Organization of Turkic States

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Organization of Turkic States
  • Azerbaijani:Türk Dövlətləri Təşkilatı
    Hungarian:Türk Államok Szervezete
    Kazakh:Түркі мемлекеттерінің ұйымы
    Kyrgyz:Түркий мамлекеттеринин уюму
    Turkish:Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı
    Turkmen:Türki döwletleriň guramasy
    Uzbek:Turkiy davlatlar tashkiloti
Emblem of the Organization of Turkic States.svg
Emblem
Motto: 
Together We Are Stronger!
  • Biz birlikdə daha güclüyük! (Azerbaijani)
  • Erősebbek vagyunk együtt! (Hungarian)
  • Біз бірге мықтымыз! (Kazakh)
  • Биз бирге күчтүрөөкбүз! (Kyrgyz)
  • Biz birlikte daha güçlüyüz! (Turkish)
  • Biz bilelikde has güýçli! (Turkmen)
  • Biz birgalikda kuchliroqmiz! (Uzbek)
Organization of Turkic States (orthographic projection).svg
  Member states
  Observer states
Political centres
Largest city Istanbul
Official languages
Working languages English
Other languages
Demonym(s) Turkic
Type Intergovernmental organization [1]
Membership [2]
Leaders
 Secretary-General
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg Kubanychbek Ömüraaly uulu
 Chairman
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
 Honorary Chairman
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Nursultan Nazarbayev
Establishment
 Nakhchivan Agreement
3 October 2009
 Last polity admitted
12 November 2021
Area
 Total
4,242,362 km2 (1,637,985 sq mi)(unranked)
Population
 2023 estimate
160,616,392
  1. Parliamentary Assembly
  2. Europe Office
  3. General Secretariat
  4. Regional Diaspora Center
  5. Turkic Academy
  6. Spiritual capital

The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an intergovernmental organization comprising all but one of the internationally recognized Turkic sovereign states: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan; while Hungary and Turkmenistan are observers. Its overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among the Turkic peoples. First proposed by Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009 in Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is located in Turkey's Istanbul.

Contents

In addition to Turkmenistan, the organization has also admitted Hungary and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as observers, although the latter is only recognized by Turkey. [3]

During the 8th summit in Istanbul in 2021, the organization was restructured and adopted its current name. [4] [5] [6] [7]

History

The organization was established on 3 October 2009 as the Cooperation Council of the Turkic Speaking States (Turkic Council), by the Nakhchivan Agreement signed among Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey. According to Halil Akıncı, the founding Secretary-General of the organization, the Turkic Council became the first voluntary alliance of Turkic states in history. [8]

In 2012, the flag of the Turkic Council was adopted at its 2nd Summit, which took place in Bishkek on 23 August 2012 and officially raised on 12 October 2012. The flag combines the symbols of the four founding member states: the light blue color of the flag of Kazakhstan which also evokes the traditional Turkic color of turquoise, the sun of the flag of Kyrgyzstan, the star of the flag of Azerbaijan and the crescent of the Turkish flag.

On 30 April 2018, it was announced that Uzbekistan would join the Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States [9] and attend the upcoming summit of the organisation in Bishkek. [10] It formally applied for membership on 12 September 2019. [11]

Since late 2018, Hungary has been an observer and may request full membership. [12] Turkmenistan received the observer status in 2021. [13]

In November 2021, the organization was renamed the Organization of Turkic States. [14]

Of great importance is the comprehensive structure of the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World, in which local governments from 30 countries and regions are represented. 10 June, 2022 6th Congress of the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World. [15]

In 2022, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was admitted to the organisation as an observer member. [16]

Purpose

Headquarters of The Organization of Turkic States. Turk Devletleri Teskilati Merkez Ofisi 1.jpg
Headquarters of The Organization of Turkic States.

Nominally, the Preamble of the Nakhchivan Agreement reaffirms the will of Member States to adhere to the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, and defines the main objective of the Organization of Turkic States as further deepening comprehensive cooperation among Turkic Speaking States, as well as making joint contributions to peace and stability in the region and in the world. Member States have nominally confirmed their commitment to democratic values, human rights, the rule of law, and principles of good governance.

