Timeline
There have been 84 women in the Dewan Rakyat since the establishment of the Parliament of Malaysia. In the 14th Malaysian Parliament, there are 33 female representatives, or 14.86% of the body. [1]
Women have had the right to both vote and sit in parliament since 1959 and all states and territories have been represented by a woman in the Dewan Rakyat. [2] [3] [4]
This is a complete list of women who have served as members of the Dewan Rakyat, ordered by seniority. This list includes women who served in the past and who continue to serve in the present. [5] [6]
| Parliament | Number of women members | Percentage of women members | Total members (including men) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 3 | 2.88% | 104 |
| 1st (after 1963) | 4 | 2.52% | 159 |
| 2nd | 3 | 1.89% | 159 |
| 2nd (after 1965) | 3 | 2.08% | 144 |
| 3rd | 3 | 2.08% | 144 |
| 4th | 5 | 3.25% | 154 |
| 4th (after 1975) | 6 | 3.90% | 154 |
| 5th | 7 | 4.55% | 154 |
| 6th | 8 | 5.19% | 154 |
| 7th | 9 | 5.08% | 177 |
| 8th | 11 | 6.11% | 180 |
| 9th | 15 | 7.81% | 192 |
| 10th | 20 | 10.36% | 193. |
| 11th | 23 | 10.50% | 219. |
| 12th | 25 | 11.26% | 222. |
| 12th (after 2008) | 24 | 10.81% | 222. |
| 12th (after 2010) | 25 | 11.26% | 222. |
| 12th (after 2011) | 24 | 10.81% | 222. |
| 13th | 23 | 10.36% | 222. |
| 13th (after 2015) | 24 | 10.81% | 222 |
| 13th (after 2016) | 23 | 10.36% | 222 |
| 13th (after 2016) | 24 | 10.81% | 222 |
| 14th | 32 | 14.41% | 222 |
| 14th (after 2019) | 33 | 14.86% | 222 |
Politics of Malaysia takes place in the framework of a federal representative democratic constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is head of state and the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the federal government and the 13 state governments. Legislative power is vested in the federal parliament and the 13 state assemblies. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature, though the executive maintains a certain level of influence in the appointment of judges to the courts.
The Parliament of Malaysia is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.
The Dewan Rakyat is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament, the federal legislature of Malaysia. The chamber and its powers are established by Article 44 of the Constitution of Malaysia. The Dewan Rakyat sits in the Houses of Parliament in Kuala Lumpur, along with the Dewan Negara, the upper house.
Elections in Malaysia include elections to public office of the political entities that since 1963 have composed the federation of Malaysia. At present, elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: federal level and state level. Federal level elections are those for membership in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies. The heads of executive branch at both the federal and state levels, the Prime Minister and Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers respectively, are indirectly elected, usually filled by a member of the majority party/coalition in the respective legislatures.
The Dewan Negara is the upper house of the Parliament of Malaysia, consisting of 70 senators of whom 26 are elected by the state legislative assemblies, with two senators for each state, while the other 44 are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), including four who are appointed to represent the federal territories.
The Election Commission of Malaysia, abbreviated SPR or EC, is a commission set up for ensuring fair and equitable operations in undertaking the elections in Malaysia. Its establishment is mandated by executive order of the former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. The agency falls under the purview of the Prime Minister's Department.
The Alliance Party was a political coalition in Malaysia. The Alliance Party, whose membership comprised United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), was formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957. It was the ruling coalition of Malaya from 1957 to 1963, and Malaysia from 1963 to 1973. The coalition became the Barisan Nasional in 1973.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the First Parliament of the Federation of Malaya, elected in 1959.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 4th Parliament of Malaysia, elected in 1974.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 5th Parliament of Malaysia, elected in 1978.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 6th Parliament of Malaysia, elected in 1982.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 10th Parliament of Malaysia, elected in 1999.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Rakyat of the 11th Parliament of Malaysia, elected in 2004.
There have been 136 women in the Dewan Negara since the establishment of the Parliament of Malaysia. As of 2018, there are 14 female senators, or 20.00% of the body.
Isnaraissah Munirah binti Majilis @ Fakharudy is a Malaysian politician who served as the Deputy Minister of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and former Minister Yeo Bee Yin from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020. She has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kota Belud since May 2018.
There have been 309 ethnic Chinese in the Dewan Rakyat since the establishment of the Parliament of Malaysia. As of 2018, there are 48 representatives, or 21.62% of the body.
There have been 65 ethnic Indians in the Dewan Rakyat since the establishment of the Parliament of Malaysia. As of 2018, there are 15 representatives, or 6.75% of the body.
This article is an overview of representation of women in Malaysia's state legislative assemblies.
This is a list of Members of the Malaysian Parliament who represented multiple states during their federal parliamentary career.
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