Foreign relations of Liberia

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Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, with a significant relationship with the United States, sharing close relations until the 1970s. [1] [2] [ citation needed ]

Contents

During the 1990s, Charles Taylor's presidency and the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars underscored Liberian relations with the Western world, the People's Republic of China, and its neighboring countries in Western Africa.[ citation needed ]

Stabilization in the 21st century brought a return to cordial relations with neighboring countries and much of the Western world. Liberia holds diplomatic relations with many western nations, including its long time partner the United States, as well as Russia, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Liberia maintains diplomatic relations with:

Diplomatic relations of Liberia.svg
#CountryDate
1Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1 August 1849 [3]
2Flag of France.svg  France 20 April 1852 [4]
3Flag of the United States.svg  United States 23 February 1864 [5]
4Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 5 June 1867 [6]
Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg  Holy See 15 December 1927 [7]
5Flag of Chile.svg  Chile 19 July 1945 [8]
6Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 3 May 1949 [9]
7Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 15 May 1950 [10]
8Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 1 January 1951 [11]
9Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 5 October 1951 [12]
10Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 29 June 1952 [13]
11Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 23 July 1953 [14]
12Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana June 1957 [15]
13Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 22 August 1957 [16]
14Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia 1957 [17]
15Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden 6 June 1958 [18]
16Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 11 June 1958 [19]
17Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 1 August 1958 [20]
18Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic 18 December 1958 [21]
19Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 1958 [22]
20Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 6 March 1959 [23]
21Flag of Serbia.svg  Serbia 15 September 1959 [24]
Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1959 [25]
22Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina 8 January 1960 [26]
23Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco 5 April 1960 [27]
24Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Democratic Republic of the Congo 30 June 1960 [28]
25Flag of India.svg  India 7 July 1960 [29]
26Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg   Switzerland 19 July 1960 [30]
27Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 29 July 1960 [31]
28Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 1 October 1960 [32]
29Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 14 October 1960 [33]
30Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 23 November 1960 [34]
31Flag of Luxembourg.svg  Luxembourg 20 January 1961 [35]
32Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast 31 July 1961 [36]
33Flag of Japan.svg  Japan September 1961 [37]
34Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 8 June 1962 [38]
35Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan 8 August 1962 [39]
36Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 1962 [40]
37Flag of Austria.svg  Austria 25 June 1963 [41]
38Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 11 July 1963 [42]
39Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 1963 [43]
40Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso 1963 [43]
41Flag of Niger.svg  Niger 1963 [43]
42Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 18 March 1964 [44]
43Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 21 May 1964 [45]
44Flag of Norway.svg  Norway 17 February 1965 [46]
45Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 16 March 1965 [47]
46Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 3 November 1965 [48]
47Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 6 December 1965 [49]
48Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia 1965 [50]
49Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 27 May 1966 [51]
50Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand 2 February 1967 [52]
51Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 13 March 1967 [53]
52Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda 5 April 1967 [54]
53Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 1969 [55] [56]
54Flag of Finland.svg  Finland 24 March 1970 [57]
55Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic 5 May 1970 [58]
56Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 24 February 1971 [59]
57Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 31 December 1971 [60]
58Flag of Kuwait.svg  Kuwait 1971 [61]
59Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 3 April 1972 [62]
60Flag of Romania.svg  Romania 30 April 1972 [63]
61Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 7 June 1972 [64]
62Flag of Poland.svg  Poland 30 May 1973 [65]
63Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czech Republic 15 October 1973 [66]
64Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 20 December 1973 [67]
65Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau 20 February 1974 [68]
66Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia 30 March 1974 [69]
67Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 1 April 1974 [70]
68Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba 19 April 1974 [71]
69Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines 20 May 1974 [72]
70Flag of Greece.svg  Greece 29 May 1974 [73]
71Flag of Lesotho.svg  Lesotho 4 July 1974 [74]
72Flag of Bulgaria.svg  Bulgaria 1 November 1974 [75]
73Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 11 November 1974 [76]
74Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 19 March 1975 [77]
75Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 2 June 1975 [78]
76Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon 17 June 1975 [79]
77Flag of Cape Verde.svg  Cape Verde 27 July 1975 [80]
78Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 23 April 1976 [81]
79Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 8 June 1976 [82]
80Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 22 June 1976 [83]
81Flag of Hungary.svg  Hungary 15 July 1976 [84]
82Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 17 February 1977 [85]
83Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador 31 March 1980 [86]
84Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 1980 [87]
85Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 1980 [87]
86Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 1980 [87]
87Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 15 October 1982 [88]
88Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 7 January 1987 [89]
89Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 28 September 1988 [86]
90Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 28 April 1990 [90]
91Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 30 March 1993 [91]
92Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan 22 May 1996 [92]
93Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 10 January 1997 [93]
94Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 1997 [94]
95Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia 6 March 1998 [86]
96Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 24 September 1998 [86]
97Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica Before 1999 [12]
98Flag of Cyprus.svg  Cyprus 30 November 2000 [86]
99Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 2004 [95]
100Flag of Iceland.svg  Iceland 28 November 2006 [86]
101Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 May 2007 [86]
102Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay 1 June 2007 [86]
103Flag of Estonia.svg  Estonia 28 June 2007 [96]
104Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan 10 December 2007 [97]
105Flag of Malta.svg  Malta 20 May 2008 [86]
106Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia 26 September 2008 [86]
107Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 17 December 2008 [98]
108Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi 26 February 2009 [99]
109Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates 6 May 2009 [100]
110Flag of Sri Lanka.svg  Sri Lanka 17 July 2009 [101]
111Flag of Qatar.svg  Qatar 3 November 2009 [102]
112Flag of Angola.svg  Angola 3 December 2009 [103]
113Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg  Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 February 2010 [86]
114Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia 4 March 2010 [86]
115Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 21 September 2010 [104]
116Flag of Tuvalu.svg  Tuvalu 28 August 2012 [105]
Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended) [106] 30 October 2012 or before [107]
117Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 15 November 2012 [86]
118Flag of Montenegro.svg  Montenegro 4 April 2014 [86]
119Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia 10 April 2014 [86]
120Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania 23 April 2014 [86]
121Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 26 August 2014 [108]
122Flag of Belarus.svg  Belarus 27 April 2016 [86]
123Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 27 April 2016 [86]
124Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg  Kyrgyzstan 17 June 2016 [109]
125Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 28 June 2016 [110]
126Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 12 August 2016 [111]
127Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar 5 May 2017 [112]
128Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda 16 May 2017 [113]
129Flag of Nepal.svg    Nepal 17 August 2017 [86]
130Flag of Armenia.svg  Armenia 22 September 2017 [114]
Flag of Kosovo.svg  Kosovo 27 May 2018 [115]
131Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi 22 January 2020 [116]
132Flag of Tajikistan.svg  Tajikistan 21 September 2022 [86]
133Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica 22 September 2022 [86]
134Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados 27 February 2024 [117]
135Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain 26 September 2024 [86]
136Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia 26 September 2024 [86]
137Flag of Uzbekistan.svg  Uzbekistan 26 September 2024 [118]
138Flag of Chad.svg  Chad Unknown
139Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Republic of the Congo Unknown
140Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini Unknown