The Nakhchivan Agreement sets out the main purposes and tasks of the Organization as follows:

Structure and operation

Main organs of the Organization of Turkic States include: [18]

The main decision-making and governing body of the Organization of Turkic States is the Council of Heads of State, which is presided over by the President whose country holds the chairmanship. The chairmanship rotates on an annual basis. All activities of the Organization of Turkic States are coordinated and monitored by its Secretariat, which is located in Istanbul in accordance with the Nakhchivan Agreement. Presidents meet once a year in a previously determined Turkic city. Senior officials, Aksakals, as well as other Ministers and government officials, all meet on a regular basis.

Affiliated bodies and organizations

The Turkic-speaking areas Map-TurkicLanguages.png
The Turkic-speaking areas

OTS functions as an umbrella for organization like:

International cooperation

OTS is an observer at the Economic Cooperation Organization and has also applied for an observer status at the UN and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Besides, OTS maintains close cooperative relations with the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia.[ citation needed ]

Projects

Since its founding agreement defines comprehensive cooperation among Turkic states as the organization's main objective and raison d'être, the Organization of Turkic States is working on a variety of projects. The projects are grouped under six cooperation processes, which are: economy, culture, education, transport, customs, and diaspora. Examples of the projects include establishing the Turkic University Union [19] and writing a common history textbook. The Organization of Turkic States also works on ways to boost economic development in underdeveloped regions of Member States. The Secretariat brings together Economy Ministers, Education Ministers, Transport Ministers, Heads of Customs Administrations, and other senior officials from different ministries and agencies in order to work on ways to promote cooperation in relevant spheres. Prior to being brought before ministers and heads of administrations, projects and issues of cooperation are elaborated by working groups. One recently launched project is the establishment of a mechanism for closer cooperation among Turkic diasporas all over the world.

Joint investment fund

In November 2020, Kyrgyz Minister of Foreign Affairs Ruslan Kazakbaev pointed that Organization of Turkic States members have to strengthen their economic relations, they have to establish a joint investment fund and build its center on Kyrgyzstan on his meeting with Turkish Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu. [20] Baghdad Amreyev visited Minister of Treasury and Finance of Turkey Lütfi Elvan and sides talked about establishment of Joint Investment Fund. [21] In September 2021, on meeting of Turkic ministers responsible for the economy, sides negotiated about a Turkic Joint Investment Fund feasibility work and agreement to establish the fund. [22]

Common Alphabet

In September 2022, on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Language Festival, the Organization of Turkic States decided to establish a "Common Alphabet Commission" within the body of OTS for a unified alphabet of the Turkic world. During the event, scientists from the Turkic states gave information about the alphabets and historical processes used in their own countries, and thus it was emphasized that the transition processes to the common alphabet should be accelerated, and the application should be widespread. The commission, which will hold its first meeting in Kyrgyzstan, will observe the work of the common alphabet and report to the Council of Elders. [23]

Simplified Customs Corridor

On 11 November 2022, in the city of Samarkand, the member countries of the Organization of Turkic States signed an agreement "On the establishment of simplified customs corridor". [24] Azerbaijan was the first member country to enact the agreement, in May 2023 the Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed a law creating the simplified customs corridor. [25]

Summits

7th Summit of Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States in Baku Baku hosts 7th Summit of Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States 01.jpg
7th Summit of Cooperation Council of Turkic-Speaking States in Baku

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the newly independent Turkic States of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as well as Turkey organized Summits of the Heads of Turkic Speaking States, the first of which took place in 1992 in Ankara. With the establishment of Turkic Council, at the 10th Summit it was decided to rename the top-level meetings to Turkic Council Summits.

