Member State of the Arab League |
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Foreign relations of Djibouti are managed by the Djiboutian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Djibouti maintains close ties with the governments of Somalia, Ethiopia, France and the United States. It is likewise an active participant in African Union, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and Arab League affairs.
Djibouti has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992. [1]
List of countries which Djibouti maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | France | 27 June 1977 [2] |
2 | Germany | 27 June 1977 [3] |
3 | Pakistan | 27 June 1977 [4] |
4 | United States | 27 June 1977 [5] |
5 | Hungary | 28 June 1977 [6] |
6 | Syria | June 1977 [7] |
7 | Egypt | 22 July 1977 [8] |
8 | Oman | 16 November 1977 [9] |
9 | Saudi Arabia | 7 December 1977 [10] |
10 | South Korea | 7 December 1977 [11] |
11 | Czech Republic | 8 December 1977 [12] |
12 | Tunisia | 1977 [13] |
13 | Cameroon | 22 January 1978 [14] |
14 | Sudan | 25 January 1978 [15] |
15 | United Kingdom | 25 January 1978 [16] |
16 | Iraq | 11 March 1978 [17] |
17 | Morocco | 14 March 1978 [18] |
18 | Senegal | 24 March 1978 [19] |
19 | Iran | 4 April 1978 [20] |
20 | Russia | 5 April 1978 [21] |
21 | Canada | 13 June 1978 [22] |
— | State of Palestine | 13 June 1978 [23] |
22 | Romania | 18 June 1978 [24] |
23 | Belgium | 19 June 1978 [25] |
24 | Serbia | 11 July 1978 [26] |
25 | Libya | 24 July 1978 [27] |
26 | Guinea | 7 August 1978 [28] |
27 | Japan | 24 August 1978 [29] |
28 | Algeria | 10 October 1978 [30] |
29 | China | 8 January 1979 [31] |
30 | Somalia | 4 June 1979 [27] |
31 | Spain | 25 June 1979 [32] |
32 | Turkey | 25 June 1979 [33] |
33 | Indonesia | 6 September 1979 [34] |
34 | Ethiopia | 15 December 1979 [27] |
35 | Sweden | 20 February 1980 [35] |
36 | Poland | 24 February 1980 [36] |
37 | Yemen | 13 March 1980 [37] |
38 | Albania | 2 April 1980 [38] |
39 | Rwanda | 3 April 1980 [27] |
40 | Italy | 19 June 1980 [39] |
41 | Tanzania | 3 December 1980 [40] |
42 | Netherlands | 10 February 1981 [41] |
43 | Lebanon | 11 March 1981 [42] |
44 | India | 7 December 1981 [43] |
45 | United Arab Emirates | 26 December 1981 [44] |
46 | Kuwait | 31 October 1982 [45] |
47 | Switzerland | 23 December 1982 [46] |
48 | Austria | 18 January 1983 [47] |
49 | Bahrain | 6 February 1983 [48] |
50 | Singapore | 15 September 1983 [49] |
51 | Bangladesh | 25 September 1983 [50] |
52 | Kenya | 13 March 1984 [27] |
53 | Comoros | 29 March 1984 [27] |
54 | Jordan | 3 April 1984 [27] |
55 | Burundi | 13 December 1984 [27] |
56 | Republic of the Congo | February 1985 [51] |
57 | Greece | 21 October 1985 [52] |
58 | Thailand | 1 April 1986 [53] |
59 | Uganda | 20 January 1988 [27] |
60 | Mexico | 22 June 1989 [54] |
61 | Nigeria | 12 July 1989 [27] |
62 | Vietnam | 30 April 1991 [55] |
63 | Seychelles | 3 February 1993 [27] |
64 | North Korea | 13 June 1993 [56] |
65 | Eritrea | 11 July 1993 [57] |
66 | Argentina | 27 August 1993 [58] |
67 | South Africa | 7 February 1996 [59] |
68 | Portugal | 29 March 1996 [58] |
69 | Azerbaijan | 22 October 1996 [58] |
70 | Brazil | 22 October 1996 [58] |
71 | North Macedonia | 12 June 1997 [58] |
72 | Philippines | 16 February 1998 [60] |
73 | Malaysia | 26 July 1998 [61] |
74 | Colombia | 30 September 1998 [58] |
75 | Cuba | 20 November 1998 [58] |
76 | Lithuania | 9 June 1999 [58] |
77 | Madagascar | 13 August 1999 [27] |
— | Holy See | 20 May 2000 [62] |
78 | Georgia | 22 November 2000 [58] |
79 | Slovakia | 22 November 2000 [58] |
80 | Luxembourg | 14 June 2001 [63] |
81 | Ireland | 6 July 2001 [58] |
82 | Denmark | 10 December 2002 [64] |
83 | Norway | 5 February 2003 [65] |
84 | Estonia | 16 June 2005 [66] |
85 | Iceland | 19 July 2005 [58] |
86 | Venezuela | 8 October 2005 [67] |
87 | Slovenia | 14 December 2006 [58] |
88 | Bulgaria | 13 February 2007 [68] |
89 | Botswana | 14 March 2007 [27] |
90 | Finland | 14 March 2007 [58] |
91 | Uruguay | 12 February 2008 [58] |
92 | Maldives | 7 April 2008 [69] |
93 | Benin | 16 June 2008 [27] |
94 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 7 August 2008 [58] |
