Foreign relations of Burundi

Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. Hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda, Tanzania, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians are in neighboring countries as a result of the ongoing civil war. Most of them, more than 340,000 since 1993, are in Tanzania. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors; relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.

Burundi is a member of various international and regional organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, the African Development Bank and the Francophonie. The Swedish Minister for Integration and Gender Equality, Nyamko Sabuni, was born in Burundi.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Burundi maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date
1	France	1 July 1962 [1]
2	Japan	1 July 1962 [2]
3	United Kingdom	1 July 1962 [3]
4	United States	1 July 1962 [4]
5	Netherlands	4 July 1962 [5]
6	Belgium	18 July 1962 [6]
7	Poland	8 August 1962 [7]
8	Russia	1 October 1962 [8]
9	Israel	22 December 1962 [9]
10	Germany	24 January 1963 [10]
—	Holy See	11 February 1963 [11]
11	Czech Republic	11 March 1963 [12]
12	China	21 December 1963 [13]
13	Democratic Republic of the Congo	1963 [14]
14	Switzerland	13 January 1964 [15]
15	Ghana	25 August 1964 [16]
16	Mali	4 November 1964 [17]
17	Egypt	8 December 1964 [18]
18	Bulgaria	28 December 1964 [19]
19	Luxembourg	29 April 1965 [20]
20	Ethiopia	9 June 1965 [21]
21	Denmark	25 June 1965 [22]
22	Tanzania	9 September 1965 [23]
23	Sweden	7 December 1965 [24]
24	Spain	27 September 1966 [25]
25	Norway	1966 [26]
26	North Korea	12 March 1967 [27]
27	Guinea	28 June 1967 [28]
28	Uganda	25 August 1967 [29]
29	India	1967 [30]
30	Italy	1967 [31]
31	Kenya	1967 [32]
32	Hungary	29 May 1968 [33]
33	Serbia	1 August 1968 [34]
34	Romania	8 August 1968 [35]
35	Greece	1968 [36]
36	Senegal	January 1969 [37]
37	Canada	27 March 1969 [38]
38	Rwanda	April 1969 [39]
39	Austria	1969 [40]
40	Nigeria	6 November 1970 [41]
41	Somalia	1970 [42]
42	Sudan	1970 [43]
43	Algeria	April 1972 [44]
44	Syria	April 1972 [45]
45	Chad	6 December 1972 [46] [47]
46	Zambia	13 March 1973 [48]
47	Vietnam	16 April 1973 [49]
48	Libya	19 April 1973 [50]
49	Albania	7 November 1973 [51]
50	Cuba	2 February 1974 [52]
51	United Arab Emirates	February 1974 [53]
52	Saudi Arabia	15 July 1974 [54]
53	Qatar	26 October 1974 [55]
54	Bahrain	11 November 1974 [56]
55	Portugal	22 February 1975 [57]
56	Oman	28 February 1975 [58]
57	Mozambique	26 June 1975 [59]
58	Argentina	20 September 1976 [60]
59	Gabon	23 October 1976 [61]
60	Mexico	28 July 1977 [62]
61	Finland	1 January 1980 [63]
62	Tunisia	1 March 1980 [64]
63	Brazil	4 March 1980 [65]
64	Turkey	30 April 1980 [66]
65	Cameroon	1 August 1980 [67]
66	Iraq	27 September 1980 [68]
67	Republic of the Congo	21 December 1980 [69]
68	Kuwait	16 January 1981 [70]
69	Bangladesh	23 May 1983 [71]
70	Djibouti	13 December 1984 [72]
71	Iran	31 March 1985 [73]
72	Zimbabwe	26 April 1985 [74]
73	Indonesia	31 May 1988 [75]
74	Thailand	20 July 1988 [76]
75	Colombia	11 November 1988 [77]
76	Angola	21 December 1988 [78]
77	Morocco	13 September 1991 [79]
78	South Korea	3 October 1991 [77]
79	Armenia	28 May 1992 [80]
80	Moldova	12 June 1992 [81]
81	Belarus	24 July 1992 [82]
82	Estonia	30 July 1992 [83]
83	Ukraine	22 February 1993 [77]
84	Lithuania	17 May 1993 [84]
85	Georgia	21 May 1993 [85]
86	Latvia	24 May 1993 [86]
87	Cambodia	25 May 1994 [77]
88	Azerbaijan	2 March 1995 [87]
89	South Africa	23 June 1995 [88]
90	Malaysia	1996 [89]
91	Slovakia	29 June 1999 [77]
92	North Macedonia	7 February 2000 [77]
93	Cyprus	26 November 2001 [90]
94	Seychelles	15 July 2002 [77]
95	Ireland	2004 [91]
96	Pakistan	9 March 2005 [92]
97	Iceland	14 December 2006 [93]
98	Botswana	13 March 2007 [77]
99	Andorra	30 May 2007 [77]
100	Slovenia	27 July 2007 [77]
101	Costa Rica	28 September 2007 [94]
102	Venezuela	30 October 2007 [95]
103	Bosnia and Herzegovina	9 September 2009 [77]
104	Ivory Coast	8 April 2010 [96]
105	Namibia	23 April 2010 [77]
106	Paraguay	2010 [97]
107	Montenegro	17 August 2012 [77]
108	Solomon Islands	13 September 2012 [77]
109	South Sudan	28 November 2012 [98]
110	Mongolia	8 July 2013 [77]
111	New Zealand	16 May 2014 [99]
112	Monaco	31 October 2014 [100]
113	Kazakhstan	4 December 2014 [77]
114	Malta	12 January 2015 [77]
115	Ecuador	27 February 2015 [77]
116	Fiji	20 March 2015 [77]
117	Turkmenistan	12 December 2015 [101]
118	Sierra Leone	2 March 2016 [102]
119	Bolivia	17 November 2016 [103]
120	Philippines	30 June 2017 [77]
121	Kyrgyzstan	22 September 2017 [77]
122	Nepal	6 June 2018 [77]
123	Dominican Republic	26 September 2018 [77]
124	Tajikistan	18 October 2018 [77]
125	Sri Lanka	11 March 2019 [77]
126	Nicaragua	26 June 2019 [77]
127	Burkina Faso	28 October 2019 [104]
128	Vanuatu	6 December 2019 [105]
129	Liberia	22 January 2020 [106]
130	Croatia	14 May 2021 [77]
131	Gambia	15 October 2021 [107]
132	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	24 November 2021 [108]
133	Maldives	20 January 2022 [77]
134	Laos	4 February 2022 [77]