Turkic Council Summit is the highlight of the year whereby Heads of State evaluate outcomes of the past period and set goals for the next year. The First Summit took place in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on 20–21 October 2011 and focused primarily on economic cooperation. The Second Summit was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on 22–23 August 2012 and concentrated on educational, scientific, and cultural cooperation. The Third Summit took place on 15–16 August 2013 in Qabala, Azerbaijan with a theme of transport and connectivity. [26]

On 15 October 2019, the Seventh Turkic Council Summit was organized in Baku with the participation of Presidents of member states Ilham Aliyev, Sooronbai Jeenbekov, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, as well as Purli Agamyradov as a guest, Viktor Orban as an observer and heads of Turkic cooperation institutions. The participants celebrated the 10th anniversary of the Nakhchivan Agreement on the establishment of the Turkic Council in addition to Uzbekistan's joining the organization as a full-fledged member. The title of Honorary Chairman of the Turkic Council was given to the former President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. In the conclusion of the Summit, the Heads of States signed Baku Declaration. Besides, the presidency in the Council officially passed to Azerbaijan. [27] [28]

Extraordinary Summit

The Extraordinary Summit of the Turkic Council focused on the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted through videoconferencing by the initiative of the chairman of the organization Ilham Aliyev on 10 April 2020. The conference titled "Cooperation and solidarity in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic" was held with the participation of the Director-General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus along with the head of states of the member countries. Participants discussed the measures taken at the national level to fight against the coronavirus epidemic, to improve multilateral cooperation in the field of healthcare, and to undertake the common challenges caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Exchanging views on the ways of overcoming negative effects of coronavirus on the national and global economies, they touched upon trade relations and continuous transportation and they entrusted the Ministries of Commerce and Transport of the member States with reviewing the process via videoconferencing and with presenting practical solutions for the free flow of goods among Turkic Council states across the Trans-Caspian Corridor. [29] [30] An 18-point list of mutual priorities of all member nations was outlined in the Baku Declaration. [31]

Members

Current

CountryAccessionPopulation
(2021) [32] [33]
Area (km2) GDP (nominal) [34] GDP (PPP) [34]
(USD) Per capita ($)(Int$) Per capita (Int$)
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan Founder10,312,99286,60078,721 million (2022)7,737 (2022)180,754 million (2022)17,764 (2022)
Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 19,196,4652,724,900220,623 million (2022)11,244 (2022)543,474 million (2021)28,600 (2021)
Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg  Kyrgyzstan 6,527,743199,90010,931 million (2022)1,607 (2022)35,398 million (2021)5,288 (2021)
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 84,775,404783,562905,988 million (2022)10,616 (2022)2,591,455 million (2021)30,472 (2021)
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 201934,081,449447,40080,392 million (2022)2,255 (2022)296,689 million (2021)8,497 (2021)
Flag of the Organization of Turkic States.svg  Organization of Turkic States 154,894,0534,242,3621,594,53710,3005,074,66532,760

Observer states

CountryAccessionPopulation
(2021) [32] [33]
Area (km2) GDP (nominal) [34] GDP (PPP)
(USD million) Per capita ($)(Int$) Per capita (Int$)
Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary [35] 20189,709,78693,030139,135 million (2017)14,278 (2017)281,880 million (2017)28,799 (2017)
Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan [13] 20216,341,855491,21045,611 million (2020)7,297 (2020)96,228 million (2019)16,194 (2019)
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg  Northern Cyprus [36] 2022382,8363,3554,234 million (2018)14,648 (2022)
Economic Cooperation Organization [37] 2023

Possible future members and observers

In 2020, Ukrainian Deputy Foreign Minister Emine Ceppar, who is of Crimean Tatar descent, stated Ukraine wanted to be an observer. Crimea, currently under Russian occupation, is the homeland of the Crimean Tatars. [38]

Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu announced that Turkmenistan, currently an observer state, could become a full member during the 2022 Organization of Turkic States summit. [39]

Former applicants

On 3 May 2021, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan officially applied for observer status. [40] [41] But with the Taliban overthrowing the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan with its Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in August that year, the status of its application for observer status is uncertain.

