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| Turnout | 53.95% (first round) 48.09% (second round) | ||||||||||||||||
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 Madagascarportal |
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 7 November. As no candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round involving the top two candidates, Andry Rajoelina and Marc Ravalomanana, was held on 19 December. [1] On 27 December Rajoelina was announced as the winner with 56% of the vote. [2]
The President of Madagascar is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a run-off will be held. [3]
Former President Marc Ravalomanana, who resigned following a political crisis in 2009, announced that he would run again for the presidency. [4] His successor, Andry Rajoelina, also announced his intention to contest the elections. [5] Incumbent Hery Rajaonarimampianina unsuccessfully sought to block Ravaolmanana and Rajoelina from running on grounds that they had participated in the 2009 coup d'état. In September 2018, Rajaonarimampianina stepped down to run for reelection, allowing a caretaker government to administer the vote, in accordance with the constitution. [6]
There were a record 36 candidates in the race (surpassing the previous record of 33), including four of the five most recent presidents. [7] However, only five candidates were women, seen by some of illustrating the historic patriarchal dominance of Malagasy politics and culture. [8]
Despite the majority of Malagasy people living in poverty, the elections are expected to be one of the most expensive per capita in 2018. The top three candidates; Hery Rajaonarimampianina, Andry Rajoelina, and Marc Ravalomanana are at a significant financial advantage over the other contenders, with candidate Ny Rado Rafalimanana complaining that due to financial constraints, it was impossible for any other candidate to compete with the top three, as there are no campaign finance limits. [9] Some election observers believe that the winner of the election will have more to do with that candidate's financial power and influence than their political positions. The lavish spending on the election has also been criticized due to the large amount of poverty in the country, with many believing the money could be better spent elsewhere. [10]
Although two-thirds of the population is under 25, turnout and interest among young people is low. [11]
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Andry Rajoelina | Young Malagasies Determined | 1,954,023 | 39.23 | 2,586,938 | 55.66 | |
| Marc Ravalomanana | Tiako I Madagasikara | 1,760,837 | 35.35 | 2,060,847 | 44.34 | |
| Hery Rajaonarimampianina | Hery Vaovao ho an'ny Madagasikara | 439,070 | 8.82 | |||
| Andre Christian Dieu Donne Mailhol | GFFM | 63,391 | 1.27 | |||
| Joseph Martin Randriamampionona | Total Refoundation of Madagascar | 57,903 | 1.16 | |||
| Ny Rado Rafalimanana | FOMBA | 57,476 | 1.15 | |||
| Andrianiaina Paul Rabary | MIASA | 48,980 | 0.98 | |||
| Randriamanantsoa Tabera | KINTANA | 48,705 | 0.98 | |||
| Haingo Andrianjakamalala Rasolofonjoa | Avotra ho an'ny firenena | 47,932 | 0.96 | |||
| Mamy Richard Radilofe | Roso ho amin'ny Demokrasia Sosialy | 42,748 | 0.86 | |||
| Eliana Bezaza | Social Democratic Party | 40,882 | 0.82 | |||
| Jean Ravelonarivo | Antokom-Bahoaka | 29,224 | 0.59 | |||
| Lalaoarisoa Marcellin Andriantseheno | Tafajiaby | 28,252 | 0.57 | |||
| José Michel Andrianoelison | ARO-RIAKA | 26,572 | 0.53 | |||
| Richard Razafy Rakotofiringa | SJIAM | 26,534 | 0.53 | |||
| Andriamparany Benjamin Radavidson | National Unity, Freedom & Development | 25,420 | 0.51 | |||
| Saraha Rabeharisoa | Liberal Democratic Party | 23,685 | 0.48 | |||
| Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana | PARRAINAGE | 23,437 | 0.47 | |||
| Didier Ratsiraka | Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar | 22,222 | 0.45 | |||
| Roland Ratsiraka | Malagasy Tonga Saina | 21,377 | 0.43 | |||
| Serge Jovial Imbeh | Antoky ny Fivoaran'ny Malagasy | 18,962 | 0.38 | |||
| Zafimahaleo Dit Dama Mahaleo Rasolofondraosolo | Manajary Vahoaka | 16,367 | 0.33 | |||
| Omer Beriziky | Antsika Madagasikara | 15,352 | 0.31 | |||
| Jean Jacques Ratsietison | Fahefa-Mividy no Ilain'ny Malagasy | 15,281 | 0.31 | |||
| Erick Francis Rajaonary | Malagasy Miray sy Mifankatia | 14,758 | 0.30 | |||
| Rivomanantsoa Orlando Robimanana | Madagsikara Vina sy Fanantenana | 14,561 | 0.29 | |||
| Fanirisoa Ernaivo | ZAMA–PATRAM | 14,117 | 0.28 | |||
| Arlette Ramaroson | PARRAINAGE | 12,645 | 0.25 | |||
| Falimampionona Rasolonjatovo | FITAMBOLAGNELA/IAD | 12,276 | 0.25 | |||
| Jean Max Rakotomamomjy | LEADER-Fanilo | 11,377 | 0.23 | |||
| Rolland Jules Etienne | Madagasikara Fivoarana | 10,756 | 0.22 | |||
| Bruno Rabarihoela | Fahazavan'i Madagasikara | 9,981 | 0.20 | |||
| Roseline Emma Rasolovoahangy | Ezaka Mampandroso Antsika | 8,578 | 0.17 | |||
| Jean Louis Zafivao | Gasy Mifankatia | 6,162 | 0.12 | |||
| Stephan Narison | Antoko Gasy Miara Mandroso | 5,675 | 0.11 | |||
| Solo Norbert Randriamorasata | Democratic Union of the Christians of Madagascar | 5,086 | 0.10 | |||
