Demographics of Uganda

Last updated
Demographics of Uganda
Uganda single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Uganda in 2020
Population46,205,893 (2022 est.)
Growth rate3.27% (2022 est.)
Birth rate40.94 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy68.96 years
  male66.71 years
  female71.27 years
Fertility rate5.36 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate30.45 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-3.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years48.21%
65 and over2.38%
Sex ratio
Total0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.03 male(s)/female
65 and over0.71 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityUgandan
Language
OfficialEnglish

Demographic features of the population of Uganda include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and others.

Contents

Population

Demographics development according to the United Nations Uganda Population 1950-2021 Forecast 2022-2032 UN World Population Prospects 2022.svg
Demographics development according to the United Nations

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [1] [2] the total population was 45,853,778 in 2021, compared to only 5,158,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 48.1 percent, 49.4 percent was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.5 percent was 65 years or older. [3]

Total population (x 1000)Population aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
19505,15843.154.03.0
19555,89945.152.12.8
19606,78845.951.52.6
19658,01446.650.92.6
19709,44646.950.52.6
197510,82747.350.02.6
198012,54847.649.72.6
198514,63147.849.62.7
199017,38448.049.32.7
199520,41348.548.82.7
200023,75848.748.62.7
200528,04248.848.72.5
201033,14949.148.52.5
2014 Census Results34,85647.949.22.7

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 27.VIII.2014): [4]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total16 897 84917 736 80134 634 650100
0–43 173 9502 957 0786 131 02817.70
5–92 834 4562 717 2225 551 67816.03
10–142 462 7892 457 6544 920 44314.21
15–191 917 7972 038 8363 956 63311.42
20–241 444 4381 744 1733 188 6119.21
25–291 143 4671 342 7092 486 1767.18
30–34908 4471 043 2921 951 7395.64
35–39726 355809 4821 535 8374.43
40–44617 034655 3831 272 4173.67
45–49452 081469 043921 1242.66
50–54371 126436 977808 1032.33
55–59224 765255 519480 2841.39
60–64195 283244 770440 0531.27
65-69136 107165 043301 1500.87
70-74115 862161 374277 2360.80
75-7969 09581 378150 4730.43
80-8451 87179 398131 2690.38
85-8921 57230 20451 7760.15
90-9415 12522 04637 1710.11
95+16 22925 22041 4490.12
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–148 471 1958 131 95416 603 14947.94
15–648 000 7939 040 18417 040 97749.20
65+425 861564 663990 5242.86

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Based on the results of the 2014 Population Census.): [4]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total20 428 00021 156 00041 584 000100
0–43 610 0003 519 0007 129 00017.14
5–93 150 0002 964 0006 114 00014.70
10–142 842 0002 705 0005 547 00013.34
15–192 503 0002 478 0004 981 00011.98
20–241 978 0002 074 0004 052 0009.74
25–291 480 0001 764 0003 244 0007.80
30–341 155 0001 378 0002 533 0006.09
35–39913 0001 059 0001 972 0004.74
40–44718 000814 0001 533 0003.69
45–49605 000656 0001 261 0003.03
50–54446 000468 000914 0002.20
55–59357 000421 000778 0001.87
60–64221 000259 000480 0001.15
65-69170 000217 000387 0000.93
70-74115 000144 000259 0000.62
75-7983 000119 000202 0000.49
80+81 000116 000197 0000.47
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–149 602 0009 188 00018 790 00045.19
15–6410 377 00011 372 00021 749 00052.30
65+449 000596 0001 045 0002.51

United Nations population projections

Numbers are in thousands.

UN medium var2050101,873

Refugee population

According to the UNHCR, Uganda hosts over 1.1 million refugees on its soil as of November 2018. [5] Most come from neighbouring countries in the African Great Lakes region, particularly South Sudan (68.0 per cent) and Democratic Republic of the Congo (24.6%). [5]

Vital statistics

Registration of births and deaths in Uganda is not yet complete. The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs prepared the following estimates. [6]

YearLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR*CDR*NC*TFR*IMR*
1950  302,000  144,000  157,00052.425.127.46.65148.5
1951  308,000  147,000  161,00052.124.927.26.66147.2
1952  315,000  148,000  167,00051.924.427.56.68144.5
1953  322,000  149,000  173,00051.623.827.76.71141.9
1954  329,000  150,000  179,00051.223.327.96.73139.7
1955  335,000  150,000  185,00050.722.728.06.76137.4
1956  342,000  150,000  192,00050.322.128.26.79135.2
1957  349,000  149,000  199,00049.921.428.56.83132.9
1958  356,000  148,000  207,00049.520.628.96.87130.7
1959  364,000  148,000  217,00049.220.029.26.92128.7
1960  371,000  147,000  224,00048.719.329.46.94127.0
1961  379,000  147,000  233,00048.418.729.76.97125.3
1962  389,000  147,000  242,00048.218.130.07.00123.7
1963  399,000  148,000  252,00048.017.830.37.02121.9
1964  411,000  149,000  262,00048.017.430.67.05120.3
1965  425,000  152,000  273,00048.117.231.07.09118.7
1966  440,000  156,000  285,00048.417.131.37.12117.4
1967  457,000  157,000  299,00048.616.731.97.15115.5
1968  474,000  161,000  313,00048.916.632.37.19114.1
1969  489,000  164,000  325,00048.816.432.47.16112.9
1970  506,000  169,000  337,00049.016.432.67.19112.2
1971  522,000  192,000  330,00049.118.131.07.20116.2
1972  535,000  198,000  338,00049.018.130.97.22116.4
1973  546,000  202,000  343,00048.818.130.77.22114.7
1974  558,000  211,000  347,00048.718.430.37.22118.8
1975  575,000  218,000  356,00048.918.630.37.23118.0
1976  590,000  228,000  362,00048.918.930.07.23120.2
1977  604,000  238,000  366,00048.819.229.67.21122.4
1978  620,000  248,000  372,00048.719.529.27.18126.3
1979  638,000  257,000  381,00048.819.729.27.16127.4
1980  651,000  282,000  369,00048.821.127.77.13133.9
1981  665,000  286,000  379,00048.821.027.97.12132.9
1982  678,000  287,000  390,00048.720.628.17.09125.8
1983  696,000  290,000  407,00048.820.328.57.04122.8
1984  720,000  294,000  426,00049.220.129.17.00120.0
1985  752,000  284,000  468,00049.918.931.07.04115.0
1986  784,000  293,000  490,00050.618.931.67.08113.5
1987  817,000  291,000  526,00051.118.232.97.12112.1
1988  845,000  299,000  546,00051.218.133.17.11111.0
1989  874,000  310,000  565,00051.318.233.17.07109.7
1990  904,000  319,000  586,00051.418.133.37.04108.0
1991  930,000  327,000  603,00051.218.033.26.98105.8
1992  964,000  335,000  629,00051.317.833.56.96103.7
1993  995,000  345,000  650,00051.217.733.46.93101.8
1994  1,025,000  353,000  672,00050.917.533.46.93100.3
1995  1,058,000  360,000  698,00050.917.333.66.9299.2
1996  1,068,000  363,000  704,00050.217.133.16.8998.3
1997  1,096,000  367,000  729,00049.916.733.26.9197.0
1998  1,112,000  370,000  742,00049.316.432.96.8995.2
1999  1,144,000  369,000  775,00049.115.833.26.8892.7
2000  1,169,000  368,000  801,00048.615.333.36.8389.6
2001  1,197,000  364,000  833,00048.314.733.66.8186.0
2002  1,221,000  360,000  861,00047.814.133.76.7882.2
2003  1,244,000  355,000  889,00047.113.433.76.7078.0
2004  1,271,000  342,000  928,00046.712.634.16.6573.4
2005  1,289,000  326,000  963,00046.011.634.46.5769.0
2006  1,309,000  311,000  998,00045.410.834.66.4864.9
2007  1,328,000  302,000  1,026,00044.710.234.56.3861.2
2008  1,344,000  296,000  1,048,00043.99.734.26.2557.8
2009  1,372,000  291,000  1,081,00043.59.234.36.1754.8
2010  1,397,000  286,000  1,110,00043.18.834.26.0751.8
2011  1,417,000  278,000  1,139,00042.48.334.15.9449.0
2012  1,435,000  270,000  1,165,00041.77.833.95.7846.1
2013  1,448,000  260,000  1,188,00040.97.433.65.6243.5
2014  1,461,000  254,000  1,207,00040.27.033.25.4641.3
2015  1,479,000  249,000  1,230,00039.46.632.85.3139.4
2016  1,498,000  246,000  1,251,00038.76.432.35.1737.4
2017  1,537,000  247,000  1,290,00038.36.232.25.0535.8
2018  1,580,000  246,000  1,333,00038.15.932.14.9334.3
2019  1,616,000  250,000  1,366,00037.75.831.84.8132.9
2020  1,654,000  260,000  1,394,00037.35.931.44.6931.6
2021  1,687,000  269,000  1,417,00036.85.930.94.5930.4
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Fertility and births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)(Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): [7] [8] [9]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
1982-19847.46.17.6
1985-19887.45.77.6
199547.86.86 (5.6)47.74.97 (3.8)47.87.17 (5.9)
2000-200147.36.9 (5.3)41.34.0 (3.2)48.07.4 (5.7)
200644.86.741.04.445.37.1
201142.16.2 (5.1)40.33.8 (3.6)42.46.8 (5.5)
2014 census [10] 5.8
201638.75.4 (4.3)37.04.0 (3.4)39.35.9 (4.6)
2018-195.0

Fertility data as of 2011 and 2016 (DHS Program): [11]