95 | Andorra | 17 March 2009 [58] |
96 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 17 March 2009 [58] |
97 | Ukraine | 17 March 2009 [58] |
98 | Chad | 20 April 2009 [70] |
99 | Niger | 20 April 2009 [70] |
100 | Australia | 23 April 2009 [71] |
101 | Panama | 15 December 2009 [72] |
102 | Kazakhstan | 5 May 2010 [73] |
103 | Paraguay | 22 July 2010 [58] |
104 | Fiji | 16 September 2010 [58] |
105 | Chile | 22 January 2011 [74] |
106 | Dominican Republic | 8 March 2011 [58] |
107 | Montenegro | 6 October 2011 [58] |
108 | Monaco | 1 December 2011 [75] |
109 | South Sudan | 11 February 2012 [76] |
110 | Latvia | 30 March 2012 [77] |
111 | Brunei | 9 November 2012 [78] |
112 | Mali | 12 November 2012 [79] |
— | Kosovo | 19 May 2013 [80] |
113 | Belarus | 26 August 2013 [81] |
114 | Burkina Faso | 16 December 2013 [82] |
115 | Kyrgyzstan | 3 June 2015 [83] |
116 | Sri Lanka | 16 November 2015 [84] |
117 | Ecuador | 20 November 2015 [58] |
118 | Mongolia | 20 January 2016 [58] |
119 | Togo | 14 February 2016 [85] |
120 | Cambodia | 28 April 2016 [58] |
121 | Ivory Coast | 28 April 2016 [58] |
122 | New Zealand | 1 October 2016 [86] |
123 | Mauritius | 12 December 2016 [58] |
124 | Mauritania | 15 February 2017 [87] |
125 | Tajikistan | 17 March 2017 [58] |
126 | Namibia | 15 May 2017 [88] |
127 | Croatia | 22 May 2017 [58] |
128 | Turkmenistan | 4 July 2017 [89] |
129 | Nepal | 14 July 2017 [58] |
130 | Zambia | 23 October 2017 [90] |
131 | Dominica | 9 January 2018 [91] |
132 | Guatemala | 28 February 2018 [92] |
133 | Peru | 28 February 2018 [93] |
134 | Malta | 26 June 2018 [58] |
135 | Equatorial Guinea | 9 October 2018 [94] |
136 | Armenia | 22 May 2019 [95] |
137 | Nicaragua | 9 September 2019 [58] |
138 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 20 February 2020 [58] |
139 | Suriname | 21 February 2020 [58] |
140 | Moldova | 9 October 2020 [58] |
141 | Gambia | 1 July 2021 [96] |
142 | Angola | 24 January 2022 [97] |
143 | Gabon | 28 November 2022 [98] |
144 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 19 October 2023 [99] |
145 | Uzbekistan | 2 May 2024 [100] |
146 | El Salvador | 7 December 2024 [101] |
147 | Ghana | Unknown |
148 | Malawi | Unknown [102] |
149 | Mozambique | Unknown |
150 | Qatar | Unknown |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Eritrea | 11 July 1993 [103] | See Djibouti–Eritrea relations
|
Ethiopia | 15 December 1979 | See Djibouti–Ethiopia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1979. [40]
|
Kenya | 13 March 1984 | See Djibouti–Kenya relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1984. [40]
|
Morocco | 14 March 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 1978 [18]
|
Somalia | 4 June 1979 | See Djibouti–Somalia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 June 1979. [40]
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 22 October 1996 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 October 1996 [104]
|
Canada | 13 June 1978 |
|
Cuba | 20 November 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1998 [108] |
Mexico | 22 June 1989 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1989 [110]
|
United States | 27 June 1977 | See Djibouti-United States relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1977. [112]
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Azerbaijan | 22 October 1996 | See Azerbaijan–Djibouti relations
|
China | 8 January 1979 [114] | See China–Djibouti relations
|
India | 7 December 1981 | See Djibouti–India relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1981 [115]
|
Indonesia | 1979 |
|
Iran | 1978 |
|
Japan | 24 August 1978 | See Djibouti–Japan relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 August 1978. [118]
|
Kuwait | 31 October 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 October 1982 [119]
|
Philippines | 26 February 1998 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1998 [120]
|
Qatar |
| |
Saudi Arabia | 7 December 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1977 [121]
|
Singapore | 15 September 1983 | |
South Korea | 7 December 1977 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 December 1977 [124]
|
