Demographics of Burundi

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Demographics of Burundi
Burundi single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Burundi in 2020
Population12,696,478 (2022 est.)
Growth rate3.63% (2022 est.)
Birth rate35.17 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy67.42 years
  male65.32 years
  female69.59 years
Fertility rate5.03 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate37.84 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate7.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years43.83%
65 and over3.06%
Sex ratio
Total0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.02 male(s)/female
65 and over0.62 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityBurundian
Language
OfficialKirundi, French, English, Swahili

Demographic features of the population of Burundi include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Contents

Demographics of Burundi, Number of inhabitants in thousands. Burundi-Demography.png
Demographics of Burundi, Number of inhabitants in thousands.

At 206.1 persons per km², Burundi has the second-largest population density in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil. The population is made up of three major ethnic groupsHutu (Bahutu), Tutsi (Batutsi or Watusi), and Twa (Batwa). Kirundi is the common language. Intermarriage takes place frequently between the Hutus and Tutsis. The terms "pastoralist" and "agriculturist", often used as ethnic designations for Watusi and Bahutu, respectively, are only occupational titles which vary among individuals and groups. Although Hutus encompass the majority of the population, historically Tutsis have been politically and economically dominant. [1]

Population

Estimated population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate by year according to United Nations estimates Burundi Population 1950-2021 Forecast 2022-2032 UN World Population Prospects 2022.svg
Estimated population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate by year according to United Nations estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [2] [3] , the total population was 11,891,000 in 2020, compared to only 2 309 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2020 was 45.3%, 52.4% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.4% of the population was 65 years or older. . [4] [5]

Total populationPopulation aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
19502 309 00040.955.93.2
19552 537 00042.454.53.1
19602 798 00043.853.22.9
19653 094 00045.351.83.0
19703 479 00045.551.53.0
19753 701 00045.451.33.3
19804 157 00044.752.23.1
19854 751 00046.250.93.0
19905 439 00047.949.32.8
19955 987 00050.347.12.5
20006 379 00050.147.42.5
20057 365 00047.050.72.3
20108 676 00045.152.72.2
201510 160 00045.552.42.1
202011 891 00045.352.42.4

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2015) (Unrevised data.): [6]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total4 822 8385 000 9909 823 828100
0–4856 714855 7691 712 48317.43
5–9679 740699 2601 379 00014.04
10–14604 457629 6291 234 08612.56
15–19496 353525 5621 021 91510.40
20–24467 123507 522974 6459.92
25–29397 323446 043843 3668.58
30–34321 348337 758659 1066.71
35–39236 115230 446466 5614.75
40–44182 701183 765366 4663.73
45–49153 796156 798310 5943.16
50–54134 933130 247265 1802.70
55–59113 470111 808225 2782.29
60–6474 55670 655145 2111.48
65-6944 74446 04190 7850.92
70-7425 72228 82654 5480.56
75-7916 05620 16436 2200.37
80+17 68720 69738 3840.39
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–142 140 9112 184 6584 325 56944.03
15–642 577 7182 700 6045 278 32253.73
65+104 209115 728219 9372.24

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020): [6]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total6 080 3916 229 20912 309 600100
0–4874 372864 5991 738 97114.13
5–9869 861865 1821 735 04314.10
10–14813 776816 8171 630 59313.25
15–19635 015647 2341 282 24910.42
20–24536 485556 2801 092 7658.88
25–29496 482527 4301 023 9118.32
30–34443 784481 580925 3647.52
35–39360 774378 666739 4396.01
40–44268 219268 291536 5104.36
45–49190 837196 746387 5833.15
50–54163 759171 797335 5552.73
55–59140 489143 340283 8302.31
60–64118 050122 024240 0751.95
65-6982 20186 101168 3021.37
70-7443 52648 28991 8150.75
75-7924 81130 18654 9970.45
80+17 95124 64942 6000.35
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–142 558 0092 546 5985 104 60741.47
15–643 353 8933 871 8367 225 72958.70
65+168 489189 225357 7142.91

UN population projections

Numbers are in thousands. UN medium variant projections [4]

