other parts of the Malaysian federation, the Westminster Parliamentary system is adopted, whereby, the leader of the party with the most seats in the state legislature would usually become the chief minister of Sabah. In other words, it is the person commanding the support of the state legislature. The chief minister is appointed by the head of state known as the Yang di-Pertua Negeri. In comparison to other states in Malaysia, the office of the chief minister of Sabah has been held by a more diverse group of people in terms of ethnicity and religion. The post has been held by Kadazan-Dusuns, Bajaus, Malays, Chinese, Muruts, Rungus, Sungai, Idaans, and other persons of mixed heritage as well as being Muslims, Buddhists and Christians.
The 2013 Sabah state election was held on Sunday, 5 May 2013 concurrently with the 13th Malaysian general election. 60 state seats were contested to elect the state legislature in the Malaysian state of Sabah. This was the 12th state election in Sabah. The state legislative assembly was dissolved on 3 April 2013 following the announcement by Najib Razak to dissolve the federal Parliament earlier on the same day. Sabahans would also elect 25 representatives to the federal legislature which would be covered as part of the general election.
Christina Liew is a Hong Kong-born Malaysian politician who has served as the State Minister of Tourism, Culture and Environment of Sabah for the second term in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor since January 2023 and the first term in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN administration in September 2020 as well as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Api-Api since May 2013. She also served as the Deputy Chief Minister III in the WARISAN administration under Shafie from May 2018 to September 2020, and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tawau from May 2018 to November 2022. She is a member and the Division Chief of Api-Api of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition and formerly Barisan Alternatif (BA) and Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions. She has served as Vice President of PH since September 2017. She has also served as Member of the Central Leadership Council (MPP) of PKR and Division Chairperson of Kota Kinabalu of PKR since July 2022. She also served as the State Chairperson of PH of Sabah from August 2017 to December 2024 and State Chairperson of PKR of Sabah from October 2016 to her removal from the position in August 2022. She was also the Vice President of PKR. She was a member of the United Sabah Party (PBS) and Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), component parties of the Gagasan Rakyat (GR) and Barisan Nasional (BN) coalitions.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 14th Parliament of Malaysia.
Datuk Mohamaddin bin Ketapi is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Segama since September 2020. He served as the Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lahad Datu from October 2019 to November 2022 and for Silam from May 2018 to October 2019 as well as MLA for Lahad Datu from August 1986 to October 1990. He also served as the State Assistant Minister of Industrial and Rural Development of Sabah in the United Sabah Party (PBS) state administration under former Chief Minister Joseph Pairin Kitingan from 1986 to 1990. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He was also member of the Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM), member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), a component party of the ruling Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) and Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalitions, member of the Heritage Party (WARISAN) and member of the PBS. He has also served as the 1st State Chairman of PBM of Sabah from August 2022 to his resignation from the party in January 2023. On 30 October 2021, he left WARISAN and became independent in support for GRS. Later, he officially became a member of BERSATU on 26 November 2021. However on 28 June 2022, he left BERSATU and became independent again in support for BN and GRS ruling coalitions after joining it only seven months prior. He then joined PBM and was appointed as its State Chairman of Sabah exactly two months later after leaving BERSATU on 28 August 2022. On 6 January 2023, he left PBM and joined UMNO and supported its withdrawal of support for GRS that triggered the 2023 Sabah political crisis.
Datuk Zakaria bin Mohd Edris is a Malaysian politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Libaran from May 2018 to November 2022, State Assistant Minister of Housing and Local Government of Sabah in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Chief Minister Musa Aman from 2013 to 2018 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Gum-Gum from March 2004 to May 2018. He is a former member of Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), an official main component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) and a former component party of Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition also a former component party of Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. He also a former member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition. He left UMNO to be an independent in 2018 and later joined BERSATU in 2019 until 2023. In 2023, he officially became the member of Sabah People's Ideas Party, the main component party of Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) along with 7 other parties.
General elections were held in Malaysia on Saturday, 19 November 2022. The prospect of snap elections had been considered high due to the political crisis that had been ongoing since 2020; political instability caused by coalition or party switching among members of Parliament, combined with the fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to the resignation of two prime ministers and the collapse of each of their respective coalition governments since the 2018 general elections.
