List of official languages by country and territory

This is a list of official languages by country and territory. It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part of the state.

List

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Country/Region	Number of official (including de facto)	Official language(s)	Language family	Region
Abkhazia [a]	2	Abkhaz Russian	Northwest Caucasian Indo-European	Europe
Afghanistan [1] [2] [3]	2	Persian (Dari) Pashto	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Albania [4]	1	Albanian	Indo-European	Europe
Algeria [5]	2	Arabic Berber	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Andorra	1	Catalan [6]	Indo-European	Europe
Angola [7]	1	Portuguese	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Antigua and Barbuda	1	None (English has de facto status)	Indo-European	Caribbean
Argentina	2	None at federal level (Spanish has de facto status) Argentine Sign Language [8]	Indo-European	South America
Armenia	1	Armenian	Indo-European	Europe
Australia	1	None (English has de facto status)	Indo-European	Oceania (Landmass)
Austria [9] [10]	1	German	Indo-European	Europe
Azerbaijan	1	Azerbaijani	Turkic	Europe
Bahamas	1	English	Indo-European	North America
Bahrain	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Bangladesh	1	Bengali	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Barbados	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean (North Atlantic)
Belarus	2	Belarusian Russian	Indo-European	Europe
Belgium	3	Dutch French German	Indo-European	Europe
Belize	1	English	Indo-European	North America
Benin	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Bhutan	1	Dzongkha	Sino-Tibetan	East Asia
Bolivia [11]	37	Castilian (Spanish) Aymara Araona Baure Bésiro (Chiquitano) Canichana Cavineña Cayubaba Chácobo Chimán Ese Ejja Guaraní Guarasu'we Guarayu Itonama Leco Machajuyai-Kallawaya Machineri Maropa Mojeño-Ignaciano Mojeño-Trinitario Moré Mosetén Movima Pacawara Puquina Quechua Sirionó Tacana Tapieté Toromona Uru-Chipaya Weenhayek Yaminawa Yuki Yuracaré Zamuco	Indo-European Pano-Tacanan Tupian Arawakan Chimane Quechua Aymaran Chiquitano Itonama Leco Kallawaya Chapacuran Movima Puquina Uru-Chipaya Matacoan Yuracaré Zamucoan	South America
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3	None (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian all have de facto status) [12]	Indo-European	Europe
Botswana	2	English Tswana (de jure)	Indo-European Atlantic-Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa
Brazil	1	Portuguese [b]	Indo-European	South America
Brunei	1	Malay	Austronesian	East Asia (Islands)
Bulgaria	1	Bulgarian	Indo-European	Europe
Burkina Faso	4	Mooré Bissa Dyula Fula	Atlantic-Congo Mande	Sub-Saharan Africa
Burundi [15] [16]	3	French Kirundi English	Indo-European Atlantic-Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa
Cambodia	1	Khmer	Austroasiatic	East Asia
Cameroon	2	English French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Canada	2	English (Federal) French (Federal)	Indo-European	North America
Cape Verde	1	Portuguese	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Central African Republic	2	French Sango	Indo-European Ubangian (Atlantic-Congo)	Sub-Saharan Africa
Chad	2	Arabic French	Afroasiatic Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Chile	1	Spanish	Indo-European	Sourh America
China	1	Standard Chinese	Sino-Tibetan	East Asia
Christmas Island	3	English Mandarin Chinese Malay	Indo-European Sino-Tibetan Austronesian	East Asia (Islands)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	2	English Cocos Malay	Indo-European Austronesian	East Asia (Islands)
Colombia	1	Spanish	Indo-European	South America
Comoros	3	Arabic Comorian French	Afroasiatic Atlantic-Congo Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Republic of the Congo	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Cook Islands	2	English Cook Islands Māori	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Polynesia)
