Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country comprising the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's fourth largest island, the second-largest island country and the 46th largest country in the world. Its capital and largest city is Antananarivo.
Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament, which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Madagascar elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people, by absolute majority through a two-round system. The Parliament has two chambers. The National Assembly has 151 members, elected for a five-year term in single-member and two-member constituencies. In single-member constituencies, representatives are elected by simple majority, in the two-member constituencies, closed party lists are used, with the two seats distributed using a highest averages method. The Senate (Sénat) has 33 members, 22 members elected by the regions by provincial electors, and 11 members appointed by the president, all for 5 year terms.
The Malagasy Revolutionary Party, better known by its Malagasy acronym AREMA, is a political party in Madagascar. It was the ruling party of the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, a one-party socialist state, from 1976 to 1992 under the names Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution and Vanguard for Malagasy Renovation until 2002.
The Senate is the upper chamber of the bicameral Parliament of Madagascar. The Senate has 18 members: 12 are indirectly elected, one from each of the 22 regions of Madagascar, and 6 are appointed by the President.
The National Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of Madagascar. The Assembly has 163 members, elected for five-year terms in single-member and two-member constituencies.
Richard Mahitsison Andriamanjato was a Malagasy politician.
The current Constitution of Madagascar was, according to the national electoral commission, endorsed by a majority of voters in the constitutional referendum held on 14 November 2010. The new constitution launched the Fourth Republic of Madagascar and was widely seen as an attempt to consolidate and legitimise the rule of Andry Rajoelina and his High Transitional Authority government which was installed after a military-backed coup d'état against President Marc Ravalomanana at the beginning of the ongoing national political crisis. One substantive change from the constitution of the Third Republic was to lower the minimum age for presidential candidates from 40 to 35. This made Rajoelina, aged 36 at the time, eligible to stand in presidential elections.
The Democratic Republic of Madagascar was a socialist state that existed on the island of Madagascar from 1975 to 1992.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy–French politician and media mogul who has served as president of Madagascar since 2019. He was previously president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup, having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena, Rajoelina was involved in the private sector, including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
Abdoul Fatah is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections with 53% of the votes. He represents the first constituency of Antsiranana.
Mampihao is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He represents the constituency of Betroka.
Fidson Mananjara is a Malagasy politician. He was member of the National Assembly of Madagascar as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party, he represented the constituency of Soanierana Ivongo after the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections.
Andrianantoandro Raharinaivo is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections; he represents the constituency of Ambohidratrimo.
Mamy Rakotoarivelo was a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary election, representing the third constituency of Antananarivo. He was found dead on 28 July 2017 with a gunshot wound and a gun near his hands.
Tsimisotry Ramanantsoa is a Malagasy politician. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections. He represents the constituency of Morafenobe.
Henri François Victor Randrianjatovo was a Malagasy politician and sportsman. He was elected a member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party in the 2007 Malagasy parliamentary elections; he represented the constituency of Faratsiho.
Léon Rasalama is a Malagasy politician and president of the basketball club SEBAM from Mahajanga. A member of the National Assembly of Madagascar, he was elected as a member of the Tiako I Madagasikara party; he represents the second constituency of Mahajanga II (district).
The Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies was a French colony off the coast of Southeast Africa between 1897 and 1958 in what is now Madagascar. The colony was formerly a protectorate of France known as Malagasy Protectorate. The protectorate became a colony, following Queen Ranavalona III's exile to Réunion.
Lucien Xavier Michel-Andrianarahinjaka was a Malagasy writer, poet, and politician. He was born in Fianarantsoa, and studied at the University of Bordeaux 3 and Paris-Sorbonne University. In 1977, he was elected to the National Assembly of Madagascar, and was also elected its president. He won reelection in 1983 and 1989, and was reelected president each year until 1991, when the National Assembly was dissolved. In addition to his political career, he was a writer and poet, best known for his work involved the oral tradition of several Malagasy ethnic groups.
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