Women in the House of Representatives of Jamaica

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Jamaica is the first English-speaking country in the Caribbean to achieve universal adult suffrage and grant women the right to be elected to Parliament. [1] Between 1944 and 2020, a total of 47 women have been elected as members of the House of Representatives. As of September 2020 there are 18 women in the House of Representatives, the highest ever. This is a new all-time high at 29% and is the first time that female representation in the House of Representatives stands at more than a quarter of the total membership. [2]

Contents

Universal Adult Suffrage

Iris Collins was the first woman elected to Parliament (1944). Iris Collins.png
Iris Collins was the first woman elected to Parliament (1944).
Rose Leon was the first woman cabinet member (1953). Francoise Foliot - Togo - 041 - Rose Agatha Leon.jpg
Rose Leon was the first woman cabinet member (1953).
Portia Simpson-Miller is Jamaica's first woman prime minister (2006-2007) and (2011-2016). Portia Miller Shoot.Jpeg
Portia Simpson-Miller is Jamaica's first woman prime minister (2006-2007) and (2011-2016).

Women in Jamaica gained the right to vote in 1919, but that right was subject to property and income requirements. [3] By 1917 there was a branch of the Women's Citizens League was established. [4]

The country was granted full adult suffrage on November 20, 1944. The new system extended voting rights to adults irrespective of their race, sex, or social class. [3]

On December 12 of the same year, Jamaica became only the third state in the British Empire to conduct elections on the basis of universal adult suffrage, preceded only by New Zealand (1893) and the United Kingdom (1918). The election was won by the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), which claimed 22 seats; the People’s National Party (PNP) and the Independents won five seats each. [5] Of the 32 new members of the Assembly, there was only one woman, Iris Collins, representing the JLP.

Over the period 1944 to 1976, only 5 women had been elected to the House of Representatives: Iris Collins, Rose Leon, Iris King, Enid Bennett, and Esme Grant.

Landmarks and records

Political firsts for women in the House of Representatives

Records

Portia Simpson-Miller is the longest serving female MP in the history of the House of Representatives. She was MP for Saint Andrew South Western from 1976 to 1983 and from 1989 to until her retirement from active politics in 2017. Enid Bennett was the longest continuously-serving female MP. She was MP for St. Catherine Central from 1967 to 1976 and represented St. Catherine West Central from 1976 to 1989. Olivia Grange is currently the longest-serving sitting female MP in Parliament. [6]

PartyNameConstituencyYear electedYear leftLength of continuous termLength of cumulative term
PNP Portia Simpson-Miller Saint Andrew South Western 1976 201728 years 5 months35 years 5 months
JLP Enid Bennett St. Catherine Central & St. Catherine West Central 1967 1997 30 years 10 months30 years 10 months
JLP Olivia Grange Kingston Central & St. Catherine Central 1993 29 years 2 months29 years 2 months
JLP Shahine Robinson St. Ann North Eastern 2001202019 years 2 months19 years 2 months
JLP Marisa Dalrymple-Philibert Trelawny Southern 2007 14 years 8 months14 years 8 months
PNP Lisa Hanna St. Ann South Eastern 2007 14 years 8 months14 years 8 months

Historic representation

As of August 2020, there are 18 female MPs in the House of Representatives, 29% of the House. [2] [7] The number of female members from the Jamaica Labour Party is 14 out of 49 members, also 29%, a record for any political party, and also tied with the People's National Party (4 out of 14 members).

The previous record was after the 2016 election when 12 women (19%) was elected to parliament. With the resignation of Portia Simpson-Miller in 2017, this number was temporarily reduced to 11. After by-elections in 2017 and 2019, with the election of Angela Brown-Burke and Ann-Marie Vaz, respectively, the number of women in the House of Representatives rose to 13, thus exceeding 20% for the first time.

