Foreign relations of Djibouti

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Foreign relations of Djibouti are managed by the Djiboutian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Djibouti maintains close ties with the governments of Somalia, Ethiopia, France and the United States. It is likewise an active participant in African Union, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and Arab League affairs.

Contents

Djibouti has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992. [1]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Djibouti maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Djibouti.svg
#CountryDate
1Flag of France.svg  France 27 June 1977 [2]
2Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 27 June 1977 [3]
3Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 27 June 1977 [4]
4Flag of the United States.svg  United States 27 June 1977 [5]
5Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 28 June 1977 [6]
6Flag of Syria.svg  Syria June 1977 [7]
7Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 22 July 1977 [8]
8Flag of Oman.svg  Oman 16 November 1977 [9]
9Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 7 December 1977 [10]
10Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 7 December 1977 [11]
11Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 8 December 1977 [12]
12Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 1977 [13]
13Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 22 January 1978 [14]
14Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 25 January 1978 [15]
15Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 25 January 1978 [16]
16Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 11 March 1978 [17]
17Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 14 March 1978 [18]
18Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 24 March 1978 [19]
19Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 4 April 1978 [20]
20Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 5 April 1978 [21]
21Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 13 June 1978 [22]
Flag of Palestine.svg  State of Palestine 13 June 1978 [23]
22Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 18 June 1978 [24]
23Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 19 June 1978 [25]
24Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 11 July 1978 [26]
25Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 24 July 1978 [27]
26Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 7 August 1978 [28]
27Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 24 August 1978 [29]
28Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 10 October 1978 [30]
29Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 8 January 1979 [31]
30Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 4 June 1979 [27]
31Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 25 June 1979 [32]
32Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 25 June 1979 [33]
33Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 6 September 1979 [34]
34Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 15 December 1979 [27]
35Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 20 February 1980 [35]
36Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 24 February 1980 [36]
37Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 13 March 1980 [37]
38Flag of Albania.svg  Albania 2 April 1980 [38]
39Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 3 April 1980 [27]
40Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 19 June 1980 [39]
41Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 3 December 1980 [40]
42Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 10 February 1981 [41]
43Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 11 March 1981 [42]
44Flag of India.svg  India 7 December 1981 [43]
45Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 26 December 1981 [44]
46Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 31 October 1982 [45]
47Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 23 December 1982 [46]
48Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 18 January 1983 [47]
49Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 6 February 1983 [48]
50Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 15 September 1983 [49]
51Flag of Bangladesh.svg  Bangladesh 25 September 1983 [50]
52Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 13 March 1984 [27]
53Flag of the Comoros.svg  Comoros 29 March 1984 [27]
54Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 3 April 1984 [27]
55Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 13 December 1984 [27]
56Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo February 1985 [51]
57Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 21 October 1985 [52]
58Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 1 April 1986 [53]
59Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 20 January 1988 [27]
60Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 22 June 1989 [54]
61Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 12 July 1989 [27]
62Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 30 April 1991 [55]
63Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 3 February 1993 [27]
64Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 13 June 1993 [56]
65Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 11 July 1993 [57]
66Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 27 August 1993 [58]
67Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 7 February 1996 [59]
68Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 29 March 1996 [58]
69Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 22 October 1996 [58]
70Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 22 October 1996 [58]
71Flag of North Macedonia.svg  North Macedonia 12 June 1997 [58]
72Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 16 February 1998 [60]
73Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 26 July 1998 [61]
74Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 30 September 1998 [58]
75Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 20 November 1998 [58]
76Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 9 June 1999 [58]
77Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar 13 August 1999 [27]
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 20 May 2000 [62]
78Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 22 November 2000 [58]
79Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 22 November 2000 [58]
80Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 14 June 2001 [63]
81Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 6 July 2001 [58]
82Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 10 December 2002 [64]
83Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 5 February 2003 [65]
84Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 16 June 2005 [66]
85Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 19 July 2005 [58]
86Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 8 October 2005 [67]
87Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 14 December 2006 [58]
88Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 13 February 2007 [68]
89Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 14 March 2007 [27]
90Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 14 March 2007 [58]
91Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 12 February 2008 [58]
92Flag of Maldives.svg  Maldives 7 April 2008 [69]
93Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 16 June 2008 [27]
94Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7 August 2008 [58]
95Flag of Andorra.svg  Andorra 17 March 2009 [58]
96Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 March 2009 [58]
97Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 17 March 2009 [58]
98Flag of Chad.svg  Chad 20 April 2009 [70]
99Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 20 April 2009 [70]
100Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 23 April 2009 [71]
101Flag of Panama.svg  Panama 15 December 2009 [72]
102Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 5 May 2010 [73]
103Flag of Paraguay.svg  Paraguay 22 July 2010 [58]
104Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 16 September 2010 [58]
105Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 22 January 2011 [74]
106Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 8 March 2011 [58]
107Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 6 October 2011 [58]
108Flag of Monaco.svg  Monaco 1 December 2011 [75]
109Flag of South Sudan.svg  South Sudan 11 February 2012 [76]
110Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 30 March 2012 [77]
111Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei 9 November 2012 [78]
112Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 12 November 2012 [79]
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 19 May 2013 [80]
113Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 26 August 2013 [81]
114Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 16 December 2013 [82]
115Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 3 June 2015 [83]
116Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 16 November 2015 [84]
117Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 20 November 2015 [58]
118Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 20 January 2016 [58]
119Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 14 February 2016 [85]
120Flag of Cambodia.svg  Cambodia 28 April 2016 [58]
121Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 28 April 2016 [58]
122Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 1 October 2016 [86]
123Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 12 December 2016 [58]
124Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 15 February 2017 [87]
125Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 17 March 2017 [58]
126Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 15 May 2017 [88]
127Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 22 May 2017 [58]
128Flag of Turkmenistan.svg  Turkmenistan 4 July 2017 [89]
129Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 14 July 2017 [58]
130Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 23 October 2017 [90]
131Flag of Dominica.svg  Dominica 9 January 2018 [91]
132Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala 28 February 2018 [92]
133Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 28 February 2018 [93]
134Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 26 June 2018 [58]
135Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 9 October 2018 [94]
136Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 22 May 2019 [95]
137Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua 9 September 2019 [58]
138Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg  Saint Kitts and Nevis 20 February 2020 [58]
139Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 21 February 2020 [58]
140Flag of Moldova.svg  Moldova 9 October 2020 [58]
141Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 1 July 2021 [96]
142Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 24 January 2022 [97]
143Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 28 November 2022 [98]
144Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 19 October 2023 [99]
145Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 2 May 2024 [100]
146Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador 7 December 2024 [101]
147Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Unknown
148Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi Unknown [102]
149Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique Unknown
150Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Eritrea.svg  Eritrea 11 July 1993 [103] See Djibouti–Eritrea relations
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Asmara.
  • Eritrea has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 15 December 1979See Djibouti–Ethiopia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1979. [40]

Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 13 March 1984See Djibouti–Kenya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1984. [40]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 14 March 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 1978 [18]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has a consulate in Djibouti City.
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 4 June 1979See Djibouti–Somalia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 1979. [40]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Mogadishu.
  • Somalia has an embassy in Djibouti City.

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 22 October 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1996 [104]
  • Brazil and Djibouti established diplomatic relations in 1996. In 2012, an Agreement on Technical Cooperation between the two countries was signed cooperation focus on areas of infrastructure, agriculture, environment, health, education, national solidarity, scientific research, and social development. A Brazilian company was building a port in the Djibouti funding from the United Arab Emirates. [105]
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 13 June 1978
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 June 1978 when the first Ambassador of Canada to Djibouti presented his credentials. [106] Canada also has an Honorary Consul in Djibouti City. Both Montreal and Ottawa are home to organized Djiboutian diaspora communities, and there is an active community of returned Djiboutian-Canadians in Djibouti. [107]
Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 20 November 1998Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1998 [108]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has a consulate in Djibouti City. [109]
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 22 June 1989Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1989 [110]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba.
  • Mexico is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and maintains an honorary consulate in Djibouti City. [111]
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 27 June 1977See Djibouti-United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1977. [112]

  • Djibouti is a strategic partner of the United States in the Global War on Terrorism.
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and a consulate-general in New York City.
  • United States has an embassy in Djibouti City.

