Datuk Seri Panglima Mohd Shafie bin Apdal is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Semporna since April 1995,State Leader of the Opposition of Sabah since September 2020 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Senallang since May 2018. He served as the 15th Chief Minister and the State Minister of Finance of Sabah from May 2018 to September 2020,Minister of Rural and Regional Development from April 2009 to July 2015 and Vice-President of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He has served as the 1st and founding President of Heritage Party (WARISAN) since October 2016. He lost the power as Chief Minister of Sabah following the defeat of his coalition WARISAN + in the 2020 state election.
Dato Sri Haji Fadillah bin Haji Yusof is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia since 2022,Minister of Energy Transition and Water Transformation since 2023 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Petra Jaya since March 2004. He is the first DPM from Sarawak,one of the Borneo states in Malaysia and the second DPM not from the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) after Wan Azizah Wan Ismail from the People's Justice Party (PKR).
Dato Sri Alexander Nanta Linggi is a Malaysian politician. He is Secretary-General of both Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB) and its coalition Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS). He has served as Minister of Works in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since December 2022. He served as the Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and his first term in Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021 as well as the Deputy Minister of Rural and Regional Development in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Najib Razak and former Ministers Shafie Apdal and Ismail Sabri Yaakob from May 2013 to the collapse of the BN administration in May 2018. He has also served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kapit since November 1999.He is also the cousin of Wilson Ugak Kumbong,the Deputy Minister of Digital and MP for Hulu Rajang.
The Alliance of Hope is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been part of a "Unity Government" since November 2022 together with other political coalitions and parties as a result of the 2022 Malaysian general election,and previously for 22 months after it had won the 2018 Malaysian general election until February 2020 when it lost power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis at the federal level. The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 election,ending its 60-year-long reign since independence.
Datuk Christina Liew is a Hong Kong-born Malaysian politician who has served as the State Minister of Tourism,Culture and Environment of Sabah for the second term in the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) state administration under Chief Minister Hajiji Noor since January 2023 and the first term in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN administration in September 2020 as well as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Api-Api since May 2013. She also served as the Deputy Chief Minister III in the WARISAN administration under Shafie from May 2018 to September 2020,and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tawau from May 2018 to November 2022. She is a member and Division Chief of Api-Api of the People's Justice Party (PKR),a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition and formerly Barisan Alternatif (BA) and Pakatan Rakyat (PR) opposition coalitions. She has served as Vice President of PH since September 2017 and State Chairperson of PH of Sabah since August 2017. She has also served as Member of the Central Leadership Council (MPP) of PKR and Division Chairperson of Kota Kinabalu of PKR since July 2022. She also served as the State Chairperson of PKR of Sabah from October 2016 to her removal from the position in August 2022. She was also the Vice President of PKR. She was a member of the United Sabah Party (PBS) and Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA),component parties of the Gagasan Rakyat (GR) and Barisan Nasional (BN) coalitions.
Datuk Mohamaddin bin Ketapi is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Segama since September 2020. He served as the Minister of Tourism,Arts and Culture in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lahad Datu from October 2019 to November 2022 and for Silam from May 2018 to October 2019 as well as MLA for Lahad Datu from August 1986 to October 1990. He also served as the State Assistant Minister of Industrial and Rural Development of Sabah in the United Sabah Party (PBS) state administration under former Chief Minister Joseph Pairin Kitingan from 1986 to 1990. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He was also member of the Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM),member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU),a component party of the ruling Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) and Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalitions,member of the Heritage Party (WARISAN) and member of the PBS. He has also served as the 1st State Chairman of PBM of Sabah from August 2022 to his resignation from the party in January 2023. On 30 October 2021,he left WARISAN and became independent in support for GRS. Later,he officially became a member of BERSATU on 26 November 2021. However on 28 June 2022,he left BERSATU and became independent again in support for BN and GRS ruling coalitions after joining it only seven months prior. He then joined PBM and was appointed as its State Chairman of Sabah exactly two months later after leaving BERSATU on 28 August 2022. On 6 January 2023,he left PBM and joined UMNO and supported its withdrawal of support for GRS that triggered the 2023 Sabah political crisis.