Costa Rica	1	Spanish	Indo-European	North America
Croatia	1	Croatian	Indo-European	Europe
Cuba	1	Spanish	Indo-European	Caribbean
Cyprus	2	Greek [17] Turkish [17]	Indo-European Turkic	Europe
Northern Cyprus [a]	1	Turkish	Turkic	Europe
Czechia	2	Czech [c]	Indo-European	Europe
Denmark	1	Danish	Indo-European	Europe
Djibouti	2	Arabic French	Afroasiatic Indo-European	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Dominica	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean
Dominican Republic	1	Spanish	Indo-European	Caribbean
Ecuador [18]	1	Spanish	Indo-European	South America
Egypt	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
El Salvador	1	Spanish	Indo-European	North America
Eritrea	1	Tigrinya	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Estonia	1	Estonian	Uralic	Europe
Eswatini	2	English Swazi	Indo-European Atlantic-Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa
Ethiopia	5	Afar Amharic Oromo Somali Tigrinya	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Fiji	3	English Fijian Fiji Hindi	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania
Finland	2	Finnish Swedish	Uralic Indo-European	Europe
France	1	French [19]	Indo-European	Europe
Gabon	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
The Gambia	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Georgia	1	Georgian	Kartvelian	Europe
Germany	1	German [20]	Indo-European	Europe
Ghana	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Greece	1	Greek	Indo-European	Europe
Grenada	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean
Guatemala	1	Spanish	Indo-European	North America
Guinea	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Guinea-Bissau	1	Portuguese	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Equatorial Guinea	3	French Portuguese Spanish	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Guyana	1	English	Indo-European	South America
Haiti	2	French Haitian Creole	Indo-European	Caribbean
Honduras	1	Spanish	Indo-European	North America
Hong Kong	2	Cantonese English	Sino-Tibetan Indo-European	East Asia
Hungary	1	Hungarian [21]	Uralic	Europe
Iceland	2	Icelandic Icelandic Sign Language [22]	Indo-European	Europe
India	2	Hindi English	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Indonesia	1	Indonesian	Austronesian	East Asia (Islands)
Iran	1	Persian	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Iraq	2	Arabic Kurdish [23]	Afroasiatic Indo-European	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Ireland [24]	2	Irish English	Indo-European	Europe
Israel	1	Hebrew	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Italy	1	Italian	Indo-European	Europe
Ivory Coast	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Jamaica	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean
Japan	1	None (Japanese has de facto status)	Japonic	East Asia
Jordan	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Kazakhstan	2	Khazakh Russian	Turkic Indo-European	Central Asia
Kenya	2	English Swahili	Indo-European Atlantic-Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa
Kiribati	2	English Gilbertese	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Micronesia)
North Korea	1	Korean	Koreanic	East Asia
South Korea	2	Korean Korean Sign Language	Koreanic	East Asia
Kosovo [a]	2	Albanian Serbian	Indo-European	Europe
Kuwait	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Kyrgyzstan	2	Kyrgyz Russian	Turkic Indo-European	Central Asia
Laos	1	Lao	Kra–Dai	East Asia
Latvia	1	Latvian [25] [26]	Indo-European	Europe
Lebanon	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Lesotho	2	Sesotho English	Atlantic-Congo Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Liberia	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Libya	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Liechtenstein	1	German	Indo-European	Europe