Bilateral relations

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Flag of Algeria.svg  Algeria 31 December 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 December 1971 when Algeria established first Mission and first Algerian Ambassador Mr. Zitouni Messaoudi presented his credentials to President of Liberia. [60]
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium 5 June 1867Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1867 when has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires of Liberia to Belgium (resident in Paris) M. le vicomte de Fleury. [6]
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when M. Pierre Cofi, the Ambassador of the Ivory Coast has presented his Letters of credence to President Tubman, from the Presidents of Republics of the Upper Volta, Niger and Dahomey, accrediting him Ambassador of the free states to the Republic of Liberia. [43]
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 21 September 2010Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2010 whe Ambassador of Liberia to Botswana Mr. Lois Lewis Brutus presented his credentials to President Seretse Khama. [104]
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon 23 November 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1960 when open Embassy of Cameroon in Monrovia. [34]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 17 February 1977See China–Liberia relations

Relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Liberia have been broken and reestablished several times since February 17, 1977, when diplomatic relations between the PRC and Liberia were first formed. [119] The PRC broke off relations with Liberia on October 10, 1989, in response to Liberia's recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan). [120]

Taiwan had offered $200 million in aid to Liberia for education and infrastructure in exchange for this recognition. The PRC reestablished relations with Liberia on August 10, 1993, and opened an embassy in Monrovia, making Liberia one of the few nations with established diplomatic ties to both the PRC and ROC. [121] In 1997, Charles Taylor's government proclaimed to recognize "two Chinas" and the PRC subsequently severed diplomatic relations. [122]

Liberia dropped diplomatic relations with the ROC on October 12, 2003, and reestablished ties with the People's Republic of China. [123] This move was seen largely as a result of the PRC's lobbying in the UN and plans to deploy a peacekeeping force in Liberia. [124]

Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Cote d'Ivoire 31 July 1961Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1961 [36]
  • Ivory Coast has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abidjan.
Flag of Denmark.svg  Denmark 31 December 1861 [125] [126]

25 July 1963

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1963 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Liberia (resident in Accra) Mr. Hans Adolf Biering [127]
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt 11 June 1958Both countries established diplomatic relations and exchange diplomatic representations at ambassadorial level on 11 June 1958. [19]
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to Liberia, residing in Lagos M. Jose Walterio Okori Dougan. [87]
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia 1958Both countries have agreed to exchange diplomatic missions at Embassy level in 1958. [22]
Flag of Finland.svg  Finland
  • Finland is accredited to Liberia through its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Liberia is accredited to Finland through its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
Flag of France.svg  France 20 April 1852See France–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1852 [4]

  • France recognized Liberia in 1852. [128]
  • France has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Paris.
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia 3 November 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1965 when has been accredited Ambassador of Liberia to Gambia Mr. R. Francis Okai (Jnr.). [48]
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany 23 July 1953Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1953 [14]

See Germany–Liberia relations

  • Liberia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Monrovia. [129]
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana June 1957Both countries established diplomatic relations in June 1957 when M. Abraham Benjamin Bah Kofi, Ghanaian Charge d'Affaires to Liberia presented his credentials to President Tubman. [15]
Flag of Guinea.svg  Guinea 6 March 1959

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1959 when Mr. Edward Peal, the Liberian Ambassador to the Republic of Guinea, presented his credentials to President S. Toure. [23]

The First Liberian Civil War, instigated by Charles Taylor and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) on December 24, 1989, eventually spread to neighboring Sierra Leone in 1991 when dissidents of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led by Foday Sankoh, began using Liberia as a staging ground for NPFL backed military assaults on border towns in Sierra Leone. [130] [131] [132]

By 1992, 120,000 people had fled from Sierra Leone to Guinea due to the RUF's practice of targeting civilians. In 2001, Liberian forces along with the RUF began attacking and burning refugee camps and Guinean villages along the border. In an inflammatory speech the Guinean president Lansana Conté, blamed the refugees for the border destabilization and alleged that the vast majority of refugees were rebels. [130]

He called for the Guinean population to defend its nation. This call precipitated attacks, beatings, rapes, and abductions of refugees by Guinean police and military forces. This reversal of Guinea's previously open policy towards refugees, further escalated the refugee crisis as refugees attempted to cross back through RUF territory. [131] By 2002, the United Nations estimated that three million people, or one in five people of the Mano River Union countries, were displaced. [132] [133]

  • Guinea has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Conakry.
Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti 29 June 1952Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1952. [13]
  • Haiti and Liberia recognized each other in 1864. [134]
  • The two countries established treaties of friendship and commerce the same year. [134]
Flag of India.svg  India 7 July 1960See India–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960 [29]

Indian-Liberian relations have traditionally been strong and cordial with Liberia's full-fledged support for India's stand on Kashmir and India's aspiration for permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. In recent years, both nations have developed close and extensive cooperation in trade, military and strategic fields.

Amidst India's growing role in Liberia, the Liberian Minister of Mines and Energy, Dr. Eugene Shannon visited India in October 2005 to participate in the Confederation of Indian Industry-Africa Conclave. In 2008, the President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was invited to visit India. [135] Major items of Indian exports include engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, two wheelers, transportation equipment, steel and plastic products. Major items of imports are gold, diamonds, timber and metal scrap. Following lifting of United Nations sanctions, timber concessions have been awarded to Indian firms. Overall, Indian investments in Liberia have been increased from US$450 million in 2005 to an estimated $2 billion in 2009.

Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 2 June 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1975 [78] In 2023, an Iranian drone struck the Liberian flagged chemical tanker Chem Pluto. [138] [139]
Flag of Iraq.svg  Iraq 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited Ambassador of Iraq to Liberia, residing in Lagos M. Saffa Mohammed Ali. [87]
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 22 August 1957See Israel–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 August 1957. [16]