Turkey | 25 June 1979 [126] | See also Djibouti–Turkey relations |
Uzbekistan |
| |
Vietnam | 30 April 1991 |
|
Yemen | 13 March 1980 | See Djibouti - Yemen relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1980. [130] Relations between Yemen and Djibouti are good, and cooperation takes place on many levels. A causeway between the two countries has been proposed.
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Denmark | ||
Finland | 14 March 2007 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 2007 [133] |
France | 6 July 1977 | See Djibouti–France relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1977. [136]
|
Germany | 23 January 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1978 [137]
|
Greece | 1981 |
|
Iceland | 19 July 2005 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2005 [139]
|
Ireland | 6 July 2001 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 2001 [141] |
Kosovo | 22 March 2013 |
|
Romania | 18 May 1978 |
|
Russia | 3 April 1978 | See Djibouti–Russia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1978 [147]
|
Serbia | 11 July 1978 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1978 [148]
|
Spain | 25 June 1979 [150] | * Djibouti is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
|
Sweden | 20 February 1980 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 February 1980, when first ambassador of Sweden to Djibouti M. Bror Arne Lennart Helleryd presented his credentials to President of Djibouti Hassan Gouled Aptidon [151] |
Switzerland | 23 December 1982 | Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1982 [154]
|
United Kingdom | 25 January 1978 |
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia |
| |
New Zealand |
|
Djibouti is a member of the African Union, Arab League, La Francophonie, Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa, and the United Nations.
In 1996, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), a developmental organisation of seven countries in East Africa, established its headquarters in Djibouti City. IGAD's mandate is for regional cooperation and economic integration.
After the terror attacks of 11 September 2001, Djibouti joined the Global War on Terror. It is now home to the Camp Lemonnier military compound.
Djibouti is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Burkina Faso has good relations with the European Union, African and certain Asian countries.
Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. During the Burundian Civil War, hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors; relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.
Cameroon's noncontentious, low-profile approach to foreign relations puts it squarely in the middle of other African and developing country states on major issues. It supports the principles of non-interference in the affairs of third world countries and increased assistance to underdeveloped countries. Cameroon is an active participant in the United Nations, where its voting record demonstrates its commitment to causes that include international peacekeeping, the rule of law, environmental protection, and Third World economic development. In the UN and other human rights fora, Cameroon's non-confrontational approach has generally led it to avoid criticizing other countries.
Cape Verde follows a policy of nonalignment and seeks cooperative relations with all friendly states. Angola, Brazil, the People's Republic of China, Cuba, France, Germany, Portugal, Senegal, Russia, South Korea and the United States maintain embassies in Praia.
President François Bozizé has said that one of his priorities is to get the support of the international community. This has indeed been visible in his relations to donor countries and international organisations. At the same time it is difficult to have an open policy towards neighbouring countries when they are used as safe haven by rebels regularly attacking Central African Republic (C.A.R.), or when one allied country is in war with another.
In November 1975, Comoros became the 143rd member of the United Nations. The new nation was defined as consisting of the entire archipelago, despite the fact that France maintains control over Mayotte.