| Total | 4,980,604 | 100.00 | 4,647,785 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 4,980,604 | 92.79 | 4,647,785 | 97.49 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 386,946 | 7.21 | 119,557 | 2.51 | ||
| Total votes | 5,367,550 | 100.00 | 4,767,342 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 9,949,083 | 53.95 | 9,913,599 | 48.09 | ||
| Source: Constitutional Court (first round, second round) | ||||||
Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament, which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Marc Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixth President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. Born into a farming Merina family in Imerinkasinina, near the capital city of Antananarivo, Ravalomanana first rose to prominence as the founder and CEO of the vast dairy conglomerate TIKO, later launching successful wholesaler MAGRO and several additional companies.
Albert Zafy was a Malagasy politician and educator who served as the fourth President of Madagascar from 1993 to 1996. In 1988, he founded the National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD).
Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was the third President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and the fifth from 1997 to 2002. At the time of his death, he was the longest-serving President of Madagascar.
Madagascar elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people, by absolute majority through a two-round system. The Parliament has two chambers. The National Assembly has 151 members, elected for a five-year term in single-member and two-member constituencies. In single-member constituencies, representatives are elected by simple majority, in the two-member constituencies, closed party lists are used, with the two seats distributed using a highest averages method. The Senate (Sénat) has 33 members, 22 members elected by the regions by provincial electors, and 11 members appointed by the president, all for 5 year terms.
Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixteenth Prime Minister of Madagascar and acting President of Madagascar from 1996 to 1997.
Iarovana Roland Ratsiraka is a Malagasy politician.
Ny Hasina Andriamanjato is a Malagasy politician who served in the government of Madagadcar as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy politician and businessman who has served as president of Madagascar since 2023. He previously served as president from 2019 to 2023, and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup, having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena, Rajoelina was involved in the private sector, including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
Monja Roindefo Zafitsimivalo is a Malagasy politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from March 2009 to October 2009. He was appointed on 7 February 2009 by opposition leader Andry Rajoelina at the head of Rajoelina's rival government; later, on 17 March, Andry Rajoelina was installed in power by the military, and Monja Roindefo officially took over as Prime Minister.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17, 2009, as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina, who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military, which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
General elections were held in Madagascar on 20 December 2013, following a first round of presidential elections on 25 October. The presidential elections in December were a runoff between Jean Louis Robinson and Hery Rajaonarimampianina, the top two candidates to emerge from the first round of voting in October. The official results of the second round were announced on 7 January 2014 with Rajaonarimampianina proclaimed the victor with nearly 54% of the vote.
Brigadier General Albert Camille Vital is a Malagasy Army officer, politician and civil engineer who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2009 to 2011 after the 2009 Coup d'Etat. He is the president of the Parti Hiaraka Isika.
A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009.
The Third Republic of Madagascar (officially called the Republic of Madagascar refers to the 18-year-long period in Malagasy history after the dissolution of the socialist regime in 1992.
Jean-Louis Richard Robinson is a Malagasy politician and medical doctor.
Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoarimanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the seventh President of Madagascar from 2014 to 2018, resigning to run for re-election.
Events in the year 2018 in Madagascar.
Christian Louis Ntsay is a Malagasy politician who is serving as the prime minister of Madagascar since 2018. He was appointed by President Hery Rajaonarimampianina following Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana’s resignation due to widespread protests throughout the country. Ntsay is considered a technocrat and has worked for the United Nations.
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Madagascar on 9 November 2023, with a second round on 20 December if required. On 12 October 2023, it was announced that the election would be postponed by one week to 16 November because of pre-election unrest.
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