The current speakership position was established in the 1990s, following the formation of the Somaliland polity. Since July 2023, Yasin Haji Mohamoud has been the Speaker of the House of Representatives of Somaliland, while Said Mire Farah is the first deputy speaker and Ali Hamud the second deputy speaker.[1][2] The Speaker of the House of Elders is Suleiman Mohamoud Adan, who was elected in 2004.[3]
The following year in 2003, Somaliland held its first presidential elections. The result was a victory for incumbent President Dahir Riyale Kahin, who won by a margin of just 0.01%. The outcome was initially rejected by the main opposition, which led to violence and a subsequent ban on public protests for a ten-day period starting on 22 April.[5] Nevertheless, the International Crisis Group labeled the election a democratic "milestone" for the breakaway state.[6]
On 11 May the Somaliland Supreme Court endorsed Kahin's victory.[7] He was sworn in on 16 May.[8]
Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud “Silanyo” (Kulmiye) defeated incumbent Dahir Riyale (UDUB). President Riyale had publicly announced that he would step down and hand over power peacefully if he was defeated.[10]
President Riyale’s third term of office should have expired on 15 May 2008. The election that was to have been held at least one month earlier had been rescheduled six times. The last delay was ostensibly caused by the unilateral decision of the previous National Electoral Commission (NEC) not to use a voter registration list tainted by massive, systematic fraud. This prompted both opposition parties to declare an election boycott and suspend cooperation with the commission. The crisis was defused in September 2009, when the parties, under strong external and internal pressure, accepted a memorandum of understanding (MOU) agreeing to a change in the NEC’s leadership and composition.[11]
In November 2017, Presidential elections were held in Somaliland, Muse Bihi Abdi (Kulmiye) won with 55% against Irro, succeeding President Silanyo. The elections were initially postponed by six months due to a drought crisis in the region.[13] The elections to elect the President and Vice President were eventually held separately on 13 November.[14] Incumbent President Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud of the Peace, Unity, and Development Party (Kulmiye) did not run for a second term.[15]
The election had a 53% voter turnout, with around 648,000 of the 1.2 million registered voters participating.[18]
The Supreme Constitutional Court formally validated these results, confirming Irro’s victory along with that of his running mate, Mohamed Ali Abdi Mohamud, for vice president. The Court similarly approved Waddani as the leading political party, followed by Kulmiye and the newcomer KAAH Party replacing UCID in official party status for the next decade[19]
2024 Somaliland Elections regional vote comparison by party
↑ "Somaliland's court confirms election of Kahin as president". Agence France-Presse. 2003-05-11.
↑ Hersi, Mohamed Farah (2015). Confronting the Future of Somaliland's Democracy: Lessons from a Decade of Multi-Partyism and the Way Forward. Hargeisa, Somaliland: the Academy for Peace and Development (APD). p.22.
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