Lithuania	1	Lithuanian	Indo-European	Europe
Luxembourg	3	French German Luxembourgish	Indo-European	Europe
Macau	2	Cantonese Portuguese	Sino-Tibetan Indo-European	East Asia
North Macedonia	2	Macedonian Albanian [27]	Indo-European	Europe
Madagascar	2	French Malagasy	Indo-European Austronesian	Indian Ocean
Malawi	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Malaysia	1	Malay [d]	Austronesian	East Asia (Islands)
Maldives	1	Dhivehi	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Mali	13	Bambara Bobo Bozo Dogon Fula Kassonke Maninke Minyanka Senufo Songhay languages Soninke Hassaniya (Arabic) Tamasheq (Berber)	Atlantic-Congo Mande Dogon Songhay Afroasiatic	Sub-Saharan Africa
Malta	2	Maltese English	Afroasiatic Indo-European	Europe
Sovereign Military Order of Malta [a]	1	Italian	Indo-European	Europe
Marshall Islands	2	English Marshallese	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Micronesia)
Mauritania	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Mauritius	2	None (English has de jure status and French has de facto status)	Indo-European	Indian Ocean
Mexico	1	None (Spanish has de facto status)	Indo-European	North America
Federated States of Micronesia	1	English	Indo-European	Oceania (Micronesia)
Moldova	1	Romanian	Indo-European	Europe
Monaco [29]	1	French	Indo-European	Europe
Mongolia	1	Mongolian	Mongolic	Central Asia
Montenegro	1	Montenegrin	Indo-European	Europe
Morocco	2	Arabic Berber	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Mozambique	1	Portuguese	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Myanmar (Burma)	1	Burmese	Sino-Tibetan	East Asia
Namibia [30]	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Nauru	2	English Nauruan	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Micronesia)
Nepal	1	Nepali [31]	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Netherlands	1	Dutch	Indo-European	Europe
New Zealand	3	Māori language New Zealand Sign Language (English has de facto status)	Austronesian Indo-European	Oceania (Polynesia)
Nicaragua	1	Spanish	Indo-European	North America
Niger	1	Hausa	Afroasiatic	Sub-Saharan Africa
Nigeria	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Niue	2	English Niuean	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Polynesia)
Norfolk Island	2	English Norfuk [32]	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Polynesia)
Norway	2	Norwegian Sami languages [33]	Indo-European Uralic	Europe
Oman	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
South Ossetia [a]	2	Ossetian Russian	Indo-European	Europe
Pakistan	2	Urdu English	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Palau	2	English Palauan	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania
Palestine	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Panama	1	Spanish	Indo-European	North America
Papua New Guinea	4	English Hiri Motu PNG Sign Language Tok Pisin	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Landmass)
Paraguay	2	Spanish Guaraní	Indo-European Tupian	South America
Peru	1 (3)	Spanish (Quechua)(Aymara)	Indo-European Quechua Aymaran	South America
Philippines	2	Filipino English	Austronesian Indo-European	East Asia (Islands)
Poland	1	Polish	Indo-European	Europe
Portugal	1	Portuguese	Indo-European	Europe
Qatar	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Romania	1	Romanian	Indo-European	Europe
Russia	1	Russian	Indo-European	Central Asia
Rwanda	4	English French Kinyarwanda Swahili	Indo-European Atlantic-Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic [a]	2	Arabic Spanish	Afroasiatic Indo-European	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean
Saint Lucia	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean
Samoa	2	English Samoan	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Polynesia)
San Marino	1	Italian	Indo-European	Europe
São Tomé and Príncipe	1	Portuguese	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Saudi Arabia	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Senegal	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Serbia	1	Serbian	Indo-European	Europe
Seychelles	3	English French Seychellois Creole	Indo-European	Indian Ocean
Sierra Leone	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Singapore	4	English Malay Mandarin Chinese Tamil	Indo-European Austronesian Sino-Tibetan Dravidian	East Asia (Islands)
Slovakia	1	Slovak	Indo-European	Europe
Slovenia	1	Slovene	Indo-European	Europe
Solomon Islands	1	English	Indo-European	Oceania
Somalia	2	Somali Arabic	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Somaliland [a]	3	Arabic Somali English	Afroasiatic Indo-European	North Africa, Horn of Africa
South Africa	12	Afrikaans English Southern Ndebele Sotho Northern Sotho Swazi Tsonga Tswana Venda Xhosa Zulu SA Sign Language [34]	Indo-European Atlantic-Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa
Spain	1	Spanish	Indo-European	Europe
Sri Lanka	2	Sinhala Tamil	Indo-European Dravidian	Southern Asia
Sudan	2	Arabic English	Afroasiatic Indo-European	North Africa, Horn of Africa
South Sudan	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Suriname	1	Dutch	Indo-European	South America
Sweden	1	Swedish	Indo-European	Europe
Switzerland	4	French (Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, Neuchâtel, Valais, Vaud) German (Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Glarus, Graubünden, Lucerne, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Saint Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Uri, Valais, Zug, Zürich) Italian (Ticino, Graubünden) Romansh (Graubünden)	Indo-European	Europe
Syria	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Taiwan	1	None (Mandarin Chinese has de facto status)	Sino-Tibetan	East Asia
Tajikistan	1	Tajik	Indo-European	Southern Asia
Tanzania	2	Swahili English	Atlantic-Congo Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Thailand	1	Thai	Kra–Dai	East Asia
East Timor	2	Portuguese [35] Tetum [35]	Indo-European Austronesian	East Asia (Islands)
Togo	1	French	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Tokelau	2	English Tokelauan	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Polynesia)
Tonga	2	English Tongan	Indo-European Austronesian	Oceania (Polynesia)
Transnistria [a]	3	Moldovan Russian Ukrainian	Indo-European	Europe
Trinidad and Tobago	1	English	Indo-European	Caribbean
Tunisia	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	North Africa, Horn of Africa
Turkey	1	Turkish	Turkic	Europe
Turkmenistan	1	Turkmen	Turkic	Central Asia
Tuvalu	2	Tuvaluan English	Austronesian Indo-European	Oceania (Polynesia)
Uganda	2	English Swahili [36]	Indo-European Atlantic-Congo	Sub-Saharan Africa
Ukraine	1	Ukrainian	Indo-European	Europe
United Arab Emirates	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies etc.	1	None (English has de facto status)	Indo-European	Europe
United States	1	None (English has de facto status) [e]	Indo-European	North America
Uruguay	2	Uruguayan Sign Language (Spanish has de facto status)	Indo-European	South America
Uzbekistan	1	Uzbek	Turkic	Central Asia
Vanuatu	3	English French Bislama	Indo-European	Oceania
Vatican City	2	Italian Latin	Indo-European	Europe
Venezuela	1	Spanish	Indo-European	South America
Vietnam	1	Vietnamese	Austroasiatic	East Asia
Yemen	1	Arabic	Afroasiatic	Arabian Peninsula, Levant
Zambia	1	English	Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa
Zimbabwe	16	Khoisan (Tjwao) [f] [38] Chewa Chibarwe Kalanga Nambya Ndau Ndebele Shangani Shona Sotho Tonga Tswana Venda Xhosa English Sign language [g]	Khoe Atlantic-Congo Indo-European	Sub-Saharan Africa

