Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.
General Marcel Razanakombana Ranjeva is a Malagasy politician. He was the Minister of Defense in the government of Madagascar under President Didier Ratsiraka until he resigned on March 8, 2002, and pledged his support to Marc Ravalomanana, the opposition presidential candidate who claimed to have won the December 2001 presidential election. Ravalomanana appointed Ranjeva as Minister of Foreign Affairs in May 2002, and he remained Foreign Minister until Ravalomanana's ouster in March 2009. He was succeeded by Ny Hasina Andriamanjato on March 23, 2009; he was present for the ceremony transferring control of the ministry and wished Andriamanjato luck.
The Madagascar Plan was a plan proposed by the Nazi German government to forcibly relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar. Franz Rademacher, head of the Jewish Department of the German Foreign Office, proposed the idea in June 1940, shortly before the Fall of France. The proposal called for the handing over of control of Madagascar, then a French colony, to Germany as part of the eventual peace terms.
The Malagasy Protectorate was a French protectorate in what is now Madagascar. Through the protectorate, France attempted to control the foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Imerina through its representative at Antananarivo. France declared the island a protectorate in 1882 after reaching an agreement with Britain, which had been the first European power to establish a lasting influence and presence on the island that dated back to the arrival of London Missionary Society missionaries around 1820; Britain agreed to sanction French claims to Madagascar in exchange for French recognition of its claims to Zanzibar. The French justified the establishment of a protectorate on the basis of land claims over outlying islands like Nosy Be and Nosy Boraha and a treaty signed with a local leader of the western coastal Sakalava people. It was further justified through documents signed by King Radama II, including a letter he was possibly tricked into signing that entreated Napoleon III to support a coup d'état against Ranavalona I, and land ownership agreements with French industrialist Joseph-François Lambert that were revoked upon Radama's assassination in 1863. It ended in 1897 as Madagascar became a French colony.
Ny Hasina Andriamanjato is a Malagasy politician who served in the government of Madagadcar as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010.
Rainilaiarivony was a Malagasy politician who served as the prime minister of Madagascar from 1864 to 1895, succeeding his older brother Rainivoninahitriniony, who had held the post for thirteen years. His career mirrored that of his father Rainiharo, a renowned military man who became prime minister during the reign of Queen Ranavalona I.
Madagascar–Russia relations are the bilateral foreign relations between Madagascar and Russia. The establishment of diplomatic relations between Madagascar and the Soviet Union started on September 29, 1972. Russia has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in Moscow.
The 2009 Malagasy political crisis began on 26 January 2009 with the political opposition movement led by Antananarivo mayor Andry Rajoelina, which sought to oust President Marc Ravalomanana from the presidency. The crisis reached its climax in the 2009 Malagasy coup d'état when Andry Rajoelina was declared the president of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar on 21 March 2009, five days after Ravalomanana transferred his power to a military council and fled to South Africa.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17, 2009, as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina, who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military, which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
Eloi Alphonse Maxime Dovo is a Malagasy diplomat and politician. He was Ambassador of Madagascar to Russia from 2003 to 2018, and minister of Foreign Affairs since 11 June 2018 in the Christian Ntsay government.
India–Madagascar relations refers to the current and historical relationship between India and Madagascar. India has an embassy in Antananarivo and Madagascar has an embassy in New Delhi.
Béatrice Jeanine Atallah is a Malagasy politician from Lebanese origins who has served as Madagascar's Minister of Foreign Affairs since January 2015 until August 2017.
Hippolite Rarison Ramaroson is a Malagasy vice admiral and politician. During the 2009 Malagasy political crisis and after President Marc Ravalomanana stepped down, he became acting President of Madagascar for several hours on 17 March 2009, before transferring power to Andry Rajoelina. He went on to serve as Minister of Foreign Affairs and one of three Vice Prime Ministers in the High Transitional Authority from 2010 to 2011.
Madagascar–Vietnam relations refer to bilateral relations between Madagascar and Vietnam. The two countries established official relations since 1972, Madagascar's embassy in Beijing, China functions as the non-resident embassy to Vietnam, while Vietnam is accredited to Madagascar through its embassy in Maputo, Mozambique. Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Group of 77 and Non-Aligned Movement.
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