  • Liberia and Israel established ties in 1957 with the accreditation of Israeli ambassador Ehud Avriel. [140]
  • Liberia severed ties with Israel over the Yom Kippur War in 1973. [141]
  • Relations are re-established in 1983. [142]
  • On 8 June 2022, Liberia announced its plans to open a trade office in Jerusalem, which is to become an embassy. [142]
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy 5 October 1951Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1951 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Liberia Mr. Umberto Campini. [12]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan September 1961
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1961
  • Liberia is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan. [143]
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya 21 May 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 May 1964 when Liberia's Ambassador to Kenya, Mr. George Padmore, has presented his credentials to the Governor-General of Kenya. [45]
Flag of Laos.svg  Laos 12 August 2016Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 2016
  • Liberia is accredited to Laos through its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Laos does not have an accreditation to Liberia. [144]
Flag of Lebanon.svg  Lebanon 1 January 1951Both countries established diplomatic relations when Liberian and Lebanese Governments to raise their Consulates General to the status of Legations, and a proclamation was issued announcing that the change would take effect from 1 January 1951. [11] In 1957 both countries raise their Legations to status of Embassies [145]
Flag of Libya.svg  Libya 1 April 1974See Liberia–Libya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1974. [70]

Liberia's relationship with Libya has been characterized by Muammar Gaddafi's attempts at bringing Liberia under greater Libyan influence. Relations under the Doe administration were poor, owing to efforts by the United States to undermine Gaddafi's leverage, and Doe's cynicism of the Libyan leader's intentions. Gaddafi financially and militarily backed rebel leader Charles Taylor, under whose regime Liberia sought closer relations with Libya. After Taylor was ousted in 2003, Liberia continued to maintain diplomatic relations with Libya, only severing them after the onset of the Libyan Civil War, and just recently reestablishing them.

Flag of Mali.svg  Mali 14 October 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1960 when established Embassy of Mali in Liberia and appointed first Chargé d'Affaires Mr. Sango Ibrahima in Monrovia [33]
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania 13 March 1967Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1967 when Ambassador of Mauritania to Liberia M. Bakar Ould Ahmedou, has presented his credentials to President Tubman. [53]
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 22 June 1976Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1976 [83]
  • Liberia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. [146]
  • Mexico is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 17 December 2008Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 2008 when has been accredited Ambassador of Liberia to Mozambique. [98]
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 28 April 1990

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1990 [90]

In 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia brought litigation against apartheid South Africa in the International Court of Justice to end its illegal occupation of Namibia. [147] As part of Liberia's support for Namibia's liberation struggle, many Namibian students received Liberian passports which helped them study abroad.

As of July 2008, a total of 5,900 Namibia Defence Force troops had been rotated through Liberia as part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia. [148] Namibia maintained a battalion of about 800 personnel in Grand Cape Mount county for several years, for most of the period part of UNMIL Sector 2, headquartered at Tubmanburg. In May 2005, Namibian troops were accused of sexual exploitation of young girls and women; three Namibian soldiers were sent home from the force after a United Nations investigation found them guilty of "engaging in sexual activity with civilians", which is against United Nations rules for peacekeepers. [149]

  • Liberia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Liberia from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 3 May 1949Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1949. [9]

27 March 1936 has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Liberia to the Netherlands Baron Otto van den Bogaerde van Terbrugge. [150]

  • The Netherlands recognized Liberia in 1862. [128]
  • The two countries signed a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation on 20 December 1862. [151]
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria 1 October 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date. [32]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Monrovia.
Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
  • Liberia is accredited to Norway through its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Norway is accredited to Liberia through its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 1969Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1969 when has been accredited Pakistan's first Ambassador to Liberia M. Ali Arshad. [56]
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 7 June 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1972. [64]

Liberia and Russia resumed bilateral relations in March 2010 and cited a recent exploration of mine by a Russian company as a sign of future trade relations. [152]

Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  • Liberia began recognizing the SADR on 31 July 1985. [153]
  • Liberia revoked its recognition in September 1997. [153]
  • By 2012, Liberia had re-established relations with the SADR. [154]
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 when has been accredited Ambassador of Senegal to Liberia M. Amadou Lamine Sall. [40]
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone 8 June 1962

See Liberia-Sierra Leone relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1962 when has been appointed first ambassador of Liberia to Sierra Leone Mr. Henry B. Fahnbulleh. [38]

The First Liberian Civil War, instigated by Charles Taylor and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) on December 24, 1989, eventually spread to neighboring Sierra Leone in 1991 when dissidents of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led by Foday Sankoh, began using Liberia as a staging ground for NPFL backed military assaults on border towns in Sierra Leone. [130] [131] [132] Guinea and Sierra Leone have accused Liberia of backing rebels who have devastated their countries. [130]