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 22 October 1996See Azerbaijan–Djibouti relations
  • Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and Djibouti were established on 22 October 1996. [113]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 8 January 1979 [114] See China–Djibouti relations
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of India.svg  India 7 December 1981See Djibouti–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1981 [115]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in New Delhi.
  • India has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 1979
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979, Djibouti is represented in Indonesia through its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. Indonesia is accredited to Djibouti through its embassy in Addis Ababa. [116]
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1978
  • In July 1998, Iran and Djibouti signed a letter of understanding to consolidate their political, economic, trade, and industrial ties, but in January 2016 Djibouti cut off all diplomatic relations with Iran due to tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran. The two countries restored diplomatic ties on 22 September 2023. [117]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 24 August 1978See Djibouti–Japan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1978. [118]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Djibouti City.
  • Japan's Maritime Self-Defense Force(MSDF) maintains an overseas military base in Djibouti since 2011. Japanese forces in Djibouti is tasked to escort ships and combat piracy on the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea.
Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 31 October 1982Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 October 1982 [119]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has a consulate in Djibouti City.
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 26 February 1998Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1998 [120]
  • Djibouti is accredited to the Philippines from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.
Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 7 December 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1977 [121]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Riyadh.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 15 September 1983
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1983. [122] Djibouti is accredited to Singapore from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. [123]
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 7 December 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1977 [124]
  • Bilateral trade in 2011 amounted to $47,390,000 in exports, and $9,000 in imports. [125]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 25 June 1979 [126] See also Djibouti–Turkey relations
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Ankara. [127]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Djibouti City. [127]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$252 million in 2019. [127]
Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan
  • Djibouti recognized the independence of Uzbekistan on 6 January 1992. However both countries have not yet established diplomatic relations. [128]
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 30 April 1991
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 13 March 1980See Djibouti - Yemen relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1980. [130]

Relations between Yemen and Djibouti are good, and cooperation takes place on many levels. A causeway between the two countries has been proposed.

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Sana'a.
  • Yemen has an embassy in Djibouti City.

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark
  • Denmark is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [131]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. [132]
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 14 March 2007Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 2007 [133]
  • Finland is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [134]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Finland from its embassy in Moscow, Russia. [135]
Flag of France.svg  France 6 July 1977See Djibouti–France relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1977. [136]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 23 January 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1978 [137]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 1981
  • Greece has an honorary consulate in Djibouti City.
  • Greek-Djiboutian relations are particularly friendly. The Greek community in Djibouti has significantly contributed to that. [138]
Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 19 July 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2005 [139]
  • Iceland is accredit to Djibouti from its embassy in Kampala, Uganda. [140]
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 6 July 2001Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 2001 [141]
  • Ireland is accredit to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [142] [143]
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 22 March 2013
  • Djibouti officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 8 May 2010. [144] On 22 March 2013 Djibouti and Kosovo established diplomatic relations and vowed to strengthen bilateral co-operation with one another. [145]
Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 18 May 1978
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 3 April 1978See Djibouti–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1978 [147]

  • Djibouti has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Djibouti City.
Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 11 July 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1978 [148]
  • Serbia has an honorary consulate in Djibouti City. [149]
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 25 June 1979 [150] * Djibouti is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 20 February 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1980, when first ambassador of Sweden to Djibouti M. Bror Arne Lennart Helleryd presented his credentials to President of Djibouti Hassan Gouled Aptidon [151]
  • Djibouti is accredited to Sweden from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. [152]
  • Sweden is accredited to Djibouti from its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [153]
Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 23 December 1982Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1982 [154]
  • Djibouti has an embassy in Geneva.
  • Switzerland has an honorary consulate in Djibouti City.
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 25 January 1978
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1978, when first Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Djibouti Mr. Benjamin Strachan presented his letters of credentials to President of Djibouti Hassan Gouled Aptidon [155]

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
  • Djibouti is accredited to Australia through its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. [156]
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
  • Djibouti is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. [157]

International organisations

Djibouti is a member of the African Union, Arab League, La Francophonie, Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa, and the United Nations.

In 1996, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), a developmental organisation of seven countries in East Africa, established its headquarters in Djibouti City. IGAD's mandate is for regional cooperation and economic integration.

After the terror attacks of 11 September 2001, Djibouti joined the Global War on Terror. It is now home to the Camp Lemonnier military compound.

Djibouti is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

See also

Notes

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References

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.