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Burundi not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Population
(thousands)
Live births
(thousands)
Deaths
(thousands)
Natural change
(thousands)
CBR [lower-roman 1] CDR [lower-roman 1] NC [lower-roman 1] TFR [lower-roman 1] IMR [lower-roman 1] Life expectancy
(years)
19502 254  116  53  6351.323.527.86.92166.940.6
1951  2 303  117  55  6250.723.926.86.91166.040.8
1952  2 352  118  56  6249.923.826.16.90164.041.0
1953  2 399  119  57  6249.423.625.86.92162.041.3
1954  2 447  120  57  6348.923.325.56.92160.141.6
1955  2 495  121  58  6348.423.025.46.93158.241.9
1956  2 544  122  58  6447.922.825.16.93156.442.1
1957  2 594  123  58  6547.422.524.96.93154.642.3
1958  2 643  125  59  6647.022.224.86.95152.842.6
1959  2 694  126  59  6746.721.924.86.98150.942.8
1960  2 747  128  60  6846.521.724.87.00149.043.0
1961  2 816  130  60  7046.321.424.97.02147.243.3
1962  2 887  135  61  7346.521.225.37.04145.343.4
1963  2 948  137  62  7546.421.025.47.07143.543.7
1964  3 033  140  63  7746.320.725.57.09141.744.0
1965  3 118  147  69  7746.922.224.77.11146.042.0
1966  3 193  150  67  8246.921.125.77.14144.343.5
1967  3 274  155  70  8547.121.325.87.16145.543.3
1968  3 352  158  72  8747.221.325.97.18146.343.4
1969  3 424  163  75  8847.521.725.77.22147.442.9
1970  3 498  166  76  9047.321.625.77.21147.943.0
1971  3 582  170  78  9247.521.725.87.21148.243.0
1972  3 579  173  1452847.639.97.77.21161.225.6
1973  3 571  165  93  7246.326.120.27.22151.537.3
1974  3 660  171  79  9246.721.525.27.22148.443.0
1975  3 749  178  81  9747.421.625.87.24148.243.0
1976  3 831  182  82  10047.521.526.07.25147.443.1
1977  3 927  187  83  10447.721.226.57.25145.443.5
1978  4 039  194  85  11048.221.027.27.26142.343.8
1979  4 137  203  85  11848.920.428.57.31137.944.6
1980  4 313  207  84  12348.919.829.17.35132.545.4
1981  4 491  228  86  14250.519.131.47.33126.546.4
1982  4 602  229  85  14449.718.531.27.31120.547.3
1983  4 727  235  85  15049.517.831.77.30115.048.1
1984  4 842  237  84  15248.817.431.47.30110.048.5
1985  4 948  241  86  15548.317.231.27.29106.248.5
1986  5 042  242  88  15547.817.330.57.32103.748.2
1987  5 158  245  91  15547.517.629.97.38102.347.5
1988  5 272  250  109  14147.220.626.77.38105.543.0
1989  5 374  253  101  15346.918.628.37.39102.445.6
1990  5 484  256  105  15146.519.127.57.37103.044.9
1991  5 595  259  109  15046.119.426.77.34103.744.2
1992  5 743  262  112  15045.719.526.27.30104.243.9
1993  5 555  272147  12546.024.921.17.27108.637.1
1994  5 586  208  101  10739.118.920.27.23104.444.1
1995  5 933  266  113  15444.518.825.77.18104.644.1
1996  5 931  265  112  15343.918.625.37.12104.244.4
1997  5 924  250  105  14541.917.624.27.04102.145.4
1998  6 035  249  100  14941.316.624.76.9699.846.6
1999  6 180  260  99  16142.016.026.06.9097.447.5
2000  6 308  269  101  16842.515.926.66.8795.347.5
2001  6 466  277  99  17842.915.327.66.8592.448.4
2002  6 649  292  97  19543.814.529.36.8289.149.9
2003  6 861  305  96  20944.514.030.56.7986.050.9
2004  7 120  322  95  22745.313.431.96.7582.452.0
2005  7 389  340  95  24546.012.833.26.7178.653.0
2006  7 658  355  95  26046.412.434.06.6674.453.9
2007  7 945  369  94  27546.511.934.76.5970.354.7
2008  8 278  384  93  29146.611.335.26.5266.455.7
2009  8 709  402  94  30846.710.935.86.4162.856.4
2010  9 127  426  96  33046.710.536.26.2659.457.1
2011  9 456  432  96  33645.610.135.56.1156.257.8
2012  9 795  435  94  34044.49.634.85.9953.358.5
2013  10 150  441  93  34743.49.234.25.8950.659.2
2014  10 495  445  92  35242.48.833.65.7948.259.9
2015  10 727 448  9335541.38.632.85.7046.360.2
2016  10 903432  90  34339.58.231.35.5944.460.8
2017  11 156  427  87  34038.17.830.45.4842.861.6
2018  11 493  424  88  33637.07.629.45.3841.361.7
2019  11 875  431  87  34436.37.429.05.2739.962.4
2020  12 220  435  92  34335.67.628.05.1838.661.6
2021  12 551  438  94  34434.87.527.45.0837.561.7
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022 [7]