135	Mauritania	26 July 2022 [109]
136	Eswatini	4 August 2022 [110]
137	Niger	25 April 2023 [111]
138	São Tomé and Príncipe	13 June 2023 [112]
139	Trinidad and Tobago	1 September 2023 [77]
140	El Salvador	18 September 2023 [113]
141	Singapore	6 October 2023 [77]
142	Australia	Unknown
143	Benin	Unknown
144	Equatorial Guinea	Unknown
145	Lesotho	Unknown
146	Malawi	Unknown
—	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (cancelled)	Unknown
147	Yemen	Unknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began.	Notes
Algeria	April 1972	Both countries established diplomatic relations in April 1972 [44] Algeria is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Bujumbura. [114] Burundi has an embassy in Algiers
Angola	21 December 1988	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1988 when Angola's first Ambassador to Burundi, Miguel Gaspar Neto presented his credentials. [78] Angola is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Tanzania. [114]
Benin		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations. [115]
Cameroon	1 August 1980	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1980 [67] Both countries are members of the Economic Community of Central African States. [116]
Central African Republic		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and Burundian President Pierre Nkurunziza visited the country in 2014. [117]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1963	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 [14] Burundi has an embassy in Kinshasa. [118] DR Congo has an embassy in Bujumbura.
Republic of Congo	21 December 1980	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 December 1980 [69] Congo is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Rwanda. [114]
Egypt	8 December 1964	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 1964 [18] Burundi has an embassy in Cairo. [118]
Equatorial Guinea		Burundi is represented in Equatorial Guinea through its embassy in Nigeria. [119] Equatorial Guinea is represented in Burundi through its embassy in the Republic of Congo. [119]
Ethiopia	9 June 1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1965 when the Burundi government has appointed its Ambassador in Addis Ababa, Pascar Bugiriza [21] Burundi has an embassy in Addis Ababa. [118] The two countries maintain friendly and cooperative relations. [120]
Ghana	25 August 1964	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1964 [16] Ghana is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Kenya. [121]
Guinea	28 June 1967	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1967 [28] Guinea is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Gabon. [122]
Kenya	1967	See Kenya–Burundi relations Kenya has an embassy in Bujumbura. [123] Burundi has an embassy in Nairobi. [118]
Malawi		Malawi is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Tanzania. [114]
Morocco	13 September 1991	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 September 1991 [79] Burundi has an embassy in Rabat. [118]
Mozambique	26 June 1975	Mozambique is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Tanzania. [114]
Nigeria	6 November 1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 November 1970 when M. Jimm Etuk , first Ambassador of Nigeria to Burundi, presented his letters of credentials to colonel Michel Micombero, Head of State. [41] Burundi has an embassy in Abuja. [118]
Rwanda	April 1969	Both countries established diplomatic relations in April 1969 [39] Main article: Burundi–Rwanda relations Rwanda has an embassy in Bujumbura.
Senegal	January 1969	Both countries established diplomatic relations in January 1969 [37] Senegal is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Ethiopia. [114]
Sierra Leone	2 March 2016	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 2016. [102] Sierra Leone is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Ethiopia. [114]
Somalia	1970	The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and Somali President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmajo visited Burundi in 2019. [124]
South Africa	23 June 1995	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1995 [125] Burundi has an embassy in Pretoria. [118] Both countries are full members of the African Union and of the African Economic Community.
South Sudan	28 November 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 November 2012 [98] South Sudan is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda. [114]
Sudan	1970	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1970 [43] Sudan is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda. [114]
Tanzania	9 September 1965	See Burundi–Tanzania relations Burundi has an embassy in Dar es Salaam. Tanzania has an embassy in Bujumbura.
Uganda	25 August 1967	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 1967 when has been accredited Ambassador of Burundi to Uganda (Resident in Dar es Salaam) Mr. P. Mangona. [29] Burundi has an embassy in Kampala. [118]
Zambia	13 March 1973	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1973 [48] Burundi has an embassy in Lusaka. [118]