RegionTotal fertility rate (Wanted fertility rate) 2011Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant 2011Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 2011
Kampala3.3 (2.9)8.35.0
Central 15.6 (4.2)9.97.2
Central 26.3 (4.6)9.67.1
East Central6.9 (4.4)13.77.9
Eastern7.5 (5.3)12.57.5
Karamoja6.4 (5.8)18.77.5
North6.3 (4.3)12.47.3
West Nile6.8 (5.1)10.47.4
Western6.4 (4.7)13.27.4
Southwest6.2 (4.4)11.37.2
RegionTotal fertility rate (Wanted fertility rate) 2016Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant 2016Mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 2016
Kampala 3.5 (3.1)6.64.7
Karamoja 7.9 (7.4)15.17.8
West Nile 6.0 (5.0)8.96.7
South Central4.7 (3.9)8.56.4
North Central5.4 (4.3)10.36.9
Busoga 6.1 (4.5)12.47.5
Bukedi 6.1 (4.3)13.77.4
Bugisu 5.6 (4.3)9.36.8
Teso 6.0 (4.8)10.47.8
Lango 5.1 (3.9)10.47.1
Acholi 5.5 (3.8)9.67.1
Bunyoro 6.0 (4.4)8.56.8
Tooro 5.4 (4.4)10.67.0
Kigezi 4.6 (3.8)9.76.1
Ankole 4.9 (4.2)8.86.4

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy at birth in Uganda Life expectancy in Uganda.svg
Life expectancy at birth in Uganda
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years [12]
1950–195540.00
1955–1960Increase2.svg 42.60
1960–1965Increase2.svg 45.39
1965–1970Increase2.svg 48.12
1970–1975Increase2.svg 49.14
1975–1980Increase2.svg 49.33
1980–1985Decrease2.svg 49.05
1985–1990Decrease2.svg 46.86
1990–1995Decrease2.svg 44.57
1995–2000Increase2.svg 44.98
2000–2005Increase2.svg 49.92
2005–2010Increase2.svg 55.15
2010–2015Increase2.svg 58.61
2020Increase2.svg 62.85
2021Decrease2.svg 62.71

South Asians, Europeans and Arabs

During the Uganda Protectorate period, the British colonialists used South Asian immigrants as intermediaries. Following independence they constituted the largest non-indigenous ethnic group in Uganda, at around 80,000 people, and they dominated trade, industry, and the professions. This caused resentment among the native African majority, which was exploited by post-Independence leaders.

After Idi Amin came to power in 1971, he declared "economic war" on the Indians, culminating in the Expulsion of Asians in Uganda in 1972. Since Amin's overthrow in 1979 some Asians have returned. There are between 15,000 and 25,000 in Uganda today, nearly all in the capital Kampala.

There are also about 10,000 Europeans, mostly of native English origin, and 3,000 Arabs of various national origins in Uganda.

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics of Uganda in 2022:

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. [13]

The population of Uganda (2005 FAO data; number of inhabitants in millions) Uganda-demography.png
The population of Uganda (2005 FAO data; number of inhabitants in millions)
Population pyramid in 2020 Uganda single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid in 2020

Population

46,205,893 (2022 est.)
44,279,563 (June 2018 estimate)

Religions

Protestant 45.1% (Anglican 32.0%, Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical 11.1%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.7%, Baptist .3%), Roman Catholic 39.3%, Muslim 13.7%, other 1.6%, none 0.2% (2014 est.)

Uganda is a religiously diverse nation with Christianity being the most widely professed religion. According to the 2014 census, over 84 percent of the population was Christian while about 14 percent of the population adhered to Islam, making it the largest minority religion. [14] In 2009, the northern and west Nile regions were dominated by Roman Catholics, and Iganga District in the east of Uganda had the highest percentage of Muslims. [15] [16]

Age structure

0-14 years: 48.21% (male 10,548,913/female 10,304,876)
15-24 years: 20.25% (male 4,236,231/female 4,521,698)
25-54 years: 26.24% (male 5,202,570/female 6,147,304)
55-64 years: 2.91% (male 579,110/female 681,052)
65 years and over: 2.38% (male 442,159/female 589,053) (2020 est.)

Birth rate

40.94 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 5th
42.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 195th
10.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.26 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th
5.36 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 7th

Population growth rate

3.27% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 8
3.2% (2017 est.)

Median age

total: 15.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 226th
male: 14.9 years
female: 16.5 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

-3.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 186th
-0.7 migrants/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.4 years (2016 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 20-49

Contraceptive prevalence rate

41.8% (2018)

Urbanization

urban population: 26.2% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 5.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 23.8% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 5.7% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2009 estimate)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 68.96 years. Country comparison to the world: 180th
male: 66.71 years
female: 71.27 years (2022 est.)
total population: 63.3 years
male: 62.2 years
female: 64.2 years (2014 population census Ubos)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and Trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis
animal contact diseases: rabies

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Uganda is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

Education expenditures

3% of GDP (2020) Country comparison to the world: 152nd

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 76.5%
male: 82.7%
female: 70.8% (2018)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years
male: 10 years
female: 10 years (2011)

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 15.6%
male: 13.8%
female: 17.6% (2017 est.)

Nationality

noun: Ugandan
adjective: Ugandan

Ethnic groups

Languages

An ethnolinguistic map of Uganda Languages of Uganda.png
An ethnolinguistic map of Uganda

English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Swahili (recently made second official language, important regionally but spoken by very few people in Uganda), Luganda (most widely used of the Niger–Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Bantu languages, Nilo-Saharan languages and Arabic.

See also

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References

  1. "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
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