{{Languages of | country = Djibouti | image = Djibouti airport.jpg | image size = 200px | caption = Bilingual sign in French and Arabic at the Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport. | official = [[Arabic language French | indigenous = Afar, Somali | immigrant = Oromo, Amharic, Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic, Omani Arabic, Greek, Hindi | foreign = English, Italian | keyboard = QWERTY |sign=Somali Sign Language
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}} The languages of Djibouti include Afar, Somali and French. Somali and Afar are the most widely spoken tongues, and Arabic and French serve as the official languages.
According to the 2018 report from the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Djibouti has 50% French speakers. [1] French is the main language of schooling, from primary to university, alongside Arabic.
Djibouti is a multilingual country. According to Ethnologue , the majority of the population speaks Somali (524,000 speakers) or Afar (306,000 speakers) as a first language, which are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the Cushitic branch of the larger Afro-Asiatic family. [2] Northern Somali is the main dialect spoken in the country and neighbouring Somalia
There are two official languages in Djibouti: Arabic and French. Arabic is of religious importance. In a formal setting, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak the Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, known in Djibouti as Djiboutian Arabic. French was inherited from the European colonization period and is the primary language of instruction. About 17,000 Djiboutians speak it as a first language. [2]
Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic (38,900 speakers), Amharic (1,400 speakers), Greek (1,000 speakers) and Hindi (600 speakers). [2]
Additionally, the Somali deaf community in Djibouti uses the Somali Sign Language. [3]
The Somali language is regulated by the Regional Somali Language Academy, an intergovernmental institution established in June 2013 in Djibouti City by the governments of Djibouti, Somalia and Ethiopia. It is officially mandated with preserving the Somali language. [4]
Nationally, the Latin script is the most widely used orthography for all languages. The Somali alphabet, a modified form of the script, is used to write Somali. [5] In the early 1970s, two Afar intellectuals and nationalists, Dimis and Redo, formalized a similar Afar alphabet. Known as Qafar Feera, the orthography is also based on the Latin script. [6]
Additionally, Somali and Afar are transcribed using the Arabic script. [5] [7]
Demographic features of Djibouti include population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.
The number of languages natively spoken in Africa is variously estimated at between 1,250 and 2,100, and by some counts at over 3,000. Nigeria alone has over 500 languages, one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world. The languages of Africa belong to many distinct language families, among which the largest are:
Afar is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. It is spoken by the Afar people inhabiting Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Marwari is a language within the Rajasthani language family of the Indo-Aryan languages. Marwari and its closely related varieties like Dhundhari, Shekhawati and Mewari form a part of the broader Marwari language family. It is spoken in the Indian state of Rajasthan, as well as the neighbouring states of Gujarat and Haryana, some adjacent areas in eastern parts of Pakistan, and some migrant communities in Nepal. There are two dozen varieties of Marwari.
The culture of the Republic of Djibouti is diverse, due to the nation's Red Sea location at a crossroads of trade and commerce.
Somali is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. It is spoken primarily in Greater Somalia, and by the Somali diaspora as a mother tongue. Somali is an official language in both Somalia and Ethiopia, and serves as a national language in Djibouti, it is also a recognised minority language in Kenya. The Somali language is officially written with the Latin alphabet although the Arabic script and several Somali scripts like Osmanya, Kaddare and the Borama script are informally used.
Djibouti is the capital of Djibouti. It is located in the coastal Djibouti Region on the Gulf of Tadjoura.
The Saho language is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Eritrea, Sudan and Ethiopia. It belongs to the family's Cushitic branch.
Qoph is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic qāfق, Aramaic qop 𐡒, Hebrew qūp̄ק, Phoenician qōp 𐤒, and Syriac qōp̄ ܩ.
The languages of Ethiopia include the official languages of Ethiopia, its national and regional languages, and a large number of minority languages, as well as foreign languages.
Air Tamajeq (Tayərt) is a variety of Tuareg. It is spoken by the Tuareg people inhabiting the Aïr Mountains of the Agadez Region in Niger.
The main languages spoken in Eritrea are Tigrinya, Tigre, Kunama, Bilen, Nara, Saho, Afar, and Beja. The country's working languages are Tigrinya, Arabic, English, and formerly Italian.
The endoglossic language of Somalia has always been Somali, although throughout Somalia's history various exoglossic languages have also been used at a national level.
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it, and the third-most by number of users.
The writing systems of Africa refer to the current and historical practice of writing systems on the African continent, both indigenous and those introduced. In many African societies, history generally used to be recorded orally despite most societies having developed a writing script, leading to them being termed "oral civilisations" in contrast to "literate civilisations".
Taʽizzi-Adeni Arabic or Southern Yemeni Arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken primarily in Yemen. The dialect itself is further sub-divided into the regional vernaculars of Ta’izzi, spoken in Ta'izz, and Adeni, spoken in Aden. While both are spoken in Djibouti.
The Djiboutians are the native inhabitants of Djibouti, as well as the global diaspora of Djibouti. The country is mainly composed of two ethnic groups, the Somali and the Afar. It has many languages - though Somali and Afar are the most widely spoken ones, Arabic and French serve as the official languages. There is a small Djiboutian diaspora in North America, Europe, and Australia.
Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi).
Benin is a diverse country linguistically. Of those, French is the official language, and most of the indigenous languages are considered national languages.
Most people in Somaliland speak at least two of the state's three official languages: Somali, Arabic, and second language English. Article 6 of the Constitution of 2001 designates the official languages of Somaliland to be Somali and arabic, though. English is actively spoken and taught in schools.and Somalilanders speak a mix of two languages - Arabic and Somali.