  • Liberia has an embassy in Freetown.
  • Sierra Leone has an embassy in Monrovia.
Flag of Somalia.svg  Somalia 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited Ambassador of Somalia to Liberia, residing in Dakar, M. Jaallee-Abdinur Yusuf Mohamed. [87]
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 10 January 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1997 [93]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Monrovia.
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 18 March 1964

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1964 [44]

In 2001 Bilateral Trade were Exports $7,350,000,000 (Ships, Automobile) Imports $1,270,000 (Used Ships, Mineral Fuel). [155]

Flag of Spain.svg  Spain 15 May 1950See Liberia–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1950 [10]

  • Liberia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
  • Liberia is accredited to Sweden through its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Monrovia.
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 27 May 1966Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 1966 when first Ambassador of Liberia to Tanzania Henry Bima Fahnbulleh presented his credentials to President Nyerere [51]
Flag of Togo (3-2).svg  Togo 29 July 1960Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1960 when accredited first Ambassador of Liberia to Togo Mr. John Cox. [31]
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 6 December 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1965 when was accredited first ambassador of Liberia to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Haiti) Mr. William B. Fernandez [49]
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 1 August 1958See Liberia–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1958 [20]

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1 August 1849See Liberia–United Kingdom relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1849 [3]

The UK was amongst the first countries to recognise the new republic. After the visit to the UK in 1848 of President Roberts, Queen Victoria put the Royal Navy ship HMS Amazon at the disposal of him and his family, for his return journey to Liberia. [157]

In 1961, Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Liberia, arriving at Monrovia on the HMY Britannia. [158] President Tubman made a gift of two Pygmy hippopotamus, which arrived by cargo ship in 1962 and were sent to Whipsnade Zoo. [159]

In 1962, President Tubman and his wife visited the UK. [160]

  • Liberia has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Monrovia.
Flag of the United States.svg  United States 23 February 1864Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1864 [5]

See Liberia–United States relations

U.S. relations with Liberia date back to 1819 when the US Congress appropriated $100,000 for the establishment of Liberia. [161] After official US recognition of Liberia in 1862, the two nations shared very close ties until strains in the 1970s due to Liberia's establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries. [162]

During the 1980s, the United States forged especially close ties with Liberia as part of a Cold War effort to suppress socialist and Marxist movements in Africa. Liberia received between $500 million and $1.3 billion during the 1980s from the United States government. [163]

The rise of Charles Taylor's government, the Liberian Civil War, regional instability and human rights abuses interrupted the previously close relations between Liberia and the United States. The United States cut direct financial and military aid to the Liberian government, withdrew Peace Corps operations, imposed a travel ban on senior Liberian Government officials, and frequently criticized Charles Taylor's government. [161] [164] Due to intense pressure from the international community and the United States, Charles Taylor resigned his office on August 11, 2003. [162]

The resignation and exile of Charles Taylor in 2003 brought changes in diplomatic ties between the United States and Liberia. The United States proposed a United Nations Security Council draft resolution to authorize the deployment of a multi-national stabilization force, [165] [166] and 200 marines as well as warships were sent to Monrovia's airport to support the peace-keeping effort. [167] The United States committed $1.16 billion to Liberia between 2004 and 2006. [161] [168] In 2009, A 17.5 million dollar contract to support elections was offered to Liberia with International Foundation for Electoral Systems as the conduit. [169] This money is meant to support the presidential election of 2011 and the general election of 2014. [169]

Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela 16 March 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965
Flag of Vietnam.svg  Vietnam 28 June 2016Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 2016 [110]
  • During the Cold War, Liberia maintained diplomatic relations with South Vietnam only.[ citation needed ]
  • Vietnam is accredited to Liberia through its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Liberia is accredited to Vietnam through its embassy in Beijing, China. [170]
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia 3 April 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1972 when first Zambian Ambassador to Liberia Mr. Siteke G. Mwale presented his credentials [62]

Diplomatic Agreements

Liberia is a founding member of the United Nations (see Permanent Representative of Liberia to the United Nations) and its specialized agencies and is a member of the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), African Development Bank (ADB), Mano River Union (MRU) and the Non-Aligned Movement. Liberia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98). [161] [171]

See also

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Botswana has put a premium on economic and political integration in southern Africa. It has sought to make the Southern African Development Community (SADC) a working vehicle for economic development, and it has promoted efforts to make the region self-policing in terms of preventive diplomacy, conflict resolution, and good governance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Burundi</span>

Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. During the Burundian Civil War, hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors; relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Egypt</span>