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): [8] [9] [10]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
19876.6 (5.3)5.2 (4.2)6.6 (5.4)
201044.56.4 (4.2)37.34.8 (3.4)45.36.6 (4.3)
2016-1737.95.5 (3.6)33.04.1 (3.0)38.55.7 (3.7)

Fertility data as of 2010 (DHS Program): [9] The fertility rate in the Bujumbura Mairie Province fell to 3.7 by 2016-2017; the other regions were not aggregated in the report, for easy reference and comparison to the below chart. [10] Per the 2016-2017 report, the average number of desired children in Burundi, nationwide, by both men and women of 15 to 49 years of age who are either paired up or married, is 4 children or less, and slightly less for men than for women. Per the report, this suggests an excess fecundity (more children than desired) of 1.8 children per couple nationwide; 1.1 in urban areas (where 3.0 children are desired, and the fertility rate is 4.1) and 2.0 in rural areas (where 3.7 children are desired and the fertility rate is 5.7). However, the number of desired children appears to be based on the lowest-desired rate - that of paired but unmarried men (3.7 children) rather than the highest (4.0, desired by married women) or even an overall average. [10]

RegionTotal fertility ratePercentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnantMean number of children ever born to women age 40-49
Bujumbura Mairie 4.27.9%5.3
Nord6.710.1%6.4
Centre-Est6.310.5%6.6
Ouest7.111.7%7.2
Sud6.210.8%6.8

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. [11]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. [12]

Population

12,696,478 (2022 est.)
12,241,065 (July 2021 est.)
10,742,276 (July 2015 est.)
Note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 58.6%, Protestant 35.3% (includes Adventist 2.7% and other Protestant 32.6%), Muslim 3.4%, other 1.3%, none 1.3% (2016-17 est.)

Age structure

Population pyramid of Burundi in 2020 Burundi single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Burundi in 2020
0-14 years: 43.83% (male 2,618,868/female 2,581,597)
15-24 years: 19.76% (male 1,172,858/female 1,171,966)
25-54 years: 29.18% (male 1,713,985/female 1,748,167)
55-64 years: 4.17% (male 231,088/female 264,131)
65 years and over: 3.06% (male 155,262/female 207,899) (2020 est.)

Median age

Total: 17.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 217th
Male: 17.4 years
Female: 18.0 years (2020 est.)
Total: 17.0 years
Male: 16.8 years
Female: 17.2 years (2015 est.)

Population growth rate

3.63% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 4th
3.68% (2021 est.)
3.28% (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.03 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 10th
5.1 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Birth rate

35.17 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 16th
35.48 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 16th

Death rate

5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 161st
6.07 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Net migration rate

7.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 12nd
7.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
4.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Population distribution

One of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil

Urbanization

urban population: 14.4% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 13.7% of total population (2020)
Rate of urbanization: 5.68% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

21.5 years (2016/17 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-49
21.3 years (2010 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25-29

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 67.42 years. Country comparison to the world: 190th
male: 65.32 years
female: 69.59 years (2022 est.)
Total population: 67.07 years Country comparison to the world: 150th
male: 64.98 years
female: 69.22 years (2021 est.)
Total population: 60.9 years
Male: 59.2 years
Female: 62.7 years (2017 est.)

Dependency ratios

Total dependency ratio: 91.0
Youth dependency ratio: 86.4
Elderly dependency ratio: 4.5
Potential support ratio: 22.0 (2020 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

28.5% (2016/17)

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 1.2% (2019 est.) Country comparison to the world (37th)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 85,000 (2019 est.)
Deaths: 1,800 (2019 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

27.2% (2018/2019)

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: very high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria and dengue fever
Water contact disease: schistosomiasis
Animal contact disease: rabies (2020)

Nationality

Noun: Burundian(s)
Adjective: Burundian

Ethnic groups

Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1% Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 [13]

Religions

Roman Catholic 62.1%, Protestant 23.9% (includes Adventist 2.3% and other Protestant 21.6%), Islam 2.5%, Other 3.6%, Unspecified 7.9% (2008 est.)

Languages

Kirundi (official) only: 29.7%, French (official) only: 0.3%, Kirundi and French: 8.4%, Kurundi, French and English: 2.4%, Swahili only: 0.2%, other language combinations: 2%, unspecified: 56.9% (2008 est.)
NOTE: Data represents only languages read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal.

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 68.4%
Male: 76.3%
Female: 61.2% (2017 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2018)

Education expenditure

5.1% of GDP (2018)

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Attribution:PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA.  (Archived 2008 edition)