Datuk Ali anak Biju is a Malaysian politician and civil engineer who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Saratok since May 2018. He served as the Deputy Minister of Energy and Natural Resources for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and former Minister Takiyuddin Hassan from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and the first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin and former Minister Shamsul Anuar Nasarah from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021,Member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Krian from April 2011 to December 2021. He is a member of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU),a component party of the PN coalition and was a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR),a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. He also served as the Vice President of PKR from December 2018 to his resignation from the party in February 2020. He took part in the Sheraton Move,a successful attempt to overthrow PH administration and serves as a member of the Federal-State Relations Select Committee. He is the sole Sarawak PN MP and one of the only two Christian MPs of PN alongside Ronald Kiandee.
The 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis was triggered after several Members of Parliament (MPs) of the 14th Malaysian Parliament changed party support,leading to the loss of a parliamentary majority,the collapse of two successive coalition governments,and the resignation of two Prime Ministers. The political crisis culminated in a 2022 snap general election and eventual formation of a coalition government.
Abdul Rahman bin Mohamad is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Deputy Minister of Human Resources in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Minister Steven Sim Chee Keong since December 2023 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lipis since May 2013. He served as the Deputy Minister of Works in the PH administration under Prime Minister Anwar and Minister Alexander Nanta Linggi from December 2022 to December 2023,Deputy Minister of Rural Development I in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and former Minister Mahdzir Khalid from August 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and his first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin and former Minister Abdul Latiff Ahmad from March 2020 to the collapse of the PN administration in August 2021. He also served as Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Padang Tengku from March 2004 to May 2013. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of the BN coalition.
Mohamad bin Haji Alamin is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim as well as Ministers Zambry Abdul Kadir and Mohamad Hasan since December 2022 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kimanis since January 2020. He served as the Deputy Minister of Education II in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob and former Minister Radzi Jidin from September 2021 to the collapse of the BN administration in November 2022 and Chairman of the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO) from May 2020 to March 2022. He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of the BN coalition.
Mohammad bin Mohamarin is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Banggi since May 2018. He served as the State Assistant Minister of Education and Innovation of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal and former State Minister Yusof Yacob from May 2018 to the collapse of WARISAN state administration in September 2020. He is a member of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN),a component party of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition. He was member of the WARISAN and United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
Ewon Benedick is a Malaysian politician who has served as Minister of Entrepreneur and Cooperatives Development in the Anwar Ibrahim Cabinet since December 2022,the Member of Parliament (MP) for Penampang since November 2022 and Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Kadamaian since May 2018. He served as State Minister of Rural Development of Sabah in the Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN state administration in September 2020. He is a member of the United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO),a component party of the PH coalition. He has served as the 3rd President of UPKO since January 2023. He was also Vice President of UPKO before his promotion to the party presidency in January 2023. He is one of the two UPKO MPs and sole UPKO MLA. He was set to officially take over Wilfred Madius Tangau as the 3rd UPKO president after the UPKO party election in the party triennial delegates convention on 16 October 2022. However on 10 October 2022,the 14th Parliament was dissolved and the 2022 general election was to be held on 19 November 2022,the convention was delayed to 15 January 2023.
Datuk Yusof bin Yacob is a Malaysian politician who has served as Chairman of Qhazanah Sabah Berhad since January 2023 and the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sindumin since May 2018. He served as State Minister of Education and Innovation of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN administration in September 2020,Deputy Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat from May 2004 to December 2007 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Sipitang from April 1995 to March 2008. He is a member of the Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN),a component party of the Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) coalition. He was a member of the WARISAN,before leaving the party on 8 October 2021 to become an independent in support of the ruling GRS coalition. He was also member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO),a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) which he left in 2018. On 22 May 2022,he confirmed that he had applied to rejoin and was pending return to BN and UMNO after leaving them four years ago. However,his application was not accepted before he withdrew the application and joined GAGASAN instead on 21 January 2023.