The Foreign relations of Egypt are the Egyptian government's external relations with the outside world. Egypt's foreign policy operates along a non-aligned level. Factors such as population size, historical events, military strength, diplomatic expertise and a strategic geographical position give Egypt extensive political influence in the Africa, the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia, and within the Non-Aligned Movement as a whole. Cairo has been a crossroads of the Mediterranean's, Africa's and Asia's commerce and culture for millennia, and its intellectual and religious institutions are at the center of the region's social and cultural landmarks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Ghana</span>

The foreign relations of Ghana are controlled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ghana. Ghana is active in the United Nations and many of its specialised agencies, the World Trade Organization, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States. Ghana generally follows the consensus of the Non-aligned Movement and the OAU on economic and political issues not directly affecting its own interests. Ghana has been extremely active in international peacekeeping activities under UN auspices in Lebanon, Afghanistan, Rwanda, and the Balkans, in addition to an eight-year sub-regional initiative with its ECOWAS partners to develop and then enforce a cease-fire in Liberia. Ghana is also a member of the International Criminal Court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Guinea</span>

The foreign relations of Guinea, including those with its West African neighbors, have improved steadily since 1985.

Since 1980, the foreign relations of Iraq have been influenced by a number of controversial decisions by the Saddam Hussein administration. Hussein had good relations with the Soviet Union and a number of western countries such as France and Germany, who provided him with advanced weapons systems. He also developed a tenuous relation with the United States, who supported him during the Iran–Iraq War. However, the Invasion of Kuwait that triggered the Gulf War brutally changed Iraq's relations with the Arab World and the West. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria and others were among the countries that supported Kuwait in the UN coalition. After the Hussein administration was toppled by the 2003 U.S. invasion, the governments that succeeded it have now tried to establish relations with various nations.

The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. Until 2005, Lebanon's foreign policy had been heavily influenced by Syria, however beginning with the formation of Hezbollah in 1982, Iran had gradually grown to heavily influence Lebanon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Malawi</span>

Malawi's former President Bakili Muluzi continued the pro-Western foreign policy established by his predecessor, Hastings Banda. It maintains excellent diplomatic relations with principal Western countries. Malawi's close relations with South Africa throughout the apartheid era strained its relations with other African nations. Following the collapse of apartheid in 1994, Malawi developed, and currently maintains, strong diplomatic relations with all African countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Mozambique</span>

While alliances dating back to the Mozambican War of Independence remain relevant, Mozambique's foreign policy has become increasingly pragmatic. The twin pillars of the policy are maintenance of good relations with its neighbors and maintenance and expansion of ties to development partners.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Namibia</span>

Namibia follows a largely independent foreign policy, with strong affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Nigeria, Libya, and Cuba.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Uganda</span>

Uganda has formal diplomatic relations with many countries, some accredited. Since the colonial era and after independence Uganda has grown to be one of the most important African countries. Uganda has diplomatic relations with many countries throughout Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Uganda is a member of the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Nations since 1962.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Benin</span>

After seizing power in the 1972 coup d'état, Major Mathieu Kérékou declared the People's Republic of Benin a Marxist-Leninist state and sought financial support from communist governments in Eastern Europe and Asia. To distance the modern state from its colonial past, the country became the People's Republic of Benin in 1975. However, Benin dropped the socialist ideology in 1989 following pressure from creditors and domestic unrest related to economic hardship.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of the Gambia</span>

The Gambia followed a formal policy of non-alignment throughout most of former President Dawda Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained The Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States. Starting in 1995, President Yahya Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, the Republic of China, and Cuba. As scholars on Gambia's foreign policy have argued, throughout Jammeh's period, the country's foreign policy was a shifting sand, with little of direction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Sierra Leone</span>

Sierra Leone maintains formal relations with many Western nations. It also maintains diplomatic relations with the former Soviet Bloc countries as well as with the People's Republic of China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</span>

The foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) are conducted by the Polisario Front, which maintains a network of representation offices and embassies in foreign countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Ivory Coast</span>

Throughout the Cold War, Ivory Coast's foreign policy was generally favorable toward the West. In particular, Félix Houphouët-Boigny kept relations with France that was among the closest between any African country and a former colonial power. The country became a member of the United Nations at independence in 1960 and participates in most of its specialized agencies. It is also an associate member of the European Union. In general, President Bédié initiated and maintained relations with many countries of the European Union and Asia. Ivory Coast maintains a wide variety of diplomatic contacts.

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