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Yang di-Pertuan Negara, translated from Malay as "(he) who is Lord", is a title for the head of state, and has been used as an official title at various times in Singapore and Brunei, not to be confused with the four non-monarchical heads of Malaysian states known as Yang di-Pertua Negeri, nor the head monarch of Malaysia who is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, also known as the Supreme Head or the King, is the constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the commander-in-chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces. The office was established in 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence from the United Kingdom. Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy with an elected monarch as head of state. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is one of the few elected monarchs in the world.
The Yang di-Pertua Negeri is the official title of the ceremonial governors of the Malaysian states without monarchs, namely Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. They are appointed to renewable four-year terms by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the federal head of state of Malaysia on the advice of the Prime Minister after consulting the state governments. A Yang di-Pertua Negeri is entitled to the style Tuan Yang Terutama (T.Y.T.), or in English, His Most Excellency.
The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government and the highest political office in Malaysia. The prime minister leads the executive branch of the federal government. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs, the prime minister, usually the leader of the party winning the most seats in a general election. On 24 February 2020, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong reappointed him to hold the position in interim until a new prime minister is appointed.
The Parliament of Malaysia is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara (Senate). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) as the Head of State is the third component of Parliament.
The Federal Constitution of Malaysia, which came into force in 1957, is the supreme law of Malaysia. The Federation was initially called the Federation of Malaya and it adopted its present name, Malaysia, when the States of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore became part of the Federation. The Constitution establishes the Federation as a constitutional monarchy having the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the Head of State whose roles are largely ceremonial. It provides for the establishment and the organisation of three main branches of the government: the bicameral legislative branch called the Parliament, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate ; the executive branch led by the Prime Minister and his Cabinet Ministers; and the judicial branch headed by the Federal Court.
The states and federal territories of Malaysia are the principal administrative divisions of Malaysia. Malaysia is a federation comprising 13 states (Negeri) and 3 federal territories.
The Dewan Negara is the upper house of the Parliament of Malaysia, consisting of 70 senators of whom 26 are elected by the state legislative assemblies, with two senators for each state, while the other 44 are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), including four who are appointed to represent the federal territories.
The Attorney General of Malaysia is the principal legal adviser to the Government of Malaysia. The Attorney General is also the highest ranking public prosecutor in the country and is also known as the Public Prosecutor, or simply PP. The powers with regards to prosecution is contained in Article 145(3) of the Federal Constitution. For instance, exercisable at his discretion, the Attorney General may institute, conduct or discontinue any proceedings for an offence, other than proceedings before a Syariah court, a native court or a court-martial.
This article lists important figures and events in Malaysian public affairs during the year 1969, together with births and deaths of notable Malaysians. Race riots following the general election of 10 May led to the dissolution of parliament and an interim legislative council being put in place.
This article lists important figures and events in Malayan public affairs during the year 1962, together with births and deaths of significant Malayans.
The Government of Malaysia officially the Federal Government of Malaysia is based in the Federal Territory of Putrajaya with the exception of the legislative branch, which is based in the national capital of Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia is a federation of 13 states operating within a constitutional monarchy under the Westminster parliamentary system and is categorised as a representative democracy. The federal government of Malaysia adheres to and is created by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, the supreme law of the land.
The Installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is a ceremony that formally marks the beginning of the reign of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the Malaysian head of state.
The 1977 Kelantan Emergency took place in the state of Kelantan in Malaysia. The state of emergency was declared by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 8 November 1977 upon the request of the federal government following a political impasse and street violence in Kelantan. This was the fifth and last declaration of emergency in Malaya and Malaysia after the 1948-1960 Malayan Emergency, 1962 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis and the 1969 13 May Incident.
The Malaysia Bill is an annex of the Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore. It gave effect to the Agreement where that the British colonies of North Borneo, Sarawak and the State of Singapore should be federated with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya and the name of the federation should be Malaysia, and the Federal constitution wherewith to amend and adopt the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya so as to provide for the admission of those States. it adopted its present name, the name of the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya should be changed into Constitution of Malaysia.
The Chief Minister of Sarawak is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. The Federal Constitution and State Constitution provides that the Yang ii-Pertuan Negeri may, in his discretion, appoint any member of the State Legislative Assembly who, in his judgement, commands the support of a majority of the members of that chamber as Chief Minister. By convention, the Chief Minister is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly.
This is a list of the members of the Dewan Negara (Senate) of the Second Parliament of Malaysia.
There have been 136 women in the Dewan Negara since the establishment of the Parliament of Malaysia. As of 2018, there are 14 female senators, or 20.00% of the body.
The following is the list of members of the Dewan Negara (Senate) of the 14th Malaysian Parliament as of 9 December 2019. 26 out of 70 senators, i.e. two senators for each state, are elected by their respective State Legislative Assembly for three-year term. The other 44, including four senators representing Federal Territories, are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong also for three-year term.
References
- ↑ "Senate Archive List of Senators". Parliament of Malaysia . Retrieved 2018-08-04.
- ↑ "Hansard Majlis Mengangkat Sumpah". Parliament of Malaysia . Retrieved 2018-08-04.
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