List of languages by number of countries in which they are the official language

This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official, although there are no precise inclusion criteria or definition of a language. An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.

Partially recognized or de facto independent countries are denoted by an asterisk (*)

Language	World	Africa	Americas	Asia	Europe	Oceania	Countries
English	57	22	14	4	3	14	United States, [h] United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India, Nigeria (See the full list) [39]
French	26	18	2	–	5	1	France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, Madagascar, Monaco, Haiti, Vanuatu (See the full list) [40]
Arabic	24–26*	12–14*	–	12	–	–	Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Iraq, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Palestine (See the full list)
Spanish	20	1	18	–	1		Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Mexico (See the full list) [41]
Portuguese	9	6	1	1	1	–	Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, Angola, East Timor (See the full list)
German	6	–	–	–	6	–	Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein (See the full list)
Russian	4–7*	–	–	2	2–5*	–	Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Abkhazia,* South Ossetia,* Transnistria* (See the full list)
Serbo-Croatian	4–5*	–	–	–	4–5*	–	Serbia (known as Serbian), Croatia (known as Croatian), Montenegro (known as Montenegrin), Bosnia and Herzegovina (known as Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian), Kosovo* (known as Serbian)
Italian	4	–	–	–	4	–	Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City
Malay	4	–	–	4	–	–	Malaysia, Indonesia (known as Indonesian), Singapore, Brunei
Swahili	4	4	–	–	–	–	Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
Berber	3	3	–	–	–	–	Algeria, Morocco, Mali
Dutch	3	–	1	–	2	–	Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname
Persian	3	–	–	3	–	–	Iran, Afghanistan (known as Dari), Tajikistan (known as Tajik)
Sotho	3	3	–	–	–	–	South Africa, Lesotho, Zimbabwe
Tswana	3	3	–	–	–	–	Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Albanian	2–3*	–	–	–	2–3*	–	Albania, Kosovo,* North Macedonia
Standard Chinese	2–3*	–	–	2–3*	–	–	China, Singapore, Taiwan*
Romanian	2–3*	–	–	–	2-3*	–	Romania, Moldova, Transnistria*
Somali	2–3*	2–3*	–	–	–	–	Somalia, Ethiopia, Somaliland*
Turkish	2–3*	–	–	–	2–3*	–	Turkey, Northern Cyprus,* Cyprus
Bengali	2	–	–	2	–	–	Bangladesh and India
Fula	2	2	–	–	–	–	Mali and Burkina Faso
Greek	2	–	–	–	2	–	Greece and Cyprus
Guarani	2	–	2	–	–	–	Paraguay and Bolivia
Hindi	2	–	–	2	–	–	India and Fiji
Korean	2	–	–	2	–	–	North Korea and South Korea
Rwanda-Rundi	2	2	–	–	–	–	Burundi (known as Kirundi) and Rwanda (known as Kinyarwanda)
Swati	2	2	–	–	–	–	Eswatini and South Africa
Swedish	2	–	–	–	2	–	Sweden and Finland
Tamil	2	–	–	2	–	–	Sri Lanka and Singapore
Tigrinya	2	2	–	–	–	–	Eritrea and Ethiopia
Venda	2	2	–	–	–	–	South Africa and Zimbabwe
Aymara	2~	–	2	–	–	–	Bolivia (and Peru)
Quechua	2~	–	2	–	–	–	Bolivia (and Peru)
Chichewa	2~ (Actually 1)	2	–	–	–	–	(Malawi and) Zimbabwe

Notes

1. Independence disputed.
2. According to Article 13 of the Constitution: A língua portuguesa é o idioma oficial da República Federativa do Brasil ("The Portuguese language is the official language of the Federative Republic of Brazil"). Brazilian Sign Language is also officially recognized and protected. ^[13] 95 municipalities and 3 Brazilian states also have co-official languages, with 61 co-officialized languages. ^[14] The list can be seen at Languages of Brazil .
3. Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) "Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
4. Article 152 of the Constitution of Malaysia designated Malay as the national language. Section 2 of that article allowed English to be used officially until otherwise provided by Parliament. In 1967, the Parliament of Malaysia passed the National Language Act, making Malay the official language of Malaysia. The act does, however, allow the use of English for some official purposes. On 11 July 1990, following the amendment of the National Language Act 1963/67 (Act 32) (Revised in 1971), Malay replaced English as the official language of the courts in West Malaysia. The amending Act provided English to be used in the Courts in West Malaysia where it deems necessary in the interest of Justice. East Malaysia continued using English as the official language in their courts. ^[28] Since 2007, the official policy is to refer to the national language as the Malaysian language (Bahasa Malaysia), although legislation still refers to the Malay language (Bahasa Melayu).
5. In the United States of America, English is the language of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States and is the working language of the federal government. It was first declared the official language by Executive Order 14224 in 2025. ^[37] Some states - such as Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas - provide official documents in both Spanish and English. Attempts to designate English as the official language of the federal government of the United States by act of Congress have not succeeded. See also Languages of the United States.
6. Refers to the Tjwao dialect
7. See Zimbabwean sign languages
8. In the United States of America, English is the language of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States and is the working language of the federal government. It was first declared the official language by Executive Order 14224 in 2025. ^[37] Some states - such as Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas - provide official documents in both Spanish and English. Attempts to designate English as the official language of the federal government of the United States by act of Congress have not succeeded. See also Languages of the United States.