Events

#DateLocationNotesParticipation
Turkic Speaking States Summits Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Flag of Kyrgyzstan (2023).svg Flag of Turkey.svg Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Flag of Hungary.svg Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg
I30 October 1992Turkey Ankara First Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
12 July 1993Kazakhstan Almaty the Almaty Agreement for founding TURKSOY OOOOOODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
II18 October 1994Turkey Istanbul Second Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
III28 August 1995Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Third Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
IV21 October 1996Uzbekistan Tashkent Fourth Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
V9 June 1998Kazakhstan Astana Fifth Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
VI8 April 2000Azerbaijan Baku Sixth Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
VII26 April 2001Turkey Istanbul Seventh Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHHODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
VIII17 November 2006Turkey Antalya Eighth Turkic Speaking States SummitHHHHODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
21 November 2008Turkey Istanbul the Istanbul Agreement for founding TURKPA OOOODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
IX3 October 2009Azerbaijan Nakhchivan Ninth Turkic Speaking States Summit, the Nakhchivan Agreement for founding the Turkic CouncilHHHHODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
X15 September 2010Turkey Istanbul Tenth Turkic Speaking States Summit (The end of Non-Corporate Summits of Turkic-Speaking Countries State)HHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
Turkic Council Summits
I21 October 2011Kazakhstan Almaty First Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Economic Area and Trade AreaHHHODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
II23 August 2012Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Second Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Education, Science and Culture [42] HHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
III16 August 2013Azerbaijan Qabala Third Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Transportation [43] HHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
IV5 June 2014Turkey Bodrum Fourth Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Tourism [44] HHHHHDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
24 December 2014Ukraine Kyiv Opening of the first Turkic Council Regional Diaspora Center [45] OOOODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
V11 September 2015Kazakhstan Astana Fifth Turkic Council Summit, Cooperation in Media and InformationHHHOODark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svg
VI2 September 2018Kyrgyzstan Cholpon Ata Sixth Turkic Council SummitHHHHDark Red x.svgHHDark Red x.svg
VII15 October 2019Azerbaijan Baku Seventh Turkic Council SummitHHHHOHHDark Red x.svg
10 April 2020 Teleconference Extraordinary Video Summit [46] HHHHHHHDark Red x.svg
31 March 2021TeleconferenceInformal Video Summit [47] HHHHHHHDark Red x.svg
VIII12 November 2021Turkey Istanbul Eighth Turkic Council Summit, organization status granted. [47] [48] HHHHHHHDark Red x.svg
Organization of Turkic States Summits
IX 11 November 2022Uzbekistan Samarkand [49] First Organization of Turkic States Summit [50] [51] HHHHOHHDark Red x.svg
16 March 2023Turkey Ankara Extraordinary Summit [52] HHHHOHHH
X 3 November 2023Kazakhstan Astana Tenth OTS summit [53] [54] HHHHOHHDark Red x.svg
July 2024Azerbaijan Shusha Informal summit [55] [56]
XI2024KyrgyzstanEleventh OTS summit [55]
H Head of state or government attended.
O Other officials attended.
Dark Red x.svg  No attendees.

List of secretaries-general

No.NameCountry of originTook officeLeft office
1 Halil Akıncı Turkey15 September 201016 September 2014
2 Ramil Hasan Azerbaijan16 September 20143 September 2018
3 Baghdad Amreyev Kazakhstan3 September 201811 November 2022
4 Kubanychbek Omuraliev Kyrgyzstan11 November 2022incumbent

List of chairmen

According to article 8 of the Nakhchivan Agreement, the state that hosts the regular summit, will assume the chairmanship until next meeting. [57]

No.NameCountry of originTook officeLeft office
1 Nursultan Nazarbayev Kazakhstan21 October 201123 August 2012
2 Almazbek Atambayev Kyrgyzstan23 August 201216 August 2013 [58]
3 Ilham Aliyev Azerbaijan16 August 2013 [58] 5 June 2014
4 Abdullah Gül Turkey5 June 201428 August 2014
5 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 28 August 201411 September 2015
(1) Nursultan Nazarbayev Kazakhstan11 September 20153 September 2018
6 Sooronbay Jeenbekov Kyrgyzstan3 September 2018 [59] 15 October 2019
(3) Ilham Aliyev Azerbaijan15 October 2019 [60] 12 November 2021 [61]
(5) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turkey12 November 2021 [61] 11 November 2022
7 Shavkat Mirziyoyev Uzbekistan11 November 2022 [62] 3 November 2023
8 Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Kazakhstan3 November 2023 [63] incumbent

Leaders of member states

See also

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