Dumi bin Pg Masdal is a Malaysian politician who has served as Member of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Silam since October 2019. He served as the State Assistant Minister of Rural Development of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal and former Minister Ewon Benedick from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN state administration in September 2020 and MLA for Lahad Datu from May 2018 to October 2019. He is a member of WARISAN.
Datuk Jaujan bin Sambakong is a Malaysian politician who has served as the Member of Sabah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Sulabayan since May 2013. He served as the Deputy Chief Minister of Sabah III and State Minister of Housing and Local Government of Sabah in the Heritage Party (WARISAN) state administration under former Chief Minister Shafie Apdal from May 2018 to the collapse of the WARISAN state administration in September 2020. He is a member of WARISAN. He was a member of the United Malays National Organisation of Sabah,a branch of a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.
The 16th Sabah State Legislative Assembly is the current term of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly,the legislative branch of the Government of Sabah in Sabah,Malaysia. The 16th Assembly consists of 79 members that 73 members were elected in the 2020 Sabah election and 6 members were nominated by the Government and is serving from 26 October 2020 until the next state election.
The Anwar Ibrahim cabinet is the current federal cabinet of Malaysia,formed on 3 December 2022,nine days after Anwar Ibrahim took office as the 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia. The composition of the cabinet was announced by Anwar a day earlier on 2 December 2022,consisting of most of the political coalitions and parties represented in the 15th Parliament. Although Perikatan Nasional (PN) was also invited to join the government,it decided to decline the invitation and instead formed the opposition. The government is often referred to as "unity government".
Dato' Sri Huang Tiong Sii is a Malaysian politician and businessman who has served as Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability in the Unity Government administration under Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Minister Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad since December 2023,the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sarikei since November 2022 as well as Member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Repok since May 2016. He served as the Deputy Minister of Natural Resources,Environment and Climate Change in the PH administration under Prime Minister Anwar and Minister Nik Nazmi from December 2022 to December 2023. He is a member,Vice President and Division Chief of Sarikei of the Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP),a component party of the Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) and formerly Barisan Nasional (BN) coalitions. He also served as Director of the logging firm MM Golden (M) Sdn Bhd prior to his deputy ministerial appointment.
The 2023 Sabah political crisis or widely reported on local media as Langkah Kinabalu or the Kinabalu Move,began on 6 January 2023,when the state government of Sabah led by Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS) collapsed when its coalition party Barisan Nasional (BN) withdrew its support. The Leader of UMNO Sabah,a component party of BN,Bung Moktar Radin,Kinabatangan Member of Parliament (MP) and Lamag Assemblyman,cited a lack of confidence in the leadership of Chief Minister of Sabah Hajiji Noor in the withdrawal. UMNO Sabah want to change support from supporting GRS coalition to supporting the WARISAN Plus coalition. On 9 January,both Malaysian leaders,prime minister Anwar Ibrahim and deputy prime minister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi travelled to Kota Kinabalu to meet with Sabah political leaders. This crisis resulted in the approval of the Anti-Switching Parties Law in Sabah (approved in 25 May 2023).
In Malaysian politics,a frog refers to an act where a politician crosses the bench from one party to another (changing support). This term was first coined in during the 1994 Sabah state elections after United Sabah Party losing its majority even the party won the state elections. Despite its usage nationwide,it is more familiar within the state of Sabah. Since May 25,2023,nine (9) states of Malaysia has approved the Parties hopping prevention law also known as the "Anti-Switching Parties Law" or "Anti-Hopping Parties Law" for both Parliament and State legislative assembly including Sabah and Sarawak.