See also

• List of official languages
• Linguistic demography
• Lists of countries and territories by official language
• Lists of endangered languages
• Lists of languages
• List of languages by number of native speakers
• List of languages by total number of speakers
• World language
• Languages used on the Internet

References

1. Constitution of Afghanistan Archived 28 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine (Chapter 1, Article 16)
2. گفت‌وگوی زهرا مشتاق، روزنامه‌نگار ایرانی با ذبیح‌الله مجاهد، سخنگوی طالبان [Interview between Iranian journalist Zahra Mushtaq and Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid]. Iran International (in Persian). YouTube. 2 October 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
3. "MFA denies rumors that Taliban excludes the study of Uzbek language from school curriculum". Kun.uz. 31 August 2021. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
4. Constitution of Albania Archived 25 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine (Article 14)
5. Constitution of Algeria (Article 3)
6. Constitution of Andorra (Article 2)
7. "Angola". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
8. "BOLETIN OFICIAL REPUBLICA ARGENTINA - LENGUA DE SEÑAS ARGENTINA - Ley 27710". www.boletinoficial.gob.ar.
9. Article 8, Constitution of Austria, 1920
10. Bundesgesetz über die Rechtsstellung der Volksgruppen in Österreich (Volksgruppengesetz – VoGrG)
11. "Bolivia: Decreto Supremo Nº 25894, 11 de septiembre de 2000". 11 September 2000. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
12. Footitt, Hilary; Kelly, Michael (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–120. ISBN   978-0230368774.
13. "Lei Federal do Brasil 10436 de 2002 - Wikisource". pt.wikisource.org.
14. Repositório Brasileiro de Legislações Linguísticas (Brazilian Repository of Linguistic Legislation)
15. Article 5 (PDF), Constitution of Burundi, 2005
16. Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26-27 mars 2015. Archives contemporaines. October 2016. ISBN   9782813001955.
17. The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus (PDF). 1960. art. 3, § 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
18. Constitution of Ecuador 2008 Archived 17 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine , (Article 2)
19. Constitution of France (Article 2)
20. Though not explicitly specified in the constitution, this is regulated in §23 Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (Administrative Procedures Act)
21. Constitution of Hungary, Article H - http://www.kormany.hu/download/4/c3/30000/THE%20FUNDAMENTAL%20LAW%20OF%20HUNGARY.pdf
22. "Deaf History - Europe - 2011: Iceland, Legal Recognition of Icelandic Sign Language". deafhistory.eu. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
23. Constitution of Iraq, Article 4(1st)
24. Constitution of Ireland Archived 17 July 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive (Article 8)
25. Priedīte, Aija (2005). "Surveying Language Attitudes and Practices in Latvia". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 26 (5): 409–424. doi:10.1080/01434630508668413. S2CID   145660793. In 1992, following further amendments to this directive, Latvian was established as the only official language. It took Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development seven more years before the State language law was adopted in 1999, with further amendments in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002.
26. "Juridica International: HOME". www.juridicainternational.eu.
27. Article 1 (2) of the закон за употреба на јазиците (law on the use of languages), in force since 15 January 2019.
28. Malaysia's Legal System, Eurasia International Legal Network, Malaysia.
29. Constitution of Monaco Archived 15 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine (Article 8)
30. "Article 3 – Language". The Constitution of The Republic of Namibia. orusovo.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 23 April 2008.
31. The Constitution of Nepal, article 7 (1)
32. "Archived copy". www.info.gov.nf. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
33. "Norsk - Språkmøter" Archived 9 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine . NDLA. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
34. "President Cyril Ramaphosa: Signing ceremony of South African Sign Language Bill on 19 July 2023" – via gov.za.
35. "Constitution of East Timor (English)". constitution.org.
36. Second official according to the Constitution
37. Vivian Ho; Rachel Pannett (1 March 2025). "A Trump order made English the official language of the U.S. What does that mean?". The Washington Post .
38. "Draft constitution riles San people". NewsDay. AMH. 6 February 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
39. "Field Listing - Languages". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
40. "Field Listing - Languages". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
41. "Spanish-Speaking Countries". Berges Institute. Retrieved 27 May 2023. Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, and it is an official language, either de facto (in practice) or de jure (by law) in 20 countries. Spanish is also an official language in Puerto Rico, Gibraltar, the United Nations, the African Union, and the Organization of American States.

External links

• Languages - CIA listing of languages spoken in each country