Women in the House of Representatives by election year and by party

Election
Year
Women totalJLP WomenPNP Women
2020
18 / 63(29%)
14 / 49(29%)
4 / 14(29%)
2016
12 / 63(19%)
8 / 32(25%)
4 / 31(13%)
2011
8 / 63(13%)
4 / 21(19%)
4 / 42(10%)
2007
8 / 60(13%)
4 / 33(12%)
4 / 27(15%)
2002
7 / 60(12%)
3 / 26(12%)
4 / 34(12%)
1997
8 / 60(13%)
1 / 10(10%)
7 / 50(14%)
1993
7 / 60(12%)
2 / 8(25%)
5 / 52(10%)
1989
3 / 60(5%)
1 / 15(7%)
2 / 45(4%)
1983
9 / 60(15%)
9 / 60(15%)
(uncontested)
1980
7 / 60(12%)
6 / 51(12%)
1 / 9(11%)
1976
5 / 60(8%)
2 / 13(15%)
3 / 47(6%)
1972
2 / 53(4%)
1 / 16(6%)
1 / 37(3%)
1967
2 / 53(4%)
2 / 33(6%)
0 / 20(0%)
1962
1 / 45(2%)
1 / 26(4%)
0 / 19(0%)
1959
1 / 45(2%)
0 / 16(0%)
1 / 29(3%)
1955
1 / 32(3%)
1 / 14(7%)
0 / 18(0%)
1949
1 / 32(3%)
1 / 17(6%)
0 / 13(0%)
1944
1 / 32(3%)
1 / 22(5%)
0 / 10(0%)

Women Speakers of the House of Representatives

Women Speakers 1944–present
1997 Violet Neilson (PNP) No image.svg
2011 Marisa Dalrymple-Philibert (JLP) No image.svg
2020 Marisa Dalrymple-Philibert (JLP) No image.svg

Women Attorneys-General

Attorneys-General 1962–present
2007 Dorothy Lightbourne (JLP) No image.svg
2016 Marlene Malahoo Forte (JLP) Marlene Malahoo Forte.jpg

Women in Cabinet

Current Female Cabinet members (JLP)

Female Cabinet members after 2016 (JLP)

Women Cabinet Ministers 1944–present
1953 Rose Leon (JLP) Francoise Foliot - Togo - 041 - Rose Agatha Leon.jpg
1972 Phyllis MacPherson-Russell (PNP) No image.svg
1980 Mavis Gilmour (JLP) No image.svg
1989 Portia Simpson-Miller (PNP) Portia Miller Shoot.Jpeg
2000 Maxine Henry-Wilson (PNP) No image.svg
2006 Aloun Ndombet-Assamba (PNP) No image.svg
2007 Olivia Grange (JLP) No image.svg
2007 Dorothy Lightbourne (JLP) No image.svg
2012 Lisa Hanna (PNP) Lisa Hanna (cropped).jpg
2016 Kamina Johnson-Smith (JLP) Jamaican Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister Kamina Johnson Smith - 2017 (36999447206) (cropped portrait).jpg
2016 Shahine Robinson (JLP) Shahine Robinson official portrait.jpg
2016 Fayval Williams (JLP) Williams-fayval-2017-jm.png

Female MPs

See also

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References

  1. "A Moment In History – Jamaica Is Granted Universal Adult Suffrage". Jamaica Gleaner . April 21, 2015. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  2. 1 2 Erica Virtue (September 4, 2020). "JLP floods House with women". Jamaica Gleaner . Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  3. 1 2 "70 years of universal adult suffrage". Jamaica Gleaner . November 21, 2014. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  4. "US Heads Into World War I In March 1917". Queens Gazette. March 3, 2004. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  5. "Jamaica General Election Results - 14 December 1944". Caribbean Elections. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  6. "Jamaica General Election Results (1944-2016)" (PDF). National Library of Jamaica . Retrieved 2020-09-24.
  7. "Women in the House". Jamaica Observer . September 7, 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-08.