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Canada	27 March 1969	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1969 [38] Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.
Mexico	28 July 1977	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1977 [62] Burundi is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States. [126] Mexico is accredited to Burundi from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya and maintains an honorary consulate Bujumbura. [127]
United States	1 July 1962 [4]	See Burundi-United States relations Burundi has an embassy in Washington, D.C. [128] United States has an embassy in Bujumbura. [129]

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
China	21 December 1963	See Burundi–China relations On December 21, 1963, the People's Republic of China established the diplomatic relations with the Republic of Burundi. But on January 29, 1965, the Burundi government unilaterally announced the break-up of the diplomatic relations with China. On October 13, 1971, the two countries restored the diplomatic relations and afterwards it has witnessed a favorable development. [13] Burundi has an embassy in Beijing. China has an embassy in Bujumbura.
India	1967	See Burundi–India relations Burundi has an embassy in New Delhi. [130] India is accredited to Burundi from its high commission in Kampala, Uganda. [131] Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements. [132]
Iran	31 March 1985	See See Burundi–Iran relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1985 [73]
Iraq	27 September 1980	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1980 when Ambassador of Iraq Mr. Fakhri Ahmed Oasio presented his credentials to President of Burundi Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza. [68]
Israel	22 December 1962 [9]	Diplomatic relations were broken off 16 May 1973 and resumption on 1 March 1995 [133]
Kuwait	16 January 1981	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 January 1981 when ambassador of Burundi Mr. Julian Nahabo presented his credentials to Amir of Kuwait Shaikh Jaber. [70]
North Korea	12 March 1967	See Burundi–North Korea relations
South Korea	3 October 1991	Establishment of diplomatic Relations between South Korea and the Republic of Burundi was on 3 October 1991. [134] In October 1985 Minister of Finance Pierre Ngerngi attended the Annual General Meeting of the IMF and the IBRD in Seoul, Korea. [135]
Vietnam	16 April 1973	Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 16, 1973 Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Belgium	18 July 1962	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 July 1962. [6] Belgium has an embassy in Bujumbura. [136] Burundi has an embassy in Brussels. [137]
Cyprus	26 November 2001	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 November 2001 [90] Burundi is represented in Cyprus by its embassy in Geneva, Switzerland [138] and an honorary consulate in Nicosia. [139] Cyprus is represented in Burundi by its embassy in Doha, Qatar [140] and an honorary consulate in Bujumbura. [141] Both countries are full members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.
Denmark	25 June 1965	Denmark is represented in Burundi, through its embassy in Kampala. [142] Burundi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin. [143]
Greece	1968	Greece is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda, while Uganda is represented in Greece through its embassy in Switzerland. [144]
Italy	1967	Burundi and Italy maintain diplomatic relations and Italy is represented in Burundi through its embassy in Uganda. [145]
Netherlands	4 July 1962	The Netherlands have an embassy in Bujumbura. [146]
Poland	8 August 1962	See Burundi–Poland relations
Russia	1 October 1962	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1962 See Burundi–Russia relations
Spain	27 September 1966	Burundi is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France. Spain is accredited to Burundi from its embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Turkey	30 April 1980	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1980 [66] Burundi has an embassy in Ankara. [147] Turkey has an embassy in Bujumbura. [147] Trade volume between the two countries was 3.1 million USD in 2019 (Burundi's exports/imports: 0.5/2.6 million USD). [147]
United Kingdom	1 July 1962	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 1962 [3] Burundi has an embassy in London, [148] located in Uganda House which houses the High Commission of Uganda. The United Kingdom has a liaison office in Bujumbura. [149] This posting is subordinate to the British Embassy in Kigali, Rwanda.

Pacific

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Australia		Australia is represented in Burundi by its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. [150] [131]

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Burundi
• List of diplomatic missions of Burundi

References

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