The government's official policy is one of nonalignment. In its search for assistance to meet the goal of national reconstruction, the government of Equatorial Guinea has established diplomatic relations with numerous European and Third World countries. Having achieved independence under UN sponsorship, Equatorial Guinea feels a special kinship with that organization. It became the 126th UN member on November 12, 1968. Equatorial Guinea served as a non-permanent member on the United Nations Security Council from 2017 to 2019.
Gabon has followed a non-aligned policy, advocating dialogue in international affairs and recognizing both parts of divided countries. Since 1973, the number of countries establishing diplomatic relations with Gabon has doubled. In inter-African affairs, Gabon espouses development by evolution rather than revolution and favors regulated free enterprise as the system most likely to promote rapid economic growth. Concerned about stability in Central Africa and the potential for intervention, Gabon has been directly involved with mediation efforts in Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Angola, and former Zaire. In December 1999, through the mediation efforts of President Bongo, a peace accord was signed in the Republic of Congo between the government and most leaders of an armed rebellion. President Bongo has remained involved in the continuing Congolese peace process. Gabon has been a strong proponent of regional stability, and Gabonese armed forces played an important role in the UN Peacekeeping Mission to the Central African Republic (MINURCA).
The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.
Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.
Following independence in 1960, Mali initially followed a socialist path and was aligned ideologically with the communist bloc. Mali's foreign policy orientation became increasingly pragmatic and pro-Western over time. Since the institution of a democratic form of government in 1992, Mali's relations with the West in general and the United States in particular have improved significantly. U.S.-Malian relations are described by the U.S. Department of State as "excellent and expanding," especially given Mali's recent record of democratic stability in the volatile area of West Africa and its avowed support of the war on terrorism. Mali is reported to be one of the largest recipients of U.S. aid in Africa.
Niger pursues a moderate foreign policy and maintains friendly relations with both East and West. It is a member state of the United Nations. Niger maintains a special relationship with France and enjoys close relations with its West African neighbours.
For the two decades preceding the Republic of the Congo's 1991 National Conference, the country was firmly in the socialist camp, allied principally with the Soviet Union and other Eastern bloc nations. Educational, economic, and foreign aid links between Congo and its Eastern bloc allies were extensive, with the Congolese military and security forces receiving significant Soviet, East German, and Cuban assistance.
Tanzania's first president, Julius Nyerere also was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement, and, during the Cold War era, Tanzania played an important role in regional and international organisations, such as the Non-Aligned Movement, the front-line states, the G-77, and the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). One of Africa's best-known elder statesmen, Nyerere was personally active in many of these organisations, and served chairman of the OAU (1984–85) and chairman of six front-line states concerned with eliminating apartheid in Southern Africa. Nyerere was also involved with peace negotiations in Burundi until his death. Nyerere's death, on 14 October 1999, is still commemorated annually.
Although Togo's foreign policy is nonaligned, it has strong historical and cultural ties with western Europe, especially France and Germany. Togo is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, exchanging high commissioners with other Commonwealth countries. It recognizes the People's Republic of China, North Korea, and Cuba, and re-established relations with Israel in 1987.
After seizing power in the 1972 coup d'état, Major Mathieu Kérékou declared the People's Republic of Benin a Marxist-Leninist state and sought financial support from communist governments in Eastern Europe and Asia. To distance the modern state from its colonial past, the country became the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. However, Benin dropped the socialist ideology in 1989 following pressure from creditors and domestic unrest related to economic hardship.
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau follows a nonaligned foreign policy and seeks friendly and cooperative relations with a wide variety of states and organizations. France, Portugal, Angola, Brazil, Egypt, Nigeria, Libya, Cuba, the Palestine Liberation Organization, Ghana, and Russia have diplomatic offices in Bissau.
The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely to France by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, whilst at the same time maintaining complete independence. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.
The foreign relations of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania have, since 1960, been dominated by the issues of the Spanish Sahara and the recognition of its independence by its neighbours, particularly Morocco. Mauritania's foreign relations are handled by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, who is currently Mohamed Salem Ould Merzoug.
Throughout the Cold War, Ivory Coast's foreign policy was generally favorable toward the West. In particular, Félix Houphouët-Boigny kept relations with France that was among the closest between any African country and a former colonial power. The country became a member of the United Nations at independence in 1960 and participates in most of its specialized agencies. It is also an associate member of the European Union. In general, President Bédié initiated and maintained relations with many countries of the European Union and Asia. Ivory Coast maintains a wide variety of diplomatic contacts.
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.