Abbreviation | Libintern |
---|---|
Formation | April 1947, constituted with the Oxford Manifesto |
Type | Political international |
Purpose | World federation of liberal political parties and organisations |
Headquarters | National Liberal Club |
Location | |
Region served | Worldwide |
Membership | 90 political parties and 21 international organizations (as of May 2022) |
President | Hakima El Haite |
Main organ | Congress of Liberal International |
Website | liberal-international |
Liberal International (LI) is a worldwide organization of liberal political parties. The political international was founded in Oxford in 1947 and has become the pre-eminent network for liberal parties aiming to strengthen liberalism around the world. Its headquarters are at 1 Whitehall Place, London, SW1A 2HD, within the National Liberal Club. The Oxford Manifesto describes the basic political principles of the Liberal International, which is currently made up of 111 parties and organizations.
The Liberal International Constitution (2005) gives its purposes as:
to win general acceptance of Liberal principles which are international in their nature throughout the world, and to foster the growth of a free society based on personal liberty, personal responsibility and social justice, and to provide the means of co-operation and interchange of information between the member organisations, and between men and women of all countries who accept these principles.
The principles that unite member parties from Africa, America, Asia and Europe are respect for human rights, free and fair elections and multi-party democracy, social justice, tolerance, market economy, free trade, environmental sustainability and a strong sense of international solidarity.
The aims of Liberal International are also set out in a series of seven manifestos, written between 1946 and 1997, and are furthered by a variety of bodies including a near-yearly conference for liberal parties and individuals from around the world. [1]
Part of a series on |
Liberalism |
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The bureau of Liberal International is elected every 18 months by the delegates of the congress. [2]
The 14th president of Liberal International is Hakima el Haite of the Mouvement Populaire (Morocco), is a former Minister of Environment, UN climate champion, and climate scientist. Madam El Haite succeeded Dr Juli Minoves, formerly Andorra's foreign minister and representative to the United Nations.
Former Presidents include Hans Van Baalen MEP, John, Lord Alderdice, Dutch politician and former European Commissioner Frits Bolkestein, German politician Otto Graf Lambsdorff, and Spain's first democratically elected prime minister after Francoist Spain, Adolfo Suárez.
The secretary-general of Liberal International is Gordon Mackay, a former Member of the National Assembly of South Africa. Other members of the bureau include Deputy President Prof. Karl-Heinz Paque; and Vice Presidents Cellou Dalein Diallo (Guinea), Kitty Monterrey (Nicaragua), Abir al-Sahlani (Sweden), Kiat Sittheamorn (Thailand) and Robert Woodthorpe Browne (United Kingdom). There are two elected treasurers, Judith Pallares MP (Andorra) and Minister Omar Youm (Senegal).
Liberal International awards prizes to individuals in the areas of human rights and liberalism.
Prize for Freedom:
The Liberal International Prize for Freedom is LI's most prestigious human rights award. Conveyed annually since 1984 to an individual of liberal conviction who has made outstanding efforts for the defence of freedom and human rights, recipients include Maria Corina Machado of Venezuela, Senator Leila de Lima of the Philippines, Raif Badawi of Saudi Arabia, Waris Dirie of Somalia and Vaclav Havel of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic.
Medal of Liberalism:
The Liberal International Medal of Liberalism is awarded to individuals who have worked to advance liberal values on a local, national and international level. Recipients include President Alassane Ouattara of Ivory Coast, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel of Luxembourg, President Tsai Ing-wen of Taiwan and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe leader Sir Graham Watson of the United Kingdom.
The LI Human Rights Bulletin is published three times per year and consists of opinion articles, video interviews and digest of the work of the LI human rights committee.
Thematic publications are published online and in print on an ad hoc basis. Recent texts have offered a liberal perspective on issues ranging from freedom of belief to the responsibility to protect. ʒ
Because inter-war International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties ceased to operate in the beginning of the World War II, on 16 June 1946 representatives of the Liberal Party of Belgium, British Liberal Party, French Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party, Danish Social Liberal Party, Freedom Party of the Netherlands, Free Democratic Party of Switzerland, People's Party of Sweden, Italian Liberal Party and the representatives of Spanish Liberals in exile assembled in Brussels and adopted the Declaration of Brussels, which called for creation of world liberal organization.
The Oxford Manifesto, drawn up in April 1947 at Wadham College in Oxford by representatives from 19 liberal political parties from South Africa, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Spain, Estonia, United Kingdom, United States, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia and Turkey is a document describing the basic political principles of the Liberal International. Creation of its main principles were led by Salvador de Madariaga. [3]
The Oxford Manifesto was inspired by the ideas of William Beveridge [ citation needed ] and is regarded as one of the defining political documents of the 20 century.[ citation needed ]
Fifty years on, in 1997, Liberal International returned to Oxford and issued a supplement to the original manifesto, The Liberal Agenda for the 21st century, describing Liberal policies in greater detail. The second Oxford Manifesto was adopted by the 48th Congress of Liberal International, which was held on 27–30 November 1997 in the Oxford Town Hall. [4] In 2017, the global federation marked its 70th anniversary with the adoption of the Andorra Liberal Manifesto for the twenty-first century (ALM). A three-year project across numerous continents initiated by then president Juli Minoves, the ALM embodied the widest consultation of views undertaken by Liberal International in order to compile a policy document. [5]
N° | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Country | Presidency | Membership | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Salvador de Madariaga (1886–1978) | United Kingdom Spain (exiled) | 20 April 1948 | 18 April 1952 | Association Mont Pelerin Society | |
2 | Roger Motz (1904–1964) | Belgium | 18 April 1952 | 20 April 1958 | Liberal Party | |
3 | Giovanni Malagodi (1904–1991) | Italy | 20 April 1958 | 15 April 1966 | Italian Liberal Party | |
4 | Edzo Toxopeus (1918–2009) | Netherlands | 15 April 1966 | 25 April 1970 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy | |
5 | Gaston Thorn (1928–2007) | Luxembourg | 25 April 1970 | 18 April 1982 | Democratic Party | |
(3) | Giovanni Malagodi (1904–1991) | Italy | 18 April 1982 | 26 April 1989 | Italian Liberal Party | |
6 | Adolfo Suárez (1932–2014) | Spain | 26 April 1989 | 22 April 1992 | Democratic and Social Centre | |
7 | Otto Graf Lambsdorff (1926–2009) | Germany | 22 April 1992 | 25 April 1994 | Free Democratic Party | |
8 | David Steel (1938–) | United Kingdom | 25 April 1994 | 15 April 1996 | Liberal Democrats | |
9 | Frits Bolkestein (1933–) | Netherlands | 15 April 1996 | 18 April 2000 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy | |
10 | Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck (1944–) | Belgium | 18 April 2000 | 25 April 2005 | Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten | |
11 | John Alderdice (1955–) | United Kingdom | 25 April 2005 | 20 April 2009 | Liberal Democrats and Alliance Party of Northern Ireland | |
12 | Hans van Baalen (1960–2021) | Netherlands | 20 April 2009 | 26 April 2014 | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy | |
13 | Juli Minoves (1969–) | Andorra | 26 April 2014 | 30 November 2018 | Liberal Party of Andorra | |
14 | Hakima El Haite (1963–) | Morocco | 30 November 2018 | Incumbent | Popular Movement |
LI has 90 political parties.
Country | Name | Government |
---|---|---|
Hong Kong | Mr Martin Lee – founding chairman of Democratic Party | Extra-parliamentary |
Cooperating and regional organisations are groups with a recognised status in the constitution of Liberal International as bodies that share the values and objectives of LI but do not operate as a political party. Co-operating organisations have the right of representation but in no case the right to vote at statutory events. LI has 12 cooperating organizations.
The International is also in a loose association with the following 10 organisations:
Organization | Country |
---|---|
Centre Jean Gol | Belgium |
Fondazione Luigi Einaudi | Italy |
Fondazione Critica Liberale | |
Liberal Institute | Germany |
Teldersstichting | Netherlands |
The Bertil Ohlin Institute | Sweden |
Education Policy Institute | United Kingdom |
European Liberal Forum | Europe |
Livres (movement) [12] | Brazil |
Paddy Ashdown Forum [13] | United Kingdom |
Classical liberalism is a political tradition and a branch of liberalism that advocates free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law, with special emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech. Classical liberalism, contrary to liberal branches like social liberalism, looks more negatively on social policies, taxation and the state involvement in the lives of individuals, and it advocates deregulation.