The National Alliance, officially Perikatan Nasional (PN), is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of right-wing political parties. Previously known as the Persatuan Perikatan Parti Malaysia. It is the second largest political coalition in Dewan Rakyat with 74 seats after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 81 seats.
The 2020 Sabah state election took place on 26 September 2020 to elect all 73 elected members of the 16th Sabah State Legislative Assembly. The previous Assembly was dissolved on 30 July 2020.
Hajiji bin Haji Noor is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 16th Chief Minister of Sabah since 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sulaman since 1990. He is also the first official chairman of political coalition party in Sabah, the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Party and 3rd President of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN).
Isnin bin Aliasnih is a Malaysian politician who has served as the State Assistant Minister of Housing and Local Government of Sabah in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor and Ministers Masidi Manjun and Joachim Gunsalam since October 2020 as well as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Klias since May 2018. He is a member of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN), a component party of the GRS coalition and was a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party of Sabah, a component party of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) and formerly GRS coalitions, member of the United Malays National Organisation of Sabah, a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalitions.
Sabah People's Coalition, officially Gabungan Rakyat Sabah Party is a Malaysian coalition of Sabah-based parties. It was established in 2020 and then registered in 2022 by former United Alliance of Sabah (GBS) and United Borneo Alliance (UBA) component parties operating solely in Sabah inspired by the formula of Sarawak-based coalition, Sarawak Parties Alliance (GPS).
The 16th Sabah State Legislative Assembly is the current term of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly, the legislative branch of the Government of Sabah in Sabah, Malaysia. The 16th Assembly consists of 79 members that 73 members were elected in the 2020 Sabah election and 6 members were nominated by the Government and is serving from 26 October 2020 until the next state election.
The Social Democratic Harmony Party is a regional political party based in Sabah, Malaysia founded by Peter Anthony and Juil Nuatim. It aims to represent the interests of the Kadazan-Dusun and Murut people. The KDM is currently aligned to the government as a partner, providing confidence and supply to the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state ruling coalition led by Chief Minister Hajiji Noor. The party picked the acronym KDM, which is a common reference to the native Kadazandusun and Murut communities which the party represents.
Datuk Jamawi bin Ja'afar is a Malaysian politician who served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly for Kemabong from 2018 until 2020. He is a member of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN), a component party of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition and was a member of the United Malays National Organisation of Sabah, a branch of a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He became the GAGASAN Division Chairman of Melalap Branch in March 2023.
United Malays National Organisation of Sabah, also abbreviated as Sabah UMNO, is a branch of the United Malays National Organisation in Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah UMNO supported and was part of the federal government under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim. Sabah UMNO also had one elected representatives holding a deputy ministerial positions respectively in the Anwar Ibrahim cabinet. This branch of UMNO was an independently-built branch in 2018 until 2021, the branch merged back to BN Central Leadership after suffering a split between Ketua Wanita UMNO cawangan Kota Kinabalu and the rebel group between Pemuda UMNO Tuaran and Sipitang.
The 2023 Sabah political crisis or widely reported on local media as Langkah Kinabalu or the Kinabalu Move, began on 6 January 2023, when the state government of Sabah led by Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) collapsed when its coalition party Barisan Nasional (BN) withdrew its support. The Leader of UMNO Sabah, a component party of BN, Bung Moktar Radin, Kinabatangan Member of Parliament (MP) and Lamag Assemblyman, cited a lack of confidence in the leadership of Chief Minister of Sabah Hajiji Noor in the withdrawal. UMNO Sabah want to change support from supporting GRS coalition to supporting the WARISAN Plus coalition. On 9 January, both Malaysian leaders, prime minister Anwar Ibrahim and deputy prime minister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi travelled to Kota Kinabalu to meet with Sabah political leaders. This crisis resulted in the approval of the Anti-Switching Parties Law in Sabah (approved in 25 May 2023).
In Malaysian politics, a frog refers to an act where a politician crosses the bench from one party to another (changing support). This term was first coined in during the 1994 Sabah state elections after United Sabah Party losing its majority even the party won the state elections. Despite its usage nationwide, it is more familiar within the state of Sabah. Since May 25, 2023, nine (9) states of Malaysia has approved the Parties hopping prevention law also known as the "Anti-Switching Parties Law" or "Anti-Hopping Parties Law" for both Parliament and State legislative assembly including Sabah and Sarawak.