The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party is a European political party composed of 60 national-level parties from across Europe, mainly active in the European Union. The ALDE Party is affiliated with Liberal International and a recognised European political party, incorporated as a non-profit association under Belgian law.
The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands. The VVD, whose forerunner was the Freedom Party, is a party of the centre-right, which promotes private enterprise and economic liberalism.
The Liberals of Andorra is a conservative-liberal political party in Andorra. It is a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
The European People's Party (EPP) is a European political party with Christian-democratic, liberal-conservative, and conservative member parties. A transnational organisation, it is composed of other political parties. Founded by primarily Christian-democratic parties in 1976, it has since broadened its membership to include liberal-conservative parties and parties with other centre-right political perspectives. On 31 May 2022, the party elected as its President Manfred Weber, who was also EPP's Spitzenkandidat in 2019.
Social liberalism is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that endorses social justice, social services, a mixed economy, and the expansion of civil and political rights, as opposed to classical liberalism which supports unregulated laissez faire capitalism with very few government services.
Liberal conservatism is a political ideology combining conservative policies with liberal stances, especially on economic issues but also on social and ethical matters, representing a brand of political conservatism strongly influenced by liberalism.
The Rally of the Republicans is a liberal party in Ivory Coast. The party is the country's governing party; the party's leader, Alassane Ouattara, is the current President of Ivory Coast.
This article gives information on liberalism worldwide. It is an overview of parties that adhere to some form of liberalism and is therefore a list of liberal parties around the world.
The term "illiberal democracy" describes a governing system that hides its "nondemocratic practices behind formally democratic institutions and procedures". There is a lack of consensus among experts about the exact definition of illiberal democracy or whether it even exists.
Alassane Dramane Ouattara is an Ivorian politician who has been President of Ivory Coast since 2010. An economist by profession, he worked for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Central Bank of West African States, and was the Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from November 1990 to December 1993, appointed to that post by then-President Félix Houphouët-Boigny. Ouattara became the President of the Rally of the Republicans (RDR), an Ivorian political party, in 1999.
The Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom (FNF), is a German foundation for liberal politics, related to the Free Democratic Party. Established in 1958 by Theodor Heuss, the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany, it promotes individual freedom and classical liberalism. Usually still referred to as the Friedrich Naumann Foundation, the foundation supplemented its name in 2007 with the words "for Freedom".
Pan-European liberalism has been a political force since the establishment of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party in 1976.
Juli Minoves i Triquell is an Andorran diplomat, author, and the 13th President of Liberal International.
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law. Liberals espouse various and often mutually warring views depending on their understanding of these principles but generally support private property, market economies, individual rights, liberal democracy, secularism, rule of law, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion, constitutional government and privacy rights. Liberalism is frequently cited as the dominant ideology of modern history.
Liberalism, the belief in freedom, equality, democracy and human rights, is historically associated with thinkers such as John Locke and Montesquieu, and with constitutionally limiting the power of the monarch, affirming parliamentary supremacy, passing the Bill of Rights and establishing the principle of "consent of the governed". The 1776 Declaration of Independence of the United States founded the nascent republic on liberal principles without the encumbrance of hereditary aristocracy—the declaration stated that "all men are created equal and endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, among these life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness". A few years later, the French Revolution overthrew the hereditary aristocracy, with the slogan "liberty, equality, fraternity" and was the first state in history to grant universal male suffrage. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, first codified in 1789 in France, is a foundational document of both liberalism and human rights, itself based on the U.S. Declaration of Independence written in 1776. The intellectual progress of the Enlightenment, which questioned old traditions about societies and governments, eventually coalesced into powerful revolutionary movements that toppled what the French called the Ancien Régime, the belief in absolute monarchy and established religion, especially in Europe, Latin America and North America.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1975, adopted unanimously on March 30, 2011, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire, including resolutions 1572 (2004), 1893 (2009), 1911 (2010), 1924 (2010), 1933 (2010), 1942 (2010), 1946 (2010), 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011), the Council demanded that Laurent Gbagbo step down as President and imposed sanctions on him and his close associates.
Hakima El Haite is a Moroccan climate scientist, entrepreneur and politician.
The International Network of Liberal Women (INLW) is an association of women from around the world who support liberal values, which they define as "Individual freedom, human rights, the rule of law, tolerance, equality of opportunity, social justice, free trade and market economy." It is a